五自由度工业机器人RV-2AJ应用开发

以模块化生产系统(MPS)开发为背景,对三菱电机五自由度工业机器人RV-2AJ的开发应用展开研究。重点分析机器人工作站与其他工作站的信息交互,涉及机器人控制器接口电路、信号地址及方向;并对工业机器人关节原点设置方法进行阐述,采用机械原点限位方法对机器人各关节进行原点设置。该研究为工业机器人系统集成工程师提供了重要的参考。     

工业机器人在液压机冲压自动生产线中的应用

根据客户需求,液压机冲压生产中手工送料将逐步由六轴工业机器人取代。应用三菱Q00UJCPU控制器、远程IO、安川六轴工业机器人进行了单机联线柔性机器人生产线的开发。分析了整条机器人联线的系统组成及对控制系统的要求,确定了控制系统结构方案,实现了对整线自动化的稳定控制。     

安川机器人在洗衣机箱体外壳冲压自动生产线中的应用

洗衣机外壳箱体的冲压生产将逐步由手工送料向六轴工业机器人方向发展。应用三菱Q00UJCPU控制器、远程I/O、安川六轴工业机器人进行了单机联线柔性机器人生产线的开发。分析了整条机器人联线的系统组成及对控制系统的要求,确定了控制系统的结构方案,并实现了对整条自动化的稳定控制。     

基于SoftPLC和现场总线技术的点焊机器人柔性工作站系统集成

工业机器人作为自动化焊装线最主要的柔性设备,目前在汽车行业开始广泛应用。以KUKA机器人为例,设计和构建基于SoftPLC和现场总线的机器人工作站系统集成。整个系统以SoftPLC作为主控制器,用PROFIBUS-DP总线构建通讯网络,采用面向对象的编程思路,实现机器人柔性制造单元的通信与控制,提高系统的自动化程度,提升控制系统本身的柔性和可扩展性。     

工业机器人在对开门冰箱生产线中的应用

根据市场客户需求,对开门冰箱门壳生产的手工送料将逐步由六轴工业机器人取代。应用三菱Q00UJCPU控制器、远程IO、安川六轴工业机器人进行了单机联线柔性机器人生产线的开发。分析了整条机器人联线的系统组成及对控制系统的要求,确定了控制系统的结构方案,并实现了对整条自动化线的稳定控制。     

基于SDK通信接口的工业机器人远程监控系统设计

基于IRC5控制器的PC SDK通信二次开发接口,设计了一种局域网络下C/S架构的工业机器人远程监控系统。利用RobotStudio软件搭建ABB工业机器人压铸虚拟工作站,利用Winform软件在.NET平台下编写远程监控程序,通过与工业机器人虚拟工作站的连接,验证了远程监控系统的有效性。仿真结果表明:该系统可实现工业机器人控制器监控、访问权限管理、运行数据获取、I/O信号读写、日志查询和程序编辑与控制等功能,可大幅降低工业机器人远程监控功能的开发难度,为工业机器人远程监控系统的快速开发提供了解决方案。     

机器人辅助机械加工单元控制系统设计

介绍一种机器人辅助机械加工单元控制系统,阐述整个单元的布局及机器人过程控制、气动控制原理、PLC控制原理及软件编程等模块的设计方法。选取S7-200作为系统控制器,主机单元为CPU226,采用GP4401WW作为触摸屏显示器。通过系统调试实现了机器人对数控机床的自动化上下料,降低了劳动强度,提高了生产效率。     

焊接机器人控制器的组成及功能

如果说操作机是机器人的肢体,控制器则是机器人的大脑和心脏。控制器主要由主控单元、伺服控制驱动单元、输入输出接口及电源投入单元组成。     

ROS平台下多轴机器人PVT运动控制研究

针对传统机器人控制系统大多面向特定对象,移植性差,代码复用率低,提出采用开源机器人控制系统ROS为平台,研究运动控制实现。通过研究PVT控制模式的规划算法,提出了在开源机器人操作系统ROS平台下建立机器人运动学模型并设计控制结构载入该算法、构建PVT运动控制功能模块以替代传统运动控制器的部分功能。该控制模块具有开源、可扩展、可移植的特点,有效提高控制系统开发效率,节约控制系统的开发成本。该控制方案在工业6自由度串联机器人上得到了验证,表明该方案有效可行,具有良好的稳定性,可代替传统运动控制器。     

基于ARM9与Wince的工业机器人示教装置设计与开发

在工业机器人的应用过程中,示教装置已经成为机器人控制系统中不可或缺的一部分,其操作体验和性能的优劣直接关系到工业机器人使用效果。所设计的示教装置硬件结构和操作系统分别采用了基于ARM9的RISC ARM926EJ处理器和Windows CE 5.0操作系统,整体外壳采用3D快速成形打印技术研制。应用程序的开发环境为Microsoft Visual studio2008,以MFC为图形界面开发工具,采用串口通信实现示教装置与主控制器之间通信。该装置符合人体工程学,人机界面友好,运行稳定,满足控制的需要,具有较强的实用性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.