如何有效保护红葡萄酒的颜色--同时提升醇厚口感和酒体结构?

葡萄皮中天然色素物质是非每位酿正因为在葡萄破碎开始时，大家（如EX、EXV、OE等）但同时有一点即当色素酒师们开始忙着进苹-乳发酵、陈酿及但不久却也发现您的口感 ——这又令呢？——简单地说，人们往往在注意某一方面的同时，却忽略了另一方面——事实上，后者与前者同样重要。换句话说，人们更注重如何有效的浸提葡萄皮中优质的多酚物质（最主要的是花青素和葡萄皮天然优质缩合单宁），却忽略了及时地保护已获得的极其珍贵的色素物质和补充天然不足的优质缩合单宁！——事实上，这二者是相互依存的。问题的提出总是有益的和有助于探…     

护色剂在红曲酒中的应用研究

本文对红曲酒光稳定性进行了研究，实验结果证实添加护色剂是比较简便有效的方法，同时确定了护色剂种类及最佳添加量。     

Effect of sodium sulfite,tartaric acid,tannin, and glucose on rheological properties,release of aroma compounds,and color characteristics of red wine

Food Science and Biotechnology - In this study, we evaluated the effect of addition of non-volatile compounds (sodium sulfite, tartaric acid, tannin, and glucose) on the rheological properties,...     

Micro-oxygenation of red wine: techniques, applications, and outcomes

Wine micro-oxygenation (MOX) is the controlled addition of oxygen to wine in a manner designed to ensure that complete mass transfer of molecular oxygen from gaseous to dissolved state occurs. MOX was initially developed to improve the body, structure, and fruitfulness in red wines with high concentrations of tannins and anthocyanins, by replicating the ingress of oxygen thought to arise from barrel maturation, but without the need for putting all wine to barrel. This review describes the operational parameters essential for the effective performance of the micro-oxidation process as well as the chemical and microbiological outcomes. The methodologies for introducing oxygen into the wine, the rates of oxygen addition, and their relationship to oxygen solubility in the wine matrix are examined. The review focuses on the techniques used for monitoring the MOX process, including sensory assessment, physicochemical properties, and the critical balance of the rate of oxygen addition in relation to maintaining the sulfur dioxide concentration. The chemistry of oxygen reactivity with wine components, the changes in wine composition that occur as a consequence of MOX, and the potential for wine spoilage if proper monitoring is not adopted are examined. Gaps in existing knowledge are addressed focusing on the limitations associated with the transfer of concepts from research trials in small volume tanks to commercial practice, and the dearth of kinetic data for the various chemical and physical processes that are claimed to occur during MOX.     

Enological tannins affect acetaldehyde evolution,colour stability and tannin reactivity during forced oxidation of red wine

The addition of enological tannins is a practice admitted and widely used to improve wine phenolic compositions. Although wine ageing is an oxidative process involving phenolic compounds and acetaldehyde production and consumption, the effect of enological tannins on the acetaldehyde and chromatic and phenolic changes of a red wine during oxidation is still not known. In this study, three enological tannins preparations containing gallotannins GT, ellagitannins ET and condensed tannins CT were added to a young commercial Lambrusco red wine in order to obtain wines with three different phenolic compositions. Samples were then treated with hydrogen peroxide to trigger oxidation. All added tannins have determined a production of acetaldehyde greater than control. Acetaldehyde was then consumed in 30 days. The samples treated with CT and ET showed, after oxidation, an increase in colour intensity, determined as the sum of 420, 520 and 620 nm absorbances. A simultaneously increase in polymeric pigments was detected. No significant variation of the Saliva Precipitation Index (SPI), an index useful to give an indirect measure of wine astringency, was observed after 30 days of treatment of CT and ET samples. Results highlight that the addition of CT and ET can help to stabilise colour without affecting wine reactivity towards salivary proteins. A significant role of acetaldehyde has been even detected. These are the first data showing the effect of different enological tannins on the production and consumption of acetaldehyde formation during an oxidation process.     

The premium price for Italian red wines in new world wine consuming countries: the case of the Russian market

Italian wine is increasingly appreciated in new world consumer countries and, in particular, in Russia where consumers associate its consumption with an Italian lifestyle. In this paper, market value for wine search attributes is measured through the estimation of a hedonic price model using online data from a Wine Searcher website and the information contained in the labels of wines marketed in Russia. Results show a premium price for wines from Piedmont and Tuscany, and in particular for non-native varieties and for Indicazione Geografica Tipica and Protected Geographical Indication wines. Additionally, vintage and higher alcohol content have a significant positive impact on the prices that consumers are willing to pay for wines. The knowledge of the implicit price of wine quality attributes has important implication for producers to aid in the adoption of effective marketing strategies, and for decision-makers for the adoption of effective measures to improve regional competitiveness in the world market.     

延迟采收及不同酿造工艺对北国红山葡萄干红酒单宁含量影响

采用Folin-Denis法测定延迟采收及3种酿造工艺对北国红山葡萄干红酒单宁含量的影响。结果表明,利用3种酿造工艺均能有效浸出正常采收和延迟采收的北国红山葡萄中的单宁,延迟采收北国红酿制的干红酒单宁含量显著高于正常采收（P＜0.05）,采用工艺二酿制的北国红干红酒单宁含量显著高于工艺一和工艺三（P＜0.05）,且随着陈酿的进行,北国红干红酒的单宁含量显著低于发酵刚结束（P＜0.05）。正常采收和延迟采收的北国红利用3种酿造工艺酿制的干红酒单宁含量分别为0.92 g/L、1.17 g/L、1.10 g/L、1.46 g/L、1.52 g/L、1.45 g/L,其中延迟采收的北国红采用工艺二酿制的干酒单宁含量为1.52 g/L,柔顺指数为5.3,显著高于其他处理（P＜0.05）。     

如何能酿制出优质或高档葡萄酒(一)--部分酿酒工艺技术要点参考与探索

1 葡萄的选用众所周知,对于葡萄酒来说,第一重要的原辅材料就是葡萄。换句话说,葡萄质量的好坏是决定能否酿制出优质葡萄酒的第一要素。因此,从一开始就应充分注重葡萄园的管理,并应在收获前精选葡萄品种和质量较高的葡萄,较为准确地掌握和评估所选定葡萄的质量状况和主要成分指标,特别是一些重要成分,如糖、酸、多酚(对红葡萄,其中最重要的有葡萄皮中的花青素、优质缩合单宁)等。一旦酿酒葡萄被最终选定,其与天俱来的“天分”也就确定了。接下来,葡萄酒酿制的好坏,就几乎完全取决于酒师的酿酒水平和工艺辅料及手段的正确选择和应用了。具…     

葡萄品种、产区及酿造工艺对酒中白藜芦醇的影响

用高效液相色谱方法研究了葡萄品种、葡萄产区和不同酿造工艺对干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇含量的影响.结果表明:梅鹿辄葡萄酒中白藜芦醇总量比赤霞珠葡萄酒高30.7%～34%,其中反式白藜芦醇含量显著高于赤霞珠葡萄酒,达到60%～70%;西部宁夏产区的葡萄酒白藜芦醇总量比东部天津蓟县产区的葡萄酒高10.9%;使用佳尼美德发酵罐比立式罐发酵的葡萄酒白藜芦醇总量高4.9%.     

如何能酿制出优质或高档葡萄酒(二)--部分酿酒工艺技术要点参考与探索

5 压榨红葡萄酒的优化处理5.1 对于带皮渣发酵后的压榨红葡萄酒,其整体质量和胶体状况通常较差,入口苦,后感涩,同时含有大量混浊胶体和从葡萄籽中浸榨出的劣质涩苦单宁及其它不希望存在的物质。在酒师的眼中,压榨酒如同鸡肋,“弃之可惜,食之无味”!—怎样合理的优化处理压榨酒,从而提升整体酒的水平和企业的经济效益,这曾经一度是世界各地的葡萄酒厂普遍存在和亟待解决的一大技术难题!5.2 目前,国外通过技术手段,即一种专门开发的专利技术产品—压榨红葡萄酒优化处理剂(PRZ),已基本解决了这一工艺技术难题。国内的河北沙城、山东烟台地…     

A fluorescent probe for colorimetric detection of bisulfite and application in sugar and red wine

Food Science and Biotechnology - A new fluorescent probe made from (E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl) acrylonitrile (Probe 1) was synthesized for the determination of...