某高速电磁开关阀电磁力影响因素的研究

针对某高速电磁开关阀高性能要求,阐述了电磁场有限元分析的基本理论知识,给出电磁场基本表达式,建立了高速电磁开关阀电磁场模型。针对不同工作气隙、不同非工作气隙、不同绕线参数、不同温度以及不同电压高速电磁开关阀电磁场进行了分析,得到高速电磁开关阀电磁场分布云图,分析其磁场饱和程度;得到不同工作气隙、非工作气隙、线圈丝径、线圈层数、线圈电流、NI值、温度等参数下阀芯电磁力曲线,分析高速电磁开关阀电磁力受其结构参数与工作参数的影响因素,为高速电磁开关阀电磁控制单元的设计提供参考,并给出了高速电磁开关阀设计过程的注意事项。     

汽车空调电磁离合器电磁场有限元分析

利用APDL参数化语言建立了汽车空调电磁离合器二维有限元模型,并对其进行了二维电磁场分析,得到了离合器内部结构的磁力线分布、皮带轮与吸盘之间的电磁吸力以及结构尺寸变化对磁力线和电磁吸力的影响规律,为离合器的优化设计提供了依据。     

复合励磁漏磁检测的ANSYS仿真分析

复合励磁是一种有效的局部磁化方法,其能够根据储罐底板厚度的不同改变电磁线圈电流大小从而改变励磁强度,以满足不同厚度工件检测的需要,扩大检测范围。笔者所述复合励磁法是将直流线圈和永久磁铁作为励磁源,并应用ANSYS软件对复合励磁漏磁检测进行仿真分析,分析了缺陷深度尺寸、安匝数等影响缺陷漏磁信号的因素。仿真结果表明:随着缺陷深度或安匝数的增加,缺陷上方漏磁场强度有所增强。     

自动液力变速器高速开关阀动态仿真与优化

高速开关电磁阀的响应时间对自动液力变速器性能的影响很大,为了减小开关阀的响应时间,运用AMESim软件建立了动态性能仿真模型,提出基于ITAE准则创建目标函数,采用遗传算法寻优,对阀的线圈匝数、工作行程等参数进行优化,并分析了优化结果。研究结果表明:动态性能模型的仿真结果与性能检测试验数据相对比,响应误差为3.3%,仿真模型能够比较准确地描述开关阀的动态性能;经参数优化,高速开关阀的响应时间缩短了38.16%,满足了快速响应性能的要求。该研究为进一步提高自动液力变速器的性能提供了理论参考。     

铜线真空井式退火炉的改进

裸铜线的力学性能,特别是退火后的伸长率、刚度(柔软度)对绝缘材料包覆和后续电机、变压器线圈制作及加工成型过程有着十分重要的影响.采用拉拔工艺生产的裸铜线力学性能和电性能的恢复与稳定主要靠后续真空无氧退火来实现.而退火时罐内温度的均匀性、物料受热时间的长短又是影响裸铜线力学性能和电性能及其均匀性的主要因素.目前国内很多电磁线生产厂家在加工过程中都采用真空井式炉电阻加热方式[1]对裸铜线进行退火处理,普遍存在上区与下区、盘外与盘内不同位置裸铜线的伸长率、刚度(柔软度)等力学性能相差较大的情况.产品虽然都能满足国家标准中对伸长率指标要求(现行国家标准没有强制执行刚度指标),但无法满足电机、变压器客户在线圈制作及加工成型时对电磁线伸长率、刚度(柔软度)的越来越高的现场工艺要求,影响了电磁线、电机、变压器等产品质量,导致产品加工成本升高和产品存在质量隐患.本文对裸铜线在传统真空井式退火炉退火后力学性能不均匀的原因进行分析,对现有的真空井式退火炉进行了改进,提升了铜线的力学性能.     

激励线圈匝数对软接触结晶器内磁场和电磁压力的影响

通过建立软接触电磁连铸结晶器内电磁场计算的三维有限元数学模型,模拟分析了高频磁场激励线圈匝数在2～5匝变化,对切缝结晶器内磁感应强度和电磁压力分布的影响。结果表明,线圈匝数变化不会改变结晶器内磁感应强度和电磁压力的分布特征;沿结晶器高度方向上,磁感应强度和电磁压力都在钢液面下5～6 mm位置出现峰值;在周向上,切缝处的磁感应强度和电磁压力值高于分瓣体中心处。随线圈匝数增加,结晶器内磁感应强度和电磁压力的数值均明显增加,但其分布的不均匀性也随之加剧,因此线圈匝数存在最优值,取3匝或4匝是比较合理的。     

基于集磁器的电磁脉冲点焊设计及实验

阐述了一种基于集磁器的电磁脉冲点焊原理和实现方法,可用于金属板件的焊接。利用集磁器感应产生高强度磁场,高速变化的磁场在金属板件上形成涡流并产生巨大的洛伦兹力,推动金属材料快速移动并撞击另外一种金属以完成焊接。对集磁器进行了优化设计,详细介绍电磁线圈的形状、匝数和放电参数,并运用有限元法对电磁场、结构场等进行数值分析。以1 mm厚的1060铝板和316不锈钢板为对象进行实验,对焊接后的构件进行了宏观和微观分析,并进行强度测试。结果表明,该焊接方法能够完成铝板和不锈钢板的电磁脉冲焊接。     

高频电磁场对灰铸铁石墨形态的影响

采用频率为50 kHz的高频电磁场对灰铸铁熔体进行处理,探讨了高频线圈匝数、通电电流和处理时间对灰铸铁凝固组织的影响.试验结果表明,高频磁场有效地改变了灰铸铁的石墨形态,使长直粗大的片状石墨变成均匀细小弯曲的形态.合适的线圈匝数和电流大小能够在短时间内达到显著的细化效果,其主要原因是电磁力引起的剧烈电磁搅拌作用和高频感应热效应.     

一种液压驱动空调系统的优化设计

针对某型汽车起重机上车液压空调系统易出现驱动压缩机皮带瞬间断裂、马达油封漏油及换向电磁阀线圈烧蚀等故障现象,通过对普通二通插装阀结构改造,优化设计了一种液压驱动空调系统。经试验,改进后的系统方案能满足其使用要求,适用性更强,能进一步降低液压马达的开启缓冲。市场应用表明：空调压缩机皮带使用寿命明显延长,未出现瞬间皮带断裂和电磁阀线圈烧坏故障。     

电磁铆接各参数对线圈放电电流的影响

线圈放电电流是影响铆接质量的主要参数,而放电电流由众多参数所决定。利用通过有限元方法建立的电磁铆接电磁场耦合模型,系统地研究了各参数对线圈放电电流的影响。研究结果表明,放电电压、放电电容量、线圈匝数、系统电阻、驱动片材料、驱动片厚度和放电线圈与驱动片间隙对放电电流的幅值和周期均有较大的影响。通过线圈放电电流的分析,为电磁铆接成形参数的选择及工艺参数的设计奠定基础。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.