RTM用乙烯基酯树脂化学流变性研究

研究了RTM用改性乙烯基酯树脂体系的化学流变行为。采用DTA热分析技术和黏度测量手段,研究了该树脂体系固化反应特性以及固化过程中温度-黏度的关系,根据树脂的化学反应流变特性,建立了树脂体系恒温条件下的双阿伦尼乌斯黏度模型。研究表明,模型对树脂恒温条件下其黏度的模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性。可揭示树脂体系在不同温度条件下的黏度变化规律,为合理制定RTM工艺参数、保证产品质量提供必要的科学依据。     

一种湿法缠绕用环氧树脂体系粘-温关系研究

HY-3是一种湿法缠绕用中温固化环氧树脂,通过等温粘度测试研究了该树脂在30,40,50及60℃下的流变特性。实验结果表明,树脂体系符合双阿累尼乌斯流变模型,根据所建立的模型确定了树脂体系适用于湿法缠绕的工艺条件。     

VARTM用EP体系流变特性及固化工艺的研究

研究了真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺用环氧树脂(EP)体系的流变特性,结合差示扫描量热(DSC)仪和旋转式粘度计对A1、A2、A3三种EP体系的测试结果,确定A2树脂体系适合于VARTM工艺,并根据双阿累尼乌斯方程,建立了A2树脂体系的流变模型。该模型可以预测树脂在不同温度下的粘度特性,为合理制定工艺参数提供了重要依据。用DSC仪对A2树脂体系的固化反应过程进行分析,利用外推法确定了固化工艺参数。     

苯并环丁烯封端的聚酰亚胺树脂的流变行为研究

用旋转流变仪研究了苯并环丁烯封端的聚酰亚胺树脂体系固化过程中的化学流变行为,用动态和静态两种方法分析了其固化过程,发现存在三个固化阶段,用Arrhenius方程确定了固化前的表观物理粘流活化能为195.9kJ/mol.并用Roller法确定固化反应过程中表现化学粘流活化能和表现固化反应活化能,分别为148.2kJ/mol和161.2kJ/mol.结果表明,在整个固化成型工艺温度范围内,苯并环丁烯封端的聚酰亚胺树脂的粘度特性符合Roller模型方程,通过该模型可较好地预测该树脂在固化过程中的粘度特性.     

聚醚砜/环氧树脂共混体系流变特性与固化性能的研究

环氧树脂是一种性能优良的热固性树脂,但是存在抗冲击性能差的缺点。聚醚砜(PES)是一种高性能热塑性树脂,与环氧树脂共混能够改善环氧树脂的韧性。系统研究了不同PES含量的PES/环氧树脂共混体系的流变特性和固化性能。通过对等温粘度曲线的数据拟合分析,建立了粘度模型,分析了PES对PES/环氧树脂共混体系粘度的影响机理,并通过DSC测试研究了PES对共混体系固化性能的影响。结果表明,PES在环氧树脂中的溶解过程可以引起共混体系粘度的波动,PES的引入缩短了PES/环氧树脂共混体系的凝胶时间,而且PES中的羟基对环氧树脂的固化具有促进作用。     

RTM用环氧树脂体系的流变性能研究

研究了RTM用酚醛环氧树脂体系的化学流变行为。采用示差扫描量热分析仪(DSC)考察了树脂体系的固化反应特性,通过流变仪研究了体系黏度与温度及时间的关系。基于树脂体系的化学流变特性,建立双Arrhenius黏度模型。研究表明,在恒温条件下,模型黏度的模拟值与实验结果具有良好的一致性。此模型可描述树脂体系在不同温度条件下的黏度变化趋势,为优化RTM工艺参数和保证产品质量提供了必要的技术基础和理论依据。     

真空辅助成型用不饱和树脂的粘度模型和流变特性分析

测试并分析了VARI用不饱和聚酯树脂DS326PT-1在动态升温及恒温条件下的粘度变化,建立了工程粘度模型,并通过该模型来预测适用于VARI(真空辅助成型工艺)的低粘度工艺窗口。实验数据表明,该粘度模型与实验结果吻合良好,可为VARI工艺过程的模拟与参数优化提供有效的参考数据。     

RTM专用低粘度环氧树脂体系的研究

研究了RTM专用的中温固化环氧树脂体系的粘度和力学特性，环氧711/聚酰胺651浇铸体的弯曲模量达2.63GPa，体系的粘度和力学性能都是满足RTM工艺要求的。     

氰酸酯树脂体系的流变特性研究

本文以改性RTM氰酸酯树脂体系流变特性为研究对象,深入研究了树脂体系的流变行为,建立了氰酸酯树脂在恒温和动态条件下的流变特性方程。研究表明,恒温条件和动态条件下的树脂流变行为符合Arrhen ius流变模型,模型计算结果与流变测试结果符合很好。本研究为氰酸酯树脂体系的成型工艺的制定和优化提供有力的依据。     

正丁基缩水甘油醚改性环氧树脂的性能及固化动力学

通过粘度、力学性能测试,示差扫描量热分析和热重分析研究了正丁基缩水甘油醚(501)对环氧树脂性能的影响,并研究了501/环氧树脂体系的固化反应动力学。结果表明,随着501用量的增加,体系的粘度显著降低,拉伸强度和耐热性有所下降,而弯曲强度先增加后降低,但仍有所提高。体系的恒温固化温度随501用量的增加逐渐降低,活化能也呈降低趋势,而反应级数均在0.93左右波动,501的添加对环氧树脂体系的固化反应机理没有明显影响。     

风机叶片用环氧树脂体系流变性能研究

本文对风机叶片用环氧树脂体系的流变性能进行了研究,在粘度实验的基础上,依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了与实验数据较为吻合的流变模型。结果表明,两种树脂体系的粘度随温度变化情况基本一致,在23～50℃范围内,其粘度都低于300mPa.s,且低粘度保持时间大于30min,符合风机叶片真空成型对树脂低粘度的要求。所建立的粘度模型可有效预测和模拟树脂体系在不同工艺条件下的粘度行为,揭示树脂体系的优化工艺参数和低粘度平台工艺窗口,为合理拟订工艺参数和保证产品质量提供必要的科学依据。     

VARTM用乙烯基树脂体系流变性能研究

通过测试凝胶时间与温度的关系,得到乙烯基树脂的表观活化能并进行了分析。在粘度实验的基础上,依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了与之相吻合的流变模型。结果表明:乙烯基树脂的凝胶时间随温度升高而缩短,其表观活化能仅有3.04 kJ/mol。乙烯基树脂低粘度状态持续时间>30 min,符合树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VAR-TM)对树脂低粘度的要求。最终建立的粘度模型,可有效预测和模拟树脂体系在不同工艺条件下的粘度行为。     

Effects of resin storage aging on rheological property and consolidation of composite laminates

The ability to predict the viscosity of thermoset resin is important to understand the manufacturing process of composites and optimize the processing parameters. During resin or prepreg storage course, the cure reaction may happen and the degree of cure increases gradually. The storage aging effect reduces the fluidity of resin, and hence alters the processability of resin. In this article, the rheological properties of an epoxy resin and a bismaleimide resin used in composite autoclave process were measured and a viscosity model was established, which can predict the viscosity progression during cure for different aging degree of resin. Moreover, a computer simulation method was used to study the effects of aging degree on the composite consolidation and the processing operations. It is found that the viscosity model of aged resin can be obtained by modified dual Arrhenius model of fresh resin with the dynamic rheological measurement. The resin aging strongly alters the flowability, so influences composite consolidation. According to the simulated results, the processing parameters need to be adjusted to achieve cured composites with appropriate fiber content. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

A new kinetic and viscosity model for liquid composite molding simulations in an industrial environment

Liquid composite molding is broadly used for manufacturing composite parts. Apart from the preforming of the dry fibrous material, mold filling and curing of the resin are the main steps in the manufacturing process. For process simulation numerical methods, like finite element methods are applied. Flow models describing the flow behavior through a porous medium are well established. The ability to predict and monitor the curing process in liquid composite molding is crucial for manufacturing process optimization in case of application of rapid curing resin systems. Based on differential scanning calorimetry and rheological experiments, cure kinetics and viscosity of a resin system were characterized. A new kinetic and complex viscosity model is proposed to predict epoxy resin properties in numerical modeling of liquid composite molding. The semi-empirical models are simple to use and therefore suitable for process optimization in an industrial environment. Both models were validated by a fitting to the experimental data by the Levenberg-Marquardt method. A process to determine the initial values for the fitting procedure is also proposed. The predictions of the validated models were in good agreement with the measured data, and are therefore applicable for numerical process optimization. Polym. Compos. 25:255–269, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

风电叶片VIMP用环氧树脂体系流变性能研究

对两种风机叶片真空导入模塑(VIMP)工艺用环氧树脂体系的流变性能进行了研究,在黏度实验的基础上,依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了与实验数据较为吻合的流变模型.结果表明,两种树脂体系的黏度变化略有差异,在25～ 55℃的范围内,其黏度都低于500 mPa·s,且低黏度保持时间大于30 min,符合风机叶片VIMP工艺对树脂低...     

A numerical model of the viscosity of an epoxy prepreg resin system

The development of the viscosity of a thermoset material during processing is complicated because of the dependence of the initial material state and the kinetic rate of conversion from a liquid to a solid material. Uncured thermoset materials typically have a low enough viscosity such that the consumption of energy to generate flow is relatively low. However, as the curing process advances, the flow mechanisms become hindered by the development of a network gel during crosslinking. Once the resin has reached the appropriate degree of cure for gelation, the resin system is incapable of large fluid-like deformations. In this research, the rheological properties of an epoxy resin system used in laminate processing were measured and numerically fit with a modification to the dual Arrhenius model to predict the progression of the viscosity during cure. The numerical results were compared with the experimental measurements, and it was found that the model predicts the experimental observations quite well. It was found that the initial degree of cure of the prepreg is not as significant a factor as the temperature rate dependence on the processing time between the point of flow onset and gelation. However, the minimum viscosity during processing is strongly influenced by the initial degree of cure of the prepreg system.     

Viscosity modeling of a medium reactive unsaturated polyester resin used for liquid composite molding process

The development of new composite product for an application through liquid composite molding (LCM) process simulation requires submodels describing the raw material characteristics. The viscosity during resin cure is the major submodel required for the effective simulation of mold-filling phase of LCM process. The viscosity of the resin system during mold filling changes as the cure reaction progresses. Applied process temperature also affects the viscosity of the resin system. Hence, a submodel describing the resin viscosity as a function of extent of cure and process temperature is required for the LCM process simulation. In this study, a correlation for viscosity during curing of medium reactive unsaturated polyester resin, which is mostly used for the LCM process, has been proposed as a function of temperature and degree of cure. The viscosity and the degree of cure of reacting resin system at different temperatures were measured by performing isothermal rheological and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry experiments, respectively. A nonlinear-regression analysis of viscosity and degree of cure data were performed to quantify the dependence of viscosity on temperature and extent of cure reaction. Comparisons of model solutions with our experimental data showed that the proposed empirical model is capable of capturing resin viscosity as a function of extent of cure and temperature qualitatively as well as quantitatively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

In situ flow state characterization of molten resin at the inner mold in injection molding

Online viscosity information on processing lines can reflect the material flow resistance and offer valuable guidance for manufacturing across various industries. Considering the accuracy, devices, and processes involved in injection molding, characterizing the melt's flow state during material processing poses a significant challenge. To reduce investment in viscometers, avoid influencing the components' surface aesthetics due to the installation of sensors, and make the flow state detect online in mold, this study designs a rheometric mold with cylindrical runners for identifying the in situ viscosity of molten resin during injection molding. The detection conditions of injection speed and cavity pressure variations, the entrance effect, and the viscous dissipation for Polycarbonate are analyzed under various conditions. The in situ viscosity is identified and compared with the standard cross-WLF model. The result shows that the melt velocity and cavity pressure variations during the filling process create a stable environment for in situ rheological characterization and the detected viscosity is related to the shear rate, melt temperature, and channel dimension in injection molding. The designed mold with cylindrical runners for determining the in situ thermal-rheological behavior of polymer is distinguished successfully and exhibits prospects for the development of low-cost, nondestructive, and inner-mold measurement in manufacturing applications.     

含氟活性稀释剂对环氧树脂流变性能的影响

为解决环氧树脂的高粘度给成型带来的困难,用NXS-11A型旋转粘度计研究了含氟活性稀释剂对环氧树脂体系的流变性能的影响。研究结果表明,含氟活性稀释剂/环氧树脂体系在常温(35℃)时为牛顿型流体;常温下,环氧树脂体系粘度随含氟活性稀释剂添加量的增加下降显著,当氟活性稀释剂添加6%时,其粘度约可下降50%;但温度较高时,粘度随含氟活性稀释剂添加量的增加下降缓慢。随着含氟活性稀释剂的增加,环氧树脂体系的流动活化能明显下降。