电火花线切割电参数对Cr12MoV材料去除率与表面粗糙度的影响

Cr12MoV作为通用的模具钢,电火花线切割加工工艺参数是影响其材料去除率与表面粗糙度的主要因素。通过改变电火花线切割的电参数,对加工Cr12MoV的性能指标进行研究。结果表明:随着脉宽时间的增加,材料去除率增加,但同时表面粗糙度也增加;峰值电流对材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响规律同脉宽时间一样;脉间时间增加时,材料去除率减小,但对表面粗糙度的影响不显著且脉间时间为25μs时其达到最小;间隙电压增加时,表面粗糙度减小,对材料去除率的影响较小。     

圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯力热分析

为探究Nomex蜂窝芯圆盘锯齿刀超声切削过程中切削参数与切削力热的映射关系,开展圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯复合材料仿真及试验研究,分析主轴转速、进给速度、切削宽度和切削深度对切削过程中切削力热的影响,建立了切削温度随进给速度、主轴转速的一次回归模型。结果表明:所建立仿真模型最大误差为11.2%,可有效预测切削力与切削温度;三向切削力随着切削宽度,切削深度,进给速度的增大而增大,随着主轴转速的增大而减小;进给速度与主轴转速对切削温度影响显著;实际加工中,应采用大切削深度与切削宽度增加切削效率,采用小进给速度和主轴转速以降低切削温度,减少刀具磨损。     

弹性磨具磨抛M300曲面多目标磨削参数研究

目的通过M300模具钢曲面磨抛加工实验研究,解决传统抛光工艺效率低下等问题。方法采用弹性球头磨具对M300钢进行了曲面抛光加工,设计单因素实验和正交实验,研究主轴转速、磨具粒度、进给速度、切削深度等主要工艺参数对表面粗糙度与材料去除率的作用。使用Hilbert路径走刀方式进行加工,可均匀遍历整个待抛曲面,利用五轴加工中心作为试验平台,电子分析天平、三维表面形貌仪作为检测仪器,得到优化的工艺参数和优选区间。结果在9组选取的磨抛参数中,能够获得较为理想的表面粗糙度(0.078μm),材料去除率和磨耗比分别为2.152 mm3/min、0.07。对表面粗糙度影响较大的因素为切深,对材料去除率影响较大的因素为切深和进给速度。对于多目标优化,切深、主轴转速、进给速度、磨具粒度的影响程度逐次降低。优化后的工艺参数组合为:球头磨具320#,主轴转速4500 r/min,切深0.4 mm,进给速度80mm/s。结论采用弹性球头磨具磨抛可提高M300模具钢的材料去除率,改进加工表面质量,进而提高加工效率。     

超声振动滚压加工参数对TC4钛合金表面质量的影响

通过超声振动滚压加工正交试验,研究主轴转速、进给速度、静压力和加工次数对TC4钛合金表面质量的影响,并将材料的表面粗糙度、显微硬度及残余应力作为其表面质量的评价指标。试验结果表明:超声振动滚压加工工艺能降低TC4钛合金表面粗糙度,大幅度提高显微硬度,在表面引入残余压应力;合适的主轴转速、进给速度及加工次数使表面粗糙度达到最佳效果,一定范围内,表面粗糙度随着静压力的增大而减小;主轴转速对材料表面显微硬度影响较小,显微硬度随着进给速度的增大而减小,随着静压力及加工次数的增大而增大;主轴转速对材料表面残余应力有无规律的影响,材料表面的残余应力值随着进给速度的增大而减小,随着静压力及加工次数的增大而增大。     

基于非接触给电的高主轴转速微细电火花加工特性研究

在实现非接触给电的微细电火花加工的基础上,分别研究了圆柱电极和削边电极的主轴转速对材料去除率及电极损耗的影响。结果表明:无论是圆柱电极还是削边电极,随着主轴转速的提高,材料去除率增加,电极损耗率降低;且在削边电极的情况下,主轴转速的提高对于材料去除率和电极损耗率的改善更明显。     

工作液超声振动辅助电火花小孔加工装置设计与试验

电火花加工小孔存在电蚀产物排出效率低导致加工效率低、电蚀产物排除导致二次放电现象影响加工精度等问题,而超声振动在工作液中产生空化效应和泵吸作用,能大幅提高电火花的排屑和消电离能力,进而在很大程度上减少上述问题的发生。设计一套工作液超声振动辅助电火花小孔加工装置,主要包括主轴系统、微三维运动平台、超声振动工作液槽和数据采集系统,其中主轴系统包括NSK电主轴、引电结构、工具电极装夹结构,可以实现工具电极的高速旋转;基于LabVIEW开发了电火花小孔加工控制系统,主要包括初始化模块、粗定位模块、恒电压对刀模块、实时电压分段控制加工模块和实时显示模块。开展了工作液超声振动辅助电火花小孔加工试验研究,试验结果表明：随电火花加工电压的增加,工件材料去除率和电极损耗率都趋于增大。     

慢走丝线切割单点放电温度场有限元分析

建立了慢走丝电火花线切割单脉冲放电模型,利用有限元分析了单脉冲放电温度场分布。计算出该条件下工件放电凹坑几何特征,与实际切割条件下的材料去除率进行了对比,并根据电火花线切割的加工特点进行了修正。讨论了不同峰值电流和脉冲宽度条件下,蚀除凹坑体积与材料去除率(MRR)的变化规律,并分析了峰值电流和脉冲宽度对MRR的交互作用。分析结果表明:考虑实际加工的相关因素,模拟的单脉冲放电的MRR经修正后可以近似表征实际连续切割时的MRR;单个凹坑的蚀除量随着电流和脉宽的增大而增大,并且电流和脉宽的交互作用随着它们取值的增大而更加明显。     

工艺参数对电火花电弧高效复合加工性能的影响研究

电火花电弧复合加工解决了电火花加工效率低的问题,与电火花加工相比,其加工效率提高了数倍,针对某些材料,其加工效率甚至超过了传统机械加工,但也存在自动化程度低、电极损耗严重等缺陷。利用电火花电弧复合加工技术进行了大量实验,并以此为基础,分析了不同加工参数下的工件性能,得到在不同峰值电流、脉宽、电极主轴转速等参数下的工件加工效率、表面粗糙度及相对电极损耗率的变化规律,以期得出针对不同加工目的的最优工作参数。     

钎焊牙科金刚石工具磨削加工氧化锆陶瓷的研究

采用钎焊法分别制备金刚石粒度尺寸为251μm和107μm的牙科金刚石工具,并对氧化锆陶瓷进行磨削加工实验。研究了加工过程中进给速度和主轴转速对磨削力的影响,并对不同粒度的钎焊金刚石工具进行对比。利用扫描电镜观察加工后氧化锆陶瓷表面质量和切屑形态。实验结果表明:法向磨削力和切向磨削力随着进给速度和主轴转速的增大而增大,粒度尺寸为107μm的钎焊金刚石工具产生的磨削力小于粒度尺寸为251μm的钎焊金刚石工具。随着进给速度的增大,加工后的氧化锆陶瓷表面脆性断裂区域有所增加,切屑尺寸增大。随着主轴转速的增大,加工后的氧化锆陶瓷表面存在显微塑性变形,切屑细化。     

钛合金Ti-6Al-4V的电火花加工试验研究

对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V进行了电火花加工试验研究,以加工极性、脉宽、峰值电流为试验因素,探讨其对TC4钛合金的材料去除率、电极相对损耗及工件表面微裂纹的影响规律。结果表明:占空比一定、采用正极性或负极性加工时,增加峰值电流皆可提高其材料去除率,且负极性加工影响更为显著;同时,负极性加工可获得较低的电极相对损耗。无论选用何种加工极性,增大峰值电流与脉宽,都会导致TC4钛合金加工表面出现显著的微裂纹,且负极性加工时的工件表面微裂纹密度大于正极性加工;同时,TC4钛合金加工表面皆有TiC生成,使电火花加工TC4钛合金时的材料去除率降低。     

微细超声加工机床运动控制系统设计

微细超声加工机床设计包括硬件设计与运动控制系统设计,运动控制系统是机床的核心组成部分,直接或者间接地影响到加工质量与加工效率。采用宏微复合的硬件设计结构能有效地保证运动控制精度,针对精密微三维运动平台,基于LabVIEW开发了微细超声加工中的运动控制系统,该系统包括初始化模块、粗对刀模块、精确对刀模块、绝对坐标实时显示模块、数据采集模块与加工模块。将微细工具所受的实时力与微三维运动平台的运动结合形成闭环控制,能有效地实现精确对刀以及恒压力进给加工。最后,对控制系统进行了测试,研究了恒力控制范围与增量位移、进给速度、回退速度之间的关系。     

大面积PCD复合片电火花加工高效节能脉冲电源的研究

本文通过对大面积PCD复合片材料物理特性的分析及电火花放电加工PCD表面放电机理的研究，分析了电火花加工大面积PCD复合片时影响加工速度及表面质量的重要因素。提出了用于加工大面积PCD复合片的理想电源模型，其特点为：大能量、高峰值电压、高峰值电流、窄脉冲、等脉冲能量输出。根据理想电源模型开发出一种高效、节能、环保型大面积PCD复合片电火花专用脉冲电源。与普通电火花脉冲电源比较，该电源加工效率高、加工表面质量好，电能利用率高，是大面积PCD复合片电火花加工的有效工具。     

不同电极材料的短电弧铣削加工效率研究

短电弧铣削加工是一种新型的放电加工,它进一步提高了放电加工效率。论述了短电弧加工材料去除机制、去离子原则和热现象,分析了余热对材料去除率(MRR)的影响。研究了短电弧铣削加工效率的主要指标——MRR,在不同工具、工件电极的材料组合下,分析峰值电流、脉冲时间、脉冲间隔、进给速度、气压等工艺因素对MRR的影响规律。实验表明:不同电极材料组合的MRR存在差异;在大多数放电条件下,石墨电极和45碳钢工件获得较高的MRR,而紫铜电极和镍基高温合金GH4169工件获得较低的MRR。     

Pulse train data analysis to investigate the effect of machining parameters on the performance of wire electro discharge turning (WEDT) process

This paper aims at giving an insight into the wire electro discharge turning (WEDT) process, by analyzing the effect of machining parameters on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness and roundness error, using the pulse train data acquired at the spark gap. To achieve this objective a simple and cost effective spindle is developed for the WEDT process. Pulse train data are acquired with a data acquisition system developed in the present work. A pulse discrimination algorithm has been developed for classifying the discharge pulses into open circuit, normal, arc and short circuit pulses. With the help of algorithm the number of arc regions, average ignition delay time, the width of the normal and arc regions in the data acquired can also be obtained. It has been observed that the rotation of the workpiece has significant influence on the type of the discharges occurring at the spark gap. Preliminary experiments conducted to compare the WEDM and WEDT processes disclosed that MRR is less in WEDT and the number of arcs and arc regions are more in WEDT. It has been observed that the surface roughness and roundness error of the WEDT components are influenced by the occurrence of arc regions, width of arc and normal discharge regions and average ignition delay time.     

基于正交试验的电火花加工工艺效果试验分析

通过正交试验分析,探讨了电火花成形加工中影响加工效果的主要因素,分别阐述了脉冲峰值电流、脉冲宽度及脉冲间隔等对加工速度、加工表面粗糙度及工具电极损耗的影响关系,对解决电火花加工实践中工艺参数优化问题具有一定的理论指导意义.     

Servo scanning 3D micro-EDM based on macro/micro-dual-feed spindle

Using the end discharge of micro-rod-shaped electrode to scan layer by layer, micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) can fabricate complex 3D micro-structures. During the machining process, the discharge state is broken frequently due to the wear of the tool electrode and the relative scanning motion. To keep a favorable discharge gap, the feed spindle of the tool electrode needs the characteristics of high-frequency response and high resolution. In this study, an experimental system with a macro/micro-dual-feed spindle was designed to improve the machining performance of servo scanning 3D micro-EDM (3D SSMEDM), which integrates an ultrasonic linear motor as the macro-drive and a piezoelectric (PZT) actuator as micro-feeding mechanism. Based on LabVIEW and Visual C++ software platform, a real-time control system was developed to control coordinately the dual-feed spindle to drive the tool electrode. The micro-feed motor controls the tool electrode to keep the favorable discharge gap, and the macro-drive motor realizes long working range by a macro/micro-feed conversion. The emphasis is paid on the process control of the 3D SSMEDM based on macro/micro-dual-feed spindle for higher machining accuracy and efficiency. A number of experiments were carried out to study the machining performance. According to the numerical control (NC) code, several typical 3D micro-structures have been machined on the P-doped silicon chips. Our study results show that the machining process is stable and the regular discharge ratio is higher. Based on our fundamental machining experiments, some better-machined effects have been gained as follows. By machining a micro-rectangle cavity (960 μm×660 μm), the machined depth error can be controlled within 2%, the XY dimensional error is within 1%, the surface roughness R_a reaches 0.37 μm, and the material removal rate is about 1.58×10⁴ μm³/s by using a tool electrode of Φ=100 μm in diameter. By machining multi-micro-triangle cavities (side length 700 μm), it is known that the machining repeatability error is <0.7%.     

Experimental investigation of spark generation in electrochemical discharge machining of non-conducting materials

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), also known as spark assisted chemical engraving (SACE), is an effective micro-machining process for non-conducting materials. Process modeling of ECDM, including spark generation and material removal, is not fully established however. Empirical estimation for discharge energy results in large prediction error of material removal and is hard to experimentally validate. In this paper, an experiment-based stochastic model for spark energy estimation is presented. Tapered tool electrodes were fabricated by electrochemical machining (ECM) to improve the consistency of spark generation. Energy of sparks was experimentally determined and fit into a two-component mixture log-normal distribution to reveal electrochemical characteristics of tool electrodes. A finite element based model was established to correlate spark energy and the geometry of removed material. Material removal was treated as heat transfer problem because electrical energy released by spark generation transfers into thermal energy on the workpiece, resulting in material removal due to thermal melting and chemical etching. Predictions of material removal by the model demonstrated good consistency with experimental results.