白光发光二极管用单体白色荧光粉的研究进展

近年来,单体白色荧光粉,尤其是基于能量传递原理构建的白色荧光粉成为发光领域的研究热点。简要评述了近5年紫外一近紫外基白光LEDs用单体白色荧光粉的研究进展。重点阐述了单掺杂体系,以及基于能量传递原理构建的双掺杂及三掺杂等单体白色荧光粉的研究结果与最新进展;同时,分析和预测了该类材料的研究前景及发展方向。     

白光LED用新型红色荧光粉的组成与发光性能的关系

白光LED有望发展成为新一代绿色照明光源.荧光粉作为配套材料,其性能优劣直接影响白光LED的发光效率、亮度以及显色性等.高效红色荧光粉已经成为白光LED发展的瓶颈.概述了Eu3+激活的钨/钼酸盐、氧化钇铋和钛酸盐,Sm3+激活的锌酸锶,Pr3+和Bi3+共激活的钛酸钙,Eu2+激活的氮化物,Ce3+激活的硅锗酸盐石榴石以及Mn4+激活的多铝酸钙和Mn2+激活的硫氧化锌钙等白光LED用新型红色荧光粉的发光性能的研究进展;着重分析了它们的组成变化对荧光性能的影响;并对今后的研究提出了一些设想.     

Fabrication of Ce:YAG,Ce,Cr:YAG and Ce:YAG/Ce,Cr:YAG dual-layered composite phosphor ceramics for the application of white LEDs

(Ce_0.001Y_0.999)₃Al₅O₁₂ and (Ce_0.001Y_0.999)₃(Cr_xAl_1−x)₅O₁₂ (x=0.001−0.005) transparent ceramics were synthesized by the solid state reaction and vacuum sintering and their optical properties were measured. High quality white light was obtained when the Ce:YAG/Ce,Cr:YAG dual-layered composite ceramic was directly combined with commercial blue LED chip. A maximum luminous efficacy exceeding 76 lm/W at a low correlated color temperature of 4905 K was obtained. The color temperature can be controlled by variations of Cr³⁺ concentration and the ceramic thickness. Hence, the Ce:YAG/Ce,Cr:YAG dual-layered composite phosphor ceramic may be a promising candidate for white LEDs.     

Effect of the Ce3+ concentration on laser-sintered YAG ceramics for white LEDs applications

This paper describes the laser sintering and luminescence properties of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (YAG) phosphors doped with different concentrations of Ce³⁺ and synthesized using the polymeric precursor method. The ceramics were sintered by a new laser sintering technique in which a CO₂ laser is employed as the heating source. The resultant ceramics exhibited a homogeneous microstructure with narrow grain size distribution and high relative density. The introduction of Ce³⁺ ions led to luminescence quenching at a concentration above 0.5 mol% and a redshift of the emission spectrum band with increasing cerium concentration. The excitation spectrum showed two characteristic bands centered at 340 nm and 460 nm and a relative change in their intensity by change the Ce³⁺ concentration. The presence of a single valence (Ce³⁺) of cerium was determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements.     

制备条件对微波合成YAG:Ce3+荧光粉性能的影响

采用微波合成方法在不同煅烧温度、煅烧气氛下制备了Si4+掺杂的YAG荧光粉,研究了制备条件对荧光粉性能的影响.结果表明:煅烧温度和气氛对荧光粉的发光效果有重要影响.在H2/N2气氛下,随煅烧温度升高,荧光粉的发射光谱强度提高;Si4+掺杂的YAG:Ce3+荧光粉与纯的YAG:Ce3+荧光粉相比,发射光谱峰变宽,发光强度...     

阳离子置换在白光LED灯用荧光粉中运用的研究进展

根据目前LED实现白光的两种主流方式:近紫光LED芯片+红/绿/蓝三基色荧光粉和蓝光LED芯片+黄色荧光粉(或+绿色/红色荧光粉),本文重点从黄色荧光粉、绿色荧光粉、红色荧光粉及蓝色荧光粉四个方面综述了利用阳离子置换实现对白光LED灯用荧光粉发光性能改善的研究进展,并对利用该方法对荧光粉的发光性能改善的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Layered Ceramic Phosphors Based on CaAlSiN3:Eu and YAG:Ce for White Light‐Emitting Diodes

To develop warm‐white light‐emitting diodes via conversion phosphors, blue light‐emitting diodes are generally combined with mixtures of green and red‐emitting phosphor powders. Generally, the phosphors are provided by resin embedded particle dispersions. Such resin‐based solutions cause several drawbacks with respect to LED lifetime and quality. Therefore, it has been investigated whether the red‐emitting nitride phosphor CaAlSiN₃:Eu and the green‐emitting oxidic phosphor YAG:Ce can be cofired to layered ceramic composites. The shrinkage behavior and the composition of the interface in dependence of sintering temperature and the effect of interdiffusion processes at the interface on the luminescence properties were investigated. The formation of secondary phases at the interface in the cofired structures was found to limit the phosphor functionality for the nitride‐based CaAlSiN₃:Eu in such composite ceramics. To counteract this, sacrificial interlayers were introduced to produce multilayered ceramics comprising CaAlSiN₃:Eu and YAG:Ce for LED lighting applications. It is shown for the first time, that it is possible to sinter layered CaAlSiN₃:Eu and YAG:Ce composite ceramics in a pressureless process at moderate sintering temperatures if one uses thin‐film passivated interfaces to reduce luminescence‐disturbing diffusion phenomena. These results demonstrate that diffusion barriers can be suitable means to obtain layered ceramic composites comprising CaAlSiN₃:Eu and YAG:Ce in a pressureless sintering process with good optical properties.     

高显色白光LED用YAG：Ce^3＋，Ln^3＋荧光粉的研究进展

综述了YAG：Ce荧光粉的制备方法,着重介绍了高显色白光LED用YAG：Ce^3＋,Ln^3＋（Ln=Sm,Pr,Gd,Tb）荧光粉的最新研究进展和发光性能。YAG：Ce^3＋,Ln^3＋荧光粉的发射谱带发生红移,或在红光区增加尖锐的红光发射峰,从而提高了白光LED的显色性能。     

Crystal Structure and Optical Performance of Al3+ and Ce3+ Codoped Ca3Sc2Si3O12 Green Phosphors for White LEDs

Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (CSS:Ce) green phosphors used for white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are synthesized and codoped with Al³⁺ via a solid‐state reaction method. The crystal structure and vibrational modes are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The energy transfer behavior and optical performance are characterized by photoluminescence and excitation spectra, quantum efficiency, and time‐resolved photoluminescence. The incorporation of Al³⁺ into CSS:Ce can inhibit the formation of the impurity phases Sc₂O₃ and CeO₂, improve crystallinity, and enhance the photoluminescence intensity as well as quantum efficiency. The substitution of Sc³⁺ with Al³⁺ increased the crystal field splitting of Ce³⁺ and resulted in the red shift of photoluminescence. The results show that Ca₃Sc_2?xAl_xSi₃O₁₂:Ce³⁺ has high quantum efficiency, making it a promising green phosphor that can be collocated with a commercial 450 nm blue LED and a red phosphor for solid‐state lighting applications.     

Yellow‐Emitting Y3Si6N11: Ce3+ Phosphors for White Light–Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

A novel Y_3?xSi₆N₁₁: xCe³⁺ yellow phosphor was synthesized using the carbothermal reduction and nitridition method at 1550°C for 16 h in this letter. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the phosphor showed broad excitation spectrum and had strong absorption in range of 350–450 nm. It also gave a broad emission band (Full width at half maximum = 153 nm) centered at 575 nm under 425‐nm excitation. With increasing Ce³⁺ concentration, the strongest emission intensity was obtained at 5 mol% Ce³⁺ doping amount and a systematic redshift was observed as the Ce³⁺ concentration increased. The results indicate that this novel yellow phosphor is a promising candidate for using in blue‐chip‐excited white light–emitting diodes (LEDs).     

石墨粒径对聚酰亚胺摩擦性能的影响

选用了10、20、30、40、50 μm 5种粒径的天然鳞片石墨（NG）作为添加剂,通过热压成型工艺制备了聚酰亚胺（PI）/NG复合材料,对其动态热力学性能、摩擦性能及断面、磨痕形貌进行测试与表征。结果表明,NG能够提高PI的储能模量及损耗模量,但是NG的粒径对其影响较小;随着NG粒径的降低,PI/NG复合材料的摩擦因数（f）和磨损率（ω）依次减小,添加粒径10 μm的NG之后,PI/NG复合材料的f为0.088 2,ω为6.19×10-7 mm3/N·m,并且具备比纯PI更平滑的磨损面,以及更连续致密的转移膜。     

基于填料粒度对离合器摩擦材料性能影响的研究

本文提出采用丁腈乳胶改性酚醛树脂作粘结剂、采用玻璃纤维和复合包芯纱作为增强纤维、丁腈橡胶复合填料制备离合器摩擦材料的工艺方法。试验表,在相同配方和工艺条件下,复合填料的粒度对离合器摩擦材料的性能有很大影响。当复合填料粒度为20-60目左右时,摩擦材料具有较好的物理机械性能和良好的摩擦磨损性能。     

粒径对番茄酱废水好氧颗粒污泥性能的影响

颗粒污泥的培养基质、粒径影响着颗粒的生物活性、传质效应及菌群的结构分布和协同竞争关系,进而影响出水效果.用番茄酱废水在序批式活性污泥法(SBR)反应器中成功培养颗粒污泥并稳定维持185 d,筛分出4种粒径范围的颗粒进行同步序批式实验,考察污泥特性及其对番茄酱生产废水的除污效能.结果表明,0.45～1.00 mm的颗粒形...     

石粉粒径对机制砂混凝土性能的影响

通过界定不同的石粉粒径,改变石粉的掺量,研究不同粒径石粉对混凝土工作性能的影响,并最终确定对机制砂混凝土性能有显著影响的石粉粒径,即石粉中的关键粒径。在此基础上研究了关键粒径石粉含量与机制砂混凝土性能的关联性,提出相应的经验公式。研究表明,45μm为石粉的关键粒径,45μm以下石粉含量以及石粉的颗粒分布对于机制砂混凝土性能影响都十分显著;通过不同石粉含量与机制砂混凝土性能的关联分析,提出了机制砂混凝土用水量调整经验公式。     

The effect of Lu3+ doping upon YAG:Ce phosphor ceramics for high-power white LEDs

Intense green emission is extremely significant to the color rendering index (CRI) of white LEDs. Various green-emitting YLuAG:Ce phosphor ceramics were successfully prepared by vacuum sintering. The effects of Lu³⁺ doping on structure and luminescence property were investigated in detail. In comparison with YAG:Ce, YLuAG:Ce ceramics own smaller grain size, better luminescence performance and higher thermal stability. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of YLuAG:Ce ceramics increases by 23.6 % due to the “light scattering enhanced effect”. Furthermore, the Ce³⁺ emission is obviously blue-shifting from 533 nm to 519 nm, and the intensity of YLuAG:Ce ceramics reduces only about 8.9 % at 250 °C, showing better thermal stability (vs 11.1 % of YAG:Ce). The LE of LED packaged by YLuAG:Ce ceramic is up to 148.88 lm/W when the doping Lu³⁺ y is 2.1. The above results show that tailored YLuAG:Ce phosphor ceramic is a potential green-emitting color converter for high-power LEDs (hp-LEDs).     

Study of the Effect of Additive Particle Size on Non‐ideal Explosive Performance

Detonation performance of non‐ideal RDX‐based compositions was studied. Charges of phlegmatised RDX containing 30% of two types of aluminium powders, coarse aluminium oxide or fine lithium fluoride particles were tested. The research concerning influence of inert and reactive additives on the detonation velocity and quasi‐static pressure was carried out. To estimate the degree of afterburning of the detonation products and reactive particles, closed explosions were performed in a chamber filled with different atmospheres. Explosion residues were also analysed. Gasdynamical and thermochemical calculations were also performed for the tested explosive compositions.     

白油佐剂粒径均一性与炎症和免疫学效应的相关性

采用高速搅拌和快速膜乳化法制备鸡新流二联白油佐剂疫苗,考察了疫苗粒径均一性与疫苗引起的炎症反应和免疫学效应的关系. 结果表明,2种疫苗粒径约为1.0 mm,快速膜乳化疫苗(ME vaccine)的多分散系数(PDI)为0.036,高速搅拌疫苗(HS vaccine)的PDI值为0.279,前者粒径分布更均一. 两种疫苗的HI抗体和IgG抗体水平无显著差异. HS vaccine注射部位炎症因子IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-a表达量最高分别为45, 7, 25和80 pg/mL,显著高于ME vaccine(均低于5 pg/mL). 均一白油佐剂疫苗在诱导有效免疫应答的同时,引起的炎症反应更轻.     

机械力活化对钢渣粒度分布和胶凝性能的影响

测试了不同粉磨时间的钢渣的粒度分布,计算了钢渣粉粒度分布的分形维数,并研究了其与比表面积、粉体活性的关系.结果表明:粉磨时间增加,钢渣粉粒度变小,小颗粒所占比逐步提升,粒度分布的分形维数也随之增大,粉磨一定时间后,其粒度分布的分形维数增长速度趋于平缓.粒度分布的分形维数与颗粒的比表面积、水化反应活性线性正相关.机械力活化能够激发钢渣的胶凝性能.钢渣胶凝材料的水化产物以钙矾石(AFt)和水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶为主.     

Effect of Particle Shape on Inline Particle Size Measurement Techniques

The influence of the particle shape on the results of different measuring techniques was investigated. Considered were single‐frequency ultrasound technique, 3D optical reflectance measurement (advanced particle analyzing system with multi capture signal technology), and focused‐beam reflectance measurement probes as techniques which are usable inline and in suspension density ranges usually present in industrial crystallization processes. Advantages and shortcomings of these techniques are compared and discussed.