混合菌种发酵大豆黄浆水的工艺优化

采用干酪乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、酿酒酵母对大豆黄浆水进行发酵,以乳酸菌和酵母菌活菌数为指标,研究糖蜜添加量、初始pH、接种量、接种比例、培养转速、发酵温度、发酵时间对发酵液中活菌数的影响.在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化大豆黄浆水发酵的工艺参数.结果表明最佳工艺参数为:接种量6％、接种菌种比例1:1:1、培养转速12...     

低温乳酸菌混菌培养条件的优化

以低温乳酸菌乳酸乳球菌和干酪乳杆菌为研究对象,采用单因素实验、Box-Behnken实验设计对低温乳酸菌混菌培养条件进行优化.结果表明:培养温度、初始pH、接种量对低温乳酸菌活菌数影响均显著(,＜0.01),最优条件为:培养温度24.32℃、初始pH6.60、接种量3.20％,在此条件下活菌数的预测极大值为10.32lgCFU/mL,验证实验的活菌数为(10.25±0.02)lgCFU/mL,与理论预测值相比相对误差约为0.99％.     

芝麻多肽的特性及其抗氧化活性对乳酸菌生长影响的研究

通过超声波辅助酶法制备芝麻多肽,在分析芝麻多肽的氨基酸组成、相对分子质量分布及抗氧化活性的基础上,研究芝麻多肽抗氧化活性对乳酸菌生长的影响。结果表明:芝麻多肽中谷氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸的含量较高;其相对分子质量分布主要集中在600～800之间;芝麻多肽羟自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率分别为74.65%、62.41%和66.8%;添加1.0 mg/m L的芝麻多肽能够明显促进乳酸菌的生长,提高乳酸菌的活菌数和乳酸的生成量;相关分析表明,乳酸菌活菌数与芝麻多肽超氧阴离子自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率的相关系数分别为0.88和0.81;乳酸含量与芝麻多肽羟自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率的相关系数分别为0.82、0.89和0.83。可见,芝麻多肽抗氧化活性对乳酸菌生长具有一定的影响。     

复合北虫草乳酸菌制剂制备技术研究初探

探索了利用北虫草提取物培养乳酸菌,以期提高发酵液活菌数,进行了单菌种和双菌种混合发酵研究,并试制了具有北虫草和乳酸菌双重功能的复合北虫草活性乳酸菌制剂样品。研究结果表明,北虫草提取物对试验菌株生长具有促进作用,提高发酵液活菌数约10倍,实验室条件下单菌种和多菌种混合发酵液活菌数可达到109cfu/mL以上;制备的北虫草活性菌原粉活菌数最高达1011cfu/g、活性乳酸菌片和活性乳酸菌粉产品活菌数达107～109cfu/g。该产品将具有良好保健功能的北虫草和乳酸菌等益生菌相结合,为进一步研究开发复合型保健食品提供依据和思路。     

发酵大豆乳优良乳酸菌菌种的筛选及其发酵性能的研究

本文以从益生菌乳制品、保健品和微生态制剂中自行分离选育出的乳酸菌进行大豆乳发酵,通过是否凝乳、凝乳时间长短、凝乳后的感官评价及发酵剂所达到的活菌数、酸度和pH值等技术指标,对适合大豆乳发酵的乳酸菌菌种进行层层选优得到生长繁殖力强、发酵活力高的大豆乳发酵的试验菌株.试验结果表明:8株实验乳酸菌菌株经过筛选得到干酪乳杆菌05-20作为发酵的大豆酸乳的备选菌株,其凝乳时活菌数可达1. 7× 109 cfu/mL、凝乳时pH值4. 29、滴定酸度79. 4°T,为开发混种发酵大豆乳和大豆功能性食品的开发奠定实践基础.     

利用木薯酒糟液培养植物乳杆菌工艺条件的优化研究

提高培养基中乳酸菌活菌数和降低培养基生产成本是开发饲用乳酸菌剂的关键。本研究以木薯酒糟液作为培养植物乳杆菌的基础发酵培养基,通过单因子和正交试验方法,对木薯酒糟培养乳酸菌的培养基配方及发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明:植物乳杆菌最佳培养基配方为木薯酒糟液97.75%,糖蜜2.00%,酵母膏0.25%,pH值5.5。最佳培养条件为在37℃下用120r/min摇床培养,培养时间为24h。培养结束后培养液中乳酸菌菌体活菌数达49.0×108 cfu/ml,是未优化木薯酒糟液基础发酵培养基中活菌数的2.41倍,比MRS培养基中的活菌数高35%。表明用优化的木薯酒糟液培养基培养植物乳杆菌具有可行性。     

乳酸菌生长最佳培养基的筛选

文中通过检测乳酸菌在不同固体和半固体培养基中的菌落数,菌落大小及溶钙圈大小,以筛选出乳酸菌生长的最佳培养基,实验表明,在添加胡萝卜汁的乳酸菌分离固体培养基上,乳酸菌生长最好,活菌数含量最高,菌落和溶钙圈最大,同种培养基,半固体培养较固体培养更适于乳酸菌生长,前者出菌快,活菌数多。     

乳酸菌的分离筛选及其微生态制剂的制备

该研究用市售酸奶中分离纯化到的乳酸菌株和实验室保藏的多种乳酸菌株作为材料,研究不同乳酸菌对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌4种致病菌株的抑菌作用.采用双层平板法从出发菌株中选育到对致病菌株有明显抑制功能的乳酸菌,并将抗菌性能良好的乳酸菌株进行优化组合.组合菌剂转接到脱脂乳中,静置培养48h后,采用真空冷冻干燥技术制备乳酸菌微生态制剂.试验结果表明,从原始菌株中选育到11株对4种致病菌有较强抑制功能的乳酸菌株;优化组合乳酸菌在MRS培养液中,静置培养17h活菌数达到最大值;冷冻干燥过程采用2％麦芽糖作为保护剂,微生态制剂中乳酸菌活菌数为3.36× 105cfu/g,存活率达到68.6％.     

养乐多饮料中影响干酪乳杆菌代田株活菌数因素的研究

研究了乳饮料的发酵过程中影响乳酸菌高活菌数的因素。以干酪乳杆菌代田株为菌种,设定接种量、营养条件、培养温度为实验因素对乳酸菌发酵过程进行研究,以活乳酸菌数量为检测指标,确定最佳的发酵稳定的高活菌数乳饮料的工艺条件。结果表明,30℃的培养温度,发酵培养基奶粉的加入量为5%,发酵2d~4d后可获得稳定的109个/mL以上的高活菌数的乳饮料。     

大豆肽对发酵酸奶乳酸菌生长及活力的影响

将两种水解度不同的大豆肽A、B添加至酸奶发酵中,作为乳酸菌发酵的促进剂,研究其对乳酸菌生长及产酸活力及其对乳酸菌活力保持的促进作用.实验采用单一嗜酸乳杆菌菌种,采用了两大类发酵A和B),通过乳酸菌37℃恒温静态培养,测定乳酸菌培养液各种指标(pH值、吸光度、滴定酸度、美兰还原褪色时间以及活菌计数).结果显示,两种大豆肽对乳酸菌生长、产酸均有较显著促进作用,且在酸奶发酵中添加大豆肽浓度为5g/L时,大豆肽对乳酸菌作用效果最佳.两种肽相比,大豆肽B对乳酸菌生长、产酸作用更为显著.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the