轴向柱塞泵中滑靴阻尼孔的结构对其性能的影响研究

在轴向柱塞泵中,滑靴的设计广泛的采用静压支承理论,从阻尼观点建立的流动模型来看,阻尼管型滑靴是靠液流经过固定阻尼和可变阻尼串联的油膜流动来实现静压支承的.为保证柱塞泵中滑靴副的静压支承设计的合理,必须对滑靴阻尼孔的结构尺寸选取合理的参数.文章在建立滑靴副的数学模型的基础上,通过采用改变滑靴阻尼孔结构尺寸,分析了阻尼孔直径和长度对滑靴的静压油膜和泄漏量的影响,提出了滑靴阻尼孔的设计方法.     

大排量柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦学性能研究

目的 探究大排量柱塞泵滑靴副因底面尺寸大的特点所产生的不同于常规柱塞泵滑靴副的摩擦学性能。方法 首先，在考虑大底面滑靴高速旋转时形成线速度差的基础上，结合热楔效应以及热传导关系，建立一种在剩余压紧力状态下大排量柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦力的数学模型。其次，仿真分析柱塞腔压力、主轴转速以及油液温度对滑靴副摩擦力的影响。最后，搭建滑靴副摩擦力测试装置，并测量滑靴副所受摩擦力，验证所建立的滑靴副摩擦力数学模型的准确性。结果 滑靴副的总摩擦力由黏性摩擦力和犁沟力2部分组成。随着转速的升高，滑靴副的总摩擦力会降低，犁沟力的占比逐渐增大，当转速由800 r/min上升至1 800 r/min时，犁沟力所占比例由3.4%上升至11.9%。随着压力的升高，滑靴副的总摩擦力上升，犁沟力所占比例增大，当压力由3 MPa上升至9 MPa时，犁沟力所占比例由0%上升至21.5%。随着油液温度的升高，滑靴副的总摩擦力上升，犁沟力所占比例增大，当油温由25℃上升至55℃时，犁沟力所占比例由4.0%上升至17.1%。结论 研究揭示了黏性摩擦力在滑靴副所受摩擦力中的主导作用和犁沟力对摩擦力变化趋势的影响作用，仿真和试验结果的一...     

柱塞泵滑靴副油膜动态特性数值模拟北大核心

为研究滑靴副弹流润滑机制,对柱塞泵滑靴副油膜动态特性进行数值模拟。建立滑靴副油膜的离散化模型,通过求解滑靴副油膜雷诺方程,获得油膜压力分布;考虑滑靴副油膜厚度、油膜压力分布与滑靴动力学之间的耦合关系,通过求解滑靴动力学方程组获得油膜厚度变化率,更新滑靴副油膜动态压力分布和油膜厚度。利用MATLAB软件进行仿真模拟,分析滑靴副油膜动态压力分布和厚度变化规律,揭示滑靴副油膜动态特性。研究结果为提高滑靴副油膜承载能力和降低柱塞泵功耗提供参考。     

静压支承滑靴油膜的动态仿真分析

本文针对螺旋阻尼槽型滑靴副，建立了油膜动态方程，并运用Matlab中的SIMULINK工具箱进行计算机仿真，研究了该静压支承滑靴副各参数对油膜动态特性的影响，为设计高速高压轴向柱塞泵提供了理论依据。     

非金属滑靴式柱塞泵润滑特性研究

滑靴副是柱塞泵中的关键摩擦副之一,它们之间的油膜润滑特性制约着柱塞泵的寿命。文中以某型柱塞泵为例,对无源油膜润滑理论进行研究,得出某型柱塞泵在不同状态下的油膜厚度;并结合非金属材料润滑特性,得出非金属材料滑靴与无源油膜润滑理论相结合时滑靴副的润滑特性。根据理论分析及实际应用情况,非金属材料滑靴及无源油膜润滑理论可以应用至其它柱塞泵上。     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副润滑特性实验台的研制

介绍了轴向柱塞泵滑靴副润滑特性实验台的功能、系统组成、结构以及测量原理。此实验台适用于油和水两种介质的滑靴副润滑膜测量，可以进行高压高转速大流量泵的滑靴副油膜厚度测量研究及各种模拟工况下的滑靴副的润滑特性的实验研究。     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副润滑膜的测量方法比较

比较了国内外轴向柱塞泵滑靴副润滑膜测量方法，并且根据位移传感器的安装位置对滑靴副润滑膜测量方法进行了分类。作者选择了一种方法，搭建了轴向柱塞泵的滑靴副润滑特性试验台，此试验台可以进行高压高转速大流量泵的滑靴油膜厚度测量研究，可以进行各种模拟工况下的滑靴副的润滑特性的实验研究。     

基于AMESim/Simulink的轴向柱塞泵滑靴副静压支承特性仿真研究

滑靴副是轴向柱塞泵的主要传递动力部件之一,将直接影响轴向柱塞泵的工作性能。目前,轴向柱塞泵存在的主要故障问题是关键摩擦副的油膜润滑失效和支承失效。采用AMESim/Simulink联合仿真技术研究轴向柱塞泵外部特性与滑靴副内部特性之间的规律,通过分析滑靴副的静压支承特性原理,建立滑靴副的静压润滑特性数学模型和液阻模型,并以接口模块连接两个模型构成虚拟模型。对轴向柱塞泵滑靴副的结构尺寸与滑靴副的泄漏流量、油膜厚度与刚度之间的变化规律进行基于AMESim/Simulink的联合仿真研究。仿真结果为滑靴副结构参数的优化设计提供依据,而且为后续开展的滑靴副润滑特性实际测量试验提供帮助。     

对阻尼槽型滑靴新设计理论的探讨

一、引言在轴向柱塞泵中,滑靴的设计已开始采用静压支承理论。滑靴静压支承设计理论,从阻尼观点建立的流动模型来看,阻尼管型滑靴,是液流经过固定阻尼和可变阻尼串联的油膜流动来实现静压支承的,如图1所示。对于阻尼槽型滑靴是液流经过固定阻尼与可变阻尼相并联的并联阻尼后再与一可变阻尼串联的油膜流动来实现静压支承的,如图2所示。     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副服役损伤与防护的研究进展

轴向柱塞泵是液压传动系统的核心动力元件,广泛应用于诸多工程领域。滑靴副是轴向柱塞泵中3对关键摩擦副(滑靴副、配流副和柱塞副)之一,显著影响柱塞泵的服役安全。滑靴副的磨损是引起柱塞泵失效的主要原因,开展滑靴副的服役损伤与防护措施研究对柱塞泵向高速、高压化技术发展有着重要意义。概述了轴向柱塞泵的基本工作原理;介绍了滑靴副间隙润滑油膜的形成和3大作用(润滑、密封和承载),以及油膜特性测量方法和影响因素;阐述了滑靴副的磨损机理、磨损影响因素及磨损状态评估方法;基于滑靴副的油膜特性及磨损机理,着重讨论了滑靴副延寿设计方法和失效防护措施,如优化滑靴副材料匹配、结构的延寿设计方法,以及利用表面织构化、固体润滑涂层改善滑靴副表面摩擦学性能的表面改性方法。表面织构化的原理是利用微纳米加工手段在滑靴副材料表面加工出具有一定形状、尺寸且排列规则的几何阵列来收集磨屑、储存润滑介质或通过产生流体动压效应来增强润滑进而减小磨损,固体润滑涂层则是通过改变基体表面的组织结构来提高滑靴副表面的承载力和增强滑靴副的自润滑性能。最后对轴向柱塞泵滑靴副未来的研究方向提出了展望。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。