利用城市污泥/煤矸石制备多孔陶粒的研究

以煤矸石和城市污泥二种原料制备了多孔陶粒,研究了不同配比、不同烧结温度对多孔陶粒体积密度、吸水率以及孔隙率等性能的影响。结果表明,原料配比中污泥的比例应小于50%,当城市污泥掺量在20-50%,烧结温度为1120℃,保温1 h时,所制备的多孔陶瓷密度在1030-1200 kg/m3、显气孔率在26%-50%、吸水率在23%-35%。城市污泥中有害重金属元素在陶粒中得到有效固化,不会对环境造成的二次污染。     

均匀设计在优化多孔陶粒制备工艺中的应用

本文以城市污泥和絮凝污泥为主要原料,石英和煤炭为辅料制备多孔陶瓷.通过均匀试验设计,系统研究各因素对多孔陶瓷性能的影响,找出回归方程和最佳工艺条件.多孔陶瓷制备的优化配方为:城市污泥为16.67％,石英为33.33％,絮凝污泥为25％,煤炭量为25％,煤炭颗粒为0.1 ～0.9 mm,转化时间为150min,烧成温度为1230℃.由最优配方所制备的多孔陶瓷的吸水率为57.2％,显气孔率为60.89％,体积密度为1.065 g/cm3,抗压强度为1.8 MPa,耐酸性为97.1％,耐碱性为98.3％.     

药厂污泥制备水处理用多孔流离球填料

研究利用药厂的污泥和普通粘土为主要原料,烧结制备水处理生物膜法应用的流离球填料及其处理药厂污水的效果。分别考察了烧结温度和污泥用量对多孔填料的抗压强度和吸水率的影响。实验结果表明,烧结温度在1100℃±20℃时,填料的抗压强度可达30MPa;污泥用量越大填料的吸水率越大。此外,烧结温度对CODCr去除率有很大影响。用药厂污泥制备流离球填料,一方面利用了固体废弃物,另一方面获得了环保水处理填料,具有经济效益。     

造孔剂对粉煤灰-城市污泥多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以粉煤灰和城市污泥为主要原料,使用淀粉和稻壳为造孔剂,再辅以膨润土、无水硅酸钠为添加剂制备多孔陶瓷。对多孔陶瓷的性能进行了研究,采用XRD、SEM表征多孔陶瓷的微观结构。结果表明,使用稻壳和淀粉作造孔剂都能制备出具有一定的强度和显气孔率的多孔陶瓷,使用稻壳作造孔剂时性能略优于淀粉。当使用40%量稻壳作造孔剂时,可制备出的显气孔率为52.81%,抗折强度9.12 MPa,气孔呈三维连通的优质多孔陶瓷。     

水基冷冻干燥工艺制备莫来石结合多孔SiC陶瓷

以微米级SiC和纳米级α-Al2O3为原料,经水基冷冻干燥及原位反应烧结工艺制备莫来石结合多孔SiC陶瓷.XRD分析表明多孔陶瓷主相是α-SiC,结合相是莫来石.多孔陶瓷的孔径分布呈现双峰分布特点,大孔孔径峰值介于3 ～20 μm,小孔孔径峰值为0.5 ～1 μm.体系中SiC固相含量及烧结温度对多孔陶瓷显微结构及性能有显著影响.当SiC固相含量由20vol％增至30vol％时,多孔陶瓷的孔结构由间距为20～ 30 μm、且定向排列的层状结构演变为孔径约为4μm的定向通孔结构.当烧结温度由1200℃升至1500℃时,多孔SiC陶瓷开气孔率由66％下降至64％,抗压缩强度由4.5 MPa升至16 MPa.     

城市污泥/煤矸石制备多孔陶粒的试验研究

在分析城市污泥和煤矸石化学成分、矿物组成及热分解特性基础上,设定了烧结制度;研究了不同配比、不同烧结温度对多孔陶粒体积密度、吸水率以及孔隙率等性能的影响。结果表明,以煤矸石和城市污泥二种原料可以制备多孔陶粒,当煤矸石∶城市污泥=80∶20~50∶50时,烧结温度1120℃、保温1h,制备的多孔密度为1030~1200kg/m3、显气孔率在26~50%;吸水率在23~35%。城市污泥中有害重金属元素在陶粒中得到有效固化,不会对环境造成的二次污染。     

水基冷冻干燥工艺制备层状结构多孔SiC陶瓷

以微米级SiC粉体为原料,利用冷冻干燥和原位反应烧结制备了具有层状孔道结构的SiC多孔陶瓷.XRD分析表明多孔陶瓷的主相是α-SiC,结合相是方石英;SEM观察到多孔陶瓷具有相互连通的开孔结构;多孔SiC陶瓷的总孔隙率和开孔隙率随固相含量和烧结温度的增加而下降.多孔陶瓷的孔径分布呈现双峰分布特点,大孔孔径峰值介于20～80 μm,小孔孔径峰值为0.5～0.9 μm.在原位反应烧结过程中,在1100℃以上SiC开始发生氧化形成SiO2结合的多孔SiC陶瓷,显著提高了陶瓷的压缩强度.随着烧结温度从1000℃提高到1500℃,固相含量为30vol%的多孔SiC陶瓷开孔率从68.9%下降到61.8%,压缩强度由5.5 MPa升至25.5 MPa.     

抛光砖污泥在广场砖中的再利用研究

本文以陶瓷工厂抛光砖污泥、黑泥、章丘土、临朐长石、沂水长石以及秦庄长石为原料,制备了六组广场砖样品,其污泥含量分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和100%。然后对样品进行各种物理性能测试和研究。结果表明:当抛光砖污泥的含量<30%时,可以用于广场砖的生产,且污泥含量越低产品的性能越好。     

3种填料有机物和氨氮去除性能及吸附效果比较

考察了海绵球形填料、螺旋形填料和纤维球填料的处理效果及吸附性能。结果表明,常温低填充比(15～20℃,13.75%)时,螺旋形填料COD平均去除率最高,可达到97%以上,3种填料氨氮平均去除率均可达到99%以上。海绵球形填料受填充比影响较小,而填充比过高会影响螺旋形填料和纤维球填料的传质布气效果。纤维球具有巨大的比表面积,吸附性能较强,单位体积附着污泥量可达22.97 g/L,且其吸附性能受温度影响小。螺旋形填料单位比表面积附着污泥量为0.042 g.m3/m2,其吸附性能与其表面电荷和构型有关。海绵球形填料单位质量填料附着污泥量高,在相同要求下需要填料质量小,运输和安装时可节约成本。     

多孔陶瓷生物反应器处理微污染水的研究

以多孔陶瓷板为固定化载体设计生物反应器,固定苔藓及其菌根菌处理微污染水.以高岭土、长石、粉煤灰等为主要原料,于1150℃烧制多孔陶瓷板,开口孔隙率在20～35%,微米和毫米级两种孔径分布,抗压强度20.3Mpa,敷设在坡度为0.05的长方形反应器中,固定化苔藓菌根菌后再在多孔陶瓷板上铺设苔藓,在气温低于10℃条件下处理微污染水,CODσ去除率达到89.6%;总氮的去除率达到45.8%.结果表明多孔陶瓷生物反应器能满足苔藓及其菌根菌生长需求,充分发挥苔藓-菌根菌共生体的抗寒能力,对微污染水有较好的处理效果.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。