无心磨床自动上下料机构设计与控制

针对传统模式中轴承滚子进行无心磨床研磨时采用人工上下料,存在的劳动强度大、加工效率低、产品表面易划伤等问题,文章结合轴承滚子的研磨加工特点,设计了加工轴承滚子的无心磨床自动上下料系统。该系统主要由自动送料机构、自动抓取机构、上下料流水线组成;该系统采用PLC作为控制器,实现了轴承滚子从送料机构上自动抓取,待磨削加工完成后再由机械手自动抓取放置在下料流水线,同时为了保证上下料过程系统运动的精确性采用SMC气缸、气爪与高精度传感器。实际应用表明,该自动上下料系统能实现轴承滚子在无心磨床上加工过程的自动化与滚子上料无接触切入式磨削,缩短了上下料时间,提高了加工效率的同时提高了滚子表面加工质量。     

电池极片自动上下料激光焊接机构研制

针对电池极片的焊接,设计了激光自动焊接机构,主要由控制箱、极片上料机构、镍片上料机构、转盘夹具机构、压紧机构、焊接机构和下料机构组成。实现人工批量上下料,单个产品由系统机构自动完成,节约人力成本的同时又提高了效率,满足产能12 pcs/min的要求。     

半轴精车、钻孔、孔倒角自动化设计

<正>本项目设计为两组品字形设备排布,每组品字形主要是一台关节机器人负责三台机床上下料,设备有一台七关节机器人、一台数控车床、两台自制数控镗床、一套双层上下料架,一套手动上下料吊具供两组品字形设备上下工件。自动上下料机构是本次设计中的一个重要部分,所谓上料、下料机构是指在加工过程中实现自动给料和自动出料的机械装置,最终实现自动工作循环。自动化工序主要包括精车法兰盘、钻孔、盘孔内外端面倒角,年产能可达30万件,比原有生产线每班节省7人,年节省计件工资126万元。     

基于倍福CX控制器的板材自动上下料系统设计

板材自动上下料系统是生产线系统的媒介,它把板材加工设备,和板材仓库设备添加到生产线体系当中,使它们成为一个有机的整体,满足自动取料、上料、加工、下料的这一流程,本文主要介绍其中的自动上下料部分.     

电池极片激光焊接半自动化生产线设计

针对手机电池的极片与电池壳体的激光焊接,设计了半自动化生产线系统,主要由自动上料组件、夹紧组件、输出镜头组件、下料机构组成,其中上料部分由储料器和推料机构组成;下料机构由推料机构、翻转机构、运动皮带组成。整个焊接生产线为半自动形式,提高了生产效率及保证了产品质量。     

工业机器人上下料技术及数控车床加工技术组合应用研究

为提高数控加工的切削效率和加工精度,对工业机器人上下料技术及数控机床加工技术组合应用进行研究.分析了GSK机器人及980T数控系统车床的特点.针对加工实例,设计机器人自动上下料机构,机器人与数控车床通讯单元,规划机器人上、下料运行轨迹.该研究结果能使机器人与数控车床配合,实现零件加工过程中上下料的自动化和无人化.是一种小型柔性制造单元在数控加工中的具体应用.     

全自动绕线机机械设计与运动学分析

针对环形电感生产过程中出现的生产效率低等问题,应用虚拟样机技术设计一款能够实现磁环上料、铜线上料、磁环绕线、铜线断料、成品下料、不合格铜线下料的验证平台。采用SolidWorks软件对各个部分进行三维建模、虚拟装配,再采用SolidWorks Motion插件中运动学算法对绕线机关键部件锥形轮安装座、磁环推杆上料和铜线断料进行运动学分析。结果表明：各个部分加速度为线性变化,位移与速度无突变发生,机构的运动曲线无大幅变动。整体机构在运行过程中平稳,设计合理,满足工厂对自动绕线机的需求。     

柔性车削中心上下料机构设计和控制

文章设计了立式双刀架双工位车削中心加工盘类零件的上下料机构和控制系统。主要设计其执行机构和基于单片机自动上下料机构的控制系统;设计了控制系统的硬件电路,编制了单片机控制程序实行手动、单步、设置参数及自动控制。该自动上下料机构能够实现与车削中心或数控机床配合,实现零件加工过程中上下料的自动化和无人化。     

改装大型冲压线用的自动上下料器

西德舒勒公司发展了一种自动上下料装置,用于贯通式冲压线上压力机的交替上料和下料。这个自动上下料装置有一个活动龙门架,其上装有下列各部件: 一个水平运动的滑架;一个装于滑架里的升降机构,其升程为50～300毫米;传送时夹持工件用的夹钳或吸盘;固定式的中间料架以及前后回转0～180°的翻料器。当压力机滑块上升以后,滑架便移向模具空间。夹钳夹住工件边缘。与此同时,中间料     

MGP模具料饼自动投放结构形式探讨

随着塑封工艺的不断进步,MGP模具料饼上料由传统的人工上料改由全自动料饼上料机自动上料,料饼称重及推送机构、投放机构的设计至关重要,既要考虑一次封装所需的料饼数量,同时考虑存储机构的安装空间、料饼检测及运动顺畅性。旋转式料饼投放机构,6个料筒依次存料,存储数量有传感器检测,旋转位置由伺服电机驱动,上下料饼动作顺畅,结构紧凑,有利于推送过程中保护料饼的完整度。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。