S-Clique：属性约束的极大团枚举

极大团枚举是图论中一个基础性研究问题,并被广泛应用到社交网络等各种领域。现实生活中的图数据不仅规模大,而且顶点上往往都带有重要的属性信息。然而当前极大团枚举算法主要关注图的结构特性,很大程度上忽视了顶点上的属性信息。提出一种结合图的结构特性和顶点属性的极大团S-Clique：各顶点属性值集合的交集的大小满足最小支持度的极大团,并提出了它的应用场景。针对S-Clique问题,提出一种有效求解算法SCE-PE,其充分利用父结点等价剪枝策略。同时重新优化顶点访问次序提出SCE-PES,进一步提高SCE-PE算法性能。实验结果表明,算法SCE-PES的效率较SCE-PE提高了40%左右。     

基于二部图模型的公交网络路径搜索算法

采用二部图模型描述公交网络,将公交站点和公交线路抽象为二部图中的两类顶点,用参照距离值度量站点间出行路径的长度。考虑换乘因素和距离因素对公交出行者路径选择行为的共同影响,在Dijkstra算法基础上,设计了公交网络最优路径搜索算法。引入迭代惩罚函数,将其进一步扩展为多路径搜索算法。通过算例验证了算法的有效性。     

无向图中连通支配集问题的精确算法

图◢G=（V,E）的一个支配集DV是一个顶点子集,使得图中每一个顶点要么在D中,要么至少与D中的一个顶点相连。连通支配集问题是找到一个顶点数最小的支配集S,并且S的导出子图G［S］是连通图。◣该问题是一个经典的NP难问题,可应用于连通设施选址、自适应网络等领域。针对无向图中连通支配集问题,仔细分析该问题的图结构性质,挖掘出若干有效的约简规则和分支规则,设计了一个分支搜索算法,并采用了测量治之方法分析算法的运行时间,最终得到了一个运行时间复杂◢度为O*△（1.93n△）的精确◣算法。     

一个大规模股市图交互式可视化分析系统

随着物联网、移动互联网、云计算以及各种数据自动采集技术的迅猛发展,许多领域迅速积累了大量具有图结构的可用数据。其中一个重要的图应用是股市图。如何分析股市图达到合理充分的投资决策支持一直是一个重要的课题。其中极大团(Maximal Clique)分析是分析股市图的一个重要方法。股市图的规模庞大,传统的极大团枚举算法仅仅罗列图中所有的极大团。但一个图中可以有指数级数量的极大团,而一支股票对应的点可以参与到任意多的极大团中。因此,传统的极大团枚举算法不能直接有效支持股市图分析。本文提出一个支持快速选择、自动分组及导航浏览三种股市图交互式可视化操作的大规模股市图分析系统。根据用户感兴趣的股市图节点,这三种股市图交互式可视化操作从股市图中快速枚举出与这些特定股票相关的极大团、查看这些特定股票之间的组合关系以及显示与这些特定股票相关的其他股票,是有效支持股市图分析的必要手段。同时基于对某些特定顶点或边相关的极大团枚举的需求,本文提出了从图中枚举出与特定顶点或边相关的极大团算法。我们使用真实数据验证了本文提出的算法的优越性。     

低度图的最大团求解算法

在图的最大团问题中,当图的顶点数不大于阈值m时,很容易求解其最大团问题,求解算法的时间复杂度为O(d)。给出一种求解低度图的最大团的确定性算法。该算法通过对图按顶点逐步分解实现分别计算,较好地解决低度图的最大团问题。算法时间复杂度为O(d•n3)。其中,n表示图的顶点数,图中顶点的最大度小于m或者图可以通过逐个删除度小于m的顶点而使所有顶点的度都小于m。     

求解互补问题的极大熵和声搜索算法*

针对传统算法无法获得互补问题的多个最优解的困难, 提出了求解互补问题的和声搜索算法。利用NCP函数, 将互补问题转换为一个非光滑方程组问题,用极大熵函数对其进行光滑换处理,进而把互补问题的求解转化为无约束优化,利用和声搜索算法对其进行求解。该算法对目标函数的解析性质没有要求且容易实现,数值结果表明了该方法在求解互补问题中的有效性。     

基于贪婪局部路径重连的随机并行社区检测

为提高社区检测的效率与精度,提出一种随机并行的局部搜索算法。用图模型结构表示复杂系统,将顶点划分成簇。构建贪婪随机自适应搜索过程与路径重连过程,以解决加权图的模块最大化问题。引入一种{0,1}矩阵类特征并定义聚类的距离函数,从而进行顶点的邻域搜索,实现社区的高精度检测识别。实验结果表明,该算法的F_1值与NMI指标值均较高。     

最大团问题的改进蚁群算法求解

为了更好的解决最大团问题,提出一种改进的蚁群算法。通过提取图的顶点信息,将图用信息素模型来表示;根据最大团问题的约束条件利用蚁群构造极大团,并进行实时的全局信息素更新和局部信息素更新,直到找到最大团。实验结果表明,算法能较好的实现最大团问题,算法性能高于通用的蚁群算法。     

基于最大权团的曲面粗匹配算法

提出一种将曲面匹配问题转化为图论中的最大权团搜索问题、将最优的点对应关系用最大权团表示的曲面粗匹配算法,该算法分为点匹配、点对应图构造和最大权团生成等3个阶段.点匹配使用高曲率点和均匀采样点作为候选点,通过自旋图进行匹配计算,构造初始点对应集合;点对应图构造使用距离约束、法矢约束和唯一性约束构造图的边,并使用自旋图相关系数为顶点赋权值;最大权团生成使用基于分支限界的团搜索算法,从对应点图中提取出代表最优对应的最大权团.实验结果表明,文中算法稳定、有效、可扩展,能够进行部分曲面匹配,并且适用于欠特征曲面.     

极大熵和声搜索算法求解多目标优化*

给出了求解多目标优化问题的一个新算法。首先利用极大熵函数,将多目标优化问题转换为一个单目标优化问题;然后利用和声搜索算法对其进行求解,进而得到多目标优化问题的有效解。该算法对目标函数的解析性质没有要求且容易实现,数值结果表明了该方法是有效的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.