介孔Cr(OH)_3的制备及其对钒(Ⅴ)离子的吸附性能

以CrCl_3·6H_2O作为铬源,通过添加强碱制备出大比表面积(312.70 m~2·g~(-1))、高孔隙率(0.48 cm~3·g~(-1))的介孔Cr(OH)_3,并研究了其对溶液中钒(V)离子的吸附性能,考察了溶液pH、吸附剂用量、吸附温度、吸附时间等条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液pH在2.0~9.0、钒离子浓度为100~500 mg·L~(-1)时,采用该吸附剂均可实现溶液中钒离子的高效去除。在最优实验条件下,钒去除率接近100%,钒离子浓度可由500 mg·L~(-1)降至0.81 mg·L~(-1)。吸附热力学的研究结果表明,Cr(OH)_3对钒离子的吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温吸附;吸附过程符合拟二级反应动力学方程,反应级数为拟二级。     

焙烧温度对Ni/ZnO/Al2 O3深度吸附脱除苯中噻吩性能的影响

采用固相法及尿素沉淀法分别制备Ni O和ZnO,以ω(ZnO)∶ω(Ni O)∶ω(Al_2O_3)=0.3∶1∶1混涅成型制备脱硫吸附剂,考察焙烧温度对吸附剂选择性吸附脱除苯中微量噻吩硫化物的影响,并采用XRD、H_2-TPR和BET等对吸附剂进行表征。结果表明,前驱体的焙烧温度对吸附剂晶体结构和脱硫性能影响显著,焙烧温度500℃时,吸附剂表面活性位及与载体的相互作用适中,吸附脱硫效果最好。在185℃和1.5 MPa吸附条件下,以含噻吩100 mg·L~(-1)的苯为原料,吸附剂动态饱和吸附硫容量可达18.4 mg·g~(-1),吸附后苯中噻吩浓度不高于0.010 mg·L~(-1),表明制备的吸附剂具有较好的吸附脱硫应用前景。     

Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的CO_2-TPD表征

Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂是甲烷二氧化碳重整反应制取合成气研究最多、最具应用潜力的一种催化剂。通过对催化剂进行CO_2-TPD研究,考察还原态Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的CO_2脱附特性。结果表明,浸渍法制备的Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂CO_2脱附曲线呈现双峰,分别在(60~65)℃和(350~380)℃出现高低温两个活性位;高温CO_2吸附量为3.0 cm~3·g~(-1),低温CO_2吸附量为24.0 cm~3·g~(-1)。催化剂的CO_2吸附量与其Ni含量无关。考察选用不同载体的CO_2脱附行为,发现以Al_2O_3为载体的催化剂CO_2吸附量是MgO和SiO_2为载体催化剂的2~4倍,以TiO_2为载体的催化剂几乎不吸附CO_2。     

Ce修饰Na Y分子筛负载PdO纳米晶催化剂用于苯的催化氧化反应

以CeO_2修饰多孔NaY分子筛作为载体,采用高温液相还原法制备纳米晶PdO催化剂,用于低浓度苯催化氧化反应。采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜-能谱(HRTEM-EDS)、H2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、O_2程序升温脱附(O_2-TPD)和程序升温表面反应(TPSR)等对载体和催化剂进行表征。结果表明,NaY分子筛结构稳定,比表面积651 m~2·g~(-1)和孔容0. 326 cm~3·g~(-1),纳米晶PdO能够较均匀地分散在NaY载体上,颗粒尺寸约(3～5) nm。加入一定量CeO_2后,Pd O以较小的纳米晶颗粒形式分散在CeO_2周围,活性组分与助剂协同作用促进了催化剂中晶格氧的流动性,明显改善了0. 2%Pd/NaY的氧化性能。0. 2%Pd/8%Ce/NaY表现出最佳催化活性和良好稳定性,250℃可完全催化降解1000×10~(-6)的苯,并且230℃连续反应100 h,催化剂转化率稳定在86%。     

十二烷基聚氧丙烯醚-9硫酸钠@Al_2O_3新型吸附剂对阿伏苯宗的吸附增溶

延展型表面活性剂的吸附增溶特性在日用化学品及药物传送体系中具有应用潜能。研究合成了一种e-表面活性剂十二烷基聚氧丙烯醚-9硫酸钠(C_(12)P_9S)并用FTIR和1H NMR表征其结构。测得其表面张力为32 m N·m~(-1),CMC为0.18 mmol·L~(-1),饱和吸附量为0.95μmol·m~(-2)以及表面最小分子吸附面积为174?~2,因此比十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)具有更高的表面活性,且因其PPO链而在各种界面上占据更大的分子吸附面积。以微米级Al_2O_3为吸附剂,通过吸附法分别制备了C_(12)P_9S@Al_2O_3和SDS@Al_2O_3两种改性吸附剂,测得C_(12)P_9S和SDS在Al_2O_3上的吸附量分别为0.168 mmol·g~(-1)和0.218 mmol·g~(-1);对化妆品中常用防晒剂阿伏苯宗(Ab)进行吸附增溶对比,结果表明C_(12)P_9S@Al_2O_3上Ab的吸附增溶量达到1223 g·mol~(-1),显著高于SDS@Al_2O_3的874 g·mol~(-1),表明C_(12)P_9S分子中PPO链有独特的吸附增溶贡献,因此e-表面活性剂具有在防晒产品中应用的潜能。     

Co3O4电极材料的制备及其电容性能研究

采用水热法,通过控制反应时间制备出不同形貌和尺寸的Co_3O_4材料。利用XRD和SEM对其结构和形貌进行表征,采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗等方法测试了其电化学性能。结果表明,随着反应时间的延长, Co_3O_4材料的晶粒尺寸增大,形貌由不规则颗粒状变为正立方体,其比电容不断降低。在电流密度为0.2 A·g~(-1)时,反应5 h、 10 h和15 h所制备的Co_3O_4材料的比电容值分别为153.3 F·g~(-1)、 99.3F·g~(-1)和51.1 F·g~(-1)。当电流密度从0.2 A·g~(-1)增大到1.8 A·g~(-1)时,反应5 h、 10 h和15 h所制备的Co_3O_4材料的比电容值分别为96.3 F·g~(-1)、 91.3 F·g~(-1)和27.1 F·g~(-1),其比电容保持率分别为62.8%、 91.9%和53.0%。水热反应5 h所制备的Co_3O_4材料具有最好的比电容。     

干法制备高中孔率生物质成型活性炭

以锯末为原料,氯化锌为活化剂,不添加黏结剂,采用干法混合后直接成型活化制备高中孔率生物质成型活性炭。为考察这种工艺的可行性,通过单因素实验,以亚甲基蓝吸附值为评价指标,考察了盐料比、活化温度、活化时间与成型密度对生物质成型活性炭吸附性能的影响,得出较优工艺条件为:盐料比1.0:1,活化温度950℃,活化时间为60 min,成型密度为1.4 g·cm~(-3)。在此工艺条件下制备得到的生物质成型活性炭,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为387 mg·g~(-1),BET比表面积为2104 m~2·g~(-1),平均孔径为3.11 nm,总孔容为1.63 cm~3·g~(-1),中孔孔容为1.17cm~3·g~(-1),中孔率高达71.8%,初步证明了干法制备高中孔率生物质成型活性炭工艺的可行性。     

Cu(NO_3)_2浸渍改性活性炭吸附剂的制备及其脱硫性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了Cu(NO_3)_2改性的活性炭吸附剂,以低浓度硫化氢和氮气混合气为模拟原料气,在固定吸附床上考察了吸附剂制备条件对脱除硫化氢性能的影响。结果表明,浸渍Cu(NO_3)_2能有效改善活性炭对硫化氢的吸附脱硫能力,在Cu(NO_3)_2浸渍浓度为5(wt)%、浸渍时间24h、焙烧温度300℃的条件下,制备的改性活性炭吸附脱硫效果最佳,饱和硫容和脱硫率分别达到55.4 mg·g~(-1)和98.92%,饱和硫容比未经改性的活性炭提高了38.2 mg·g~(-1)。     

制备工艺对淀粉基碳分子筛性能的影响

以淀粉为碳源,F127为结构导向剂,通过KOH活化一步合成法制备系列碳分子筛,采用SEM、TG、FT-IR和N_2吸附-脱附等技术对原料和碳分子筛样品的结构、表面官能团和性能进行表征。结果表明,温度、F127与淀粉添加质量比和KOH浓度对碳分子筛样品的孔隙结构性能影响显著。在KOH浓度为0.75 mol·L~(-1)、m(F127)∶m(淀粉)=4∶3、搅拌时间12 h和反应温度45℃时制备的碳分子筛孔径分布集中,BET比表面积达1 228.972 5 m~2·g~(-1),单点孔容0.807 113 cm~3·g~(-1),单点微孔体积0.636 869 cm~3·g~(-1)。     

致密型镍钴双金属氧化物 电极制备及电容性能研究

本文探究了不同形貌的3种镍钴双金属氧化物,包括SW-NiCo_2O_4(自编织状)、NN-NiCo_2O_4(纳米针状)以及C-NiCo_2O_4(纳米片状),最终筛选出具有高负载量致密型电极-SW-NiCo_2O_4。这种自编织结构能够有效解决当活性物质增加时电容性能衰减问题,这对于储能设备性能提高十分重要,也是当前储能领域中的一项挑战。通过对比可知,NN-NiCo_2O_4的负载量最高,较其它两者分别提高了近2倍和5倍,为5.24mg·cm~(-2)。电化学测试显示3种样品的质量比电容依次为:773F·g~(-1)(NN-NiCo_2O_4)、685F·g~(-1)(SW-NiCo_2O_4)和232F·g~(-1)(CNiCo_2O_4),说明活性物质负载量的增加有利于电极材料比电容的提高。然而,SW-NiCo_2O_4拥有更加优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性,分别为89.1%(1～20A·g~(-1))和85%(0.5A·g~(-1), 5000圈)。分析认为,自编织状多孔道结构的NiCo_2O_4更加适用于制备致密型高密度电容器,进而拓宽了镍钴双金属氧化物在超级电容器中的应用前景。     

聚酰胺接枝纤维素的合成及对金属离子的吸附性能

以葡萄秸秆为原料提取纤维素,以环氧树脂为交联剂,将聚酰胺交联到纤维素上制得聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂。测定聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂对Co2+和Fe2+的吸附性能,并研究环氧树脂用量、反应温度和吸附平衡时间对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当反应温度25℃、吸附平衡时间60 min和m(聚酰胺)∶m(葡萄纤维素)∶m(环氧树脂)=2∶1∶1.5时,制备的聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂的吸附性能最好。聚酰胺-葡萄纤维素吸附剂对Co2+和Fe2+的吸附均在60 min后达到平衡,Fe2+和Co2+的最大吸附容量分别为22.40 mg·g-1和16.82 mg·g-1。     

污泥含炭吸附剂的制备及其吸附模拟烟气中汞蒸汽的应用(英文)

The carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared from mixtures of dewatered sludge and sawdust with enhanced ZnCl2 chemical activation.Characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using scanning electron microscope(SEM) ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) ,and adsorption of nitrogen.The surface analysis showed that the carbonaceous adsorbent had good specific surface and porosity(394 m 2 ·g-1of BET surface,0.12 and 0.10 ml·g-1of microporous and mesoporous volume,respectively) .The oxygen functional groups such as OH,C O and C O were found on the surface by FTIR and XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) .The adsorption of elemental mercury(Hg0) on the carbonaceous adsorbent was studied in a fixed bed reactor.The dynamic adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent increased with influent mercury concentration,from 23.6μg·g-1at 12.58μg·m-3to 87.9μg·g-1at 72.50μg·m-3,and decreased as the adsorption temperature increased,from 246 μg·g-1 at 25°C to 61.3μg·g-1 at 140°C,when dry nitrogen was used as the carrier gas.The carbonaceous adsorbent presented higher dynamic adsorption capacity than activated carbon,which was 81.2μg·g-1and 53.8μg·g-1respectively.The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model.The physical and chemical adsorption were identified on the adsorbent.     

聚丙烯酸钠包覆Fe3O4磁性交联聚合物的制备及其对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

采用溶液分散聚合和Ca²⁺表面交联制备了聚丙烯酸钠包覆Fe₃O₄的磁性交联聚合物（CPAANa@Fe₃O₄）,对其进行了XRD、FT-IR、SEM和TGA等表征。以CPAANa@Fe₃O₄为吸附剂研究了CPAANa@Fe₃O₄对水溶液中Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的静态吸附,考察了溶液pH、吸附剂投加量、金属离子初始浓度对吸附的影响。结果表明：CPAANa@Fe₃O₄在pH 2～6范围内均具有较好的吸附性能,当吸附剂投加量分别为1.0 g·L^-1和1.6 g·L^-1时对初始浓度分别为200 mg·L^-1的Pb²⁺和100 mg·L^-1的Cd²⁺的去除率达到最大,可使Pb²⁺实现达标排放（GB 8978-1996）;CPAANa@Fe₃O₄对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附动力学符合准二级模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的最大吸附量分别为454.55 mg·g^-1和275.48 mg·g^-1。将CPAANa@Fe₃O₄用于处理实际电解矿浆废水,发现能有效吸附其中的Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺,具有潜在实用价值。     

Superior adsorption performance of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for both cationic and anionic heavy metals from wastewater

Water pollution caused by highly toxic Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI) is a serious problem. In the present work,a green and low-cost adsorbent of g-C_3N_4 nanosheets was developed with superior capacity for both cationic and anionic heavy metals. The adsorbent was easily fabricated through one-step calcination of guanidine hydrochloride with thickness less than 1.6 nm and specific surface area of 111.2 m~2·g~(-1). Kinetic and isotherm studies suggest that the adsorption is an endothermic chemisorption process, occurring on the energetically heterogeneous surface based on a hybrid mechanism of multilayer and monolayer adsorption. The tri-s-triazine units and surface N-containing groups of g-C_3N_4 nanosheets are proposed to be responsible for the adsorption process.Further study on pH demonstrates that electrostatic interaction plays an important role. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI) on g-C_3N_4 nanosheets is 123.205 mg·g~(-1), 136.571 mg·g~(-1),and 684.451 mg·g~(-1), respectively. The better adsorption performance of the adsorbent than that of the recently reported nanomaterials and low-cost adsorbents proves its great application potential in the removal of heavy metal contaminants from wastewater. The present paper developed a promising adsorbent which will certainly find applications in wastewater treatment and also provides guiding significance in designing adsorption processes.     

From pollutant to solution of wastewater pollution: Synthesis of activated carbon from textile sludge for dye adsorption

Adsorption is an important process in wastewater treatment,and conversion of waste materials to adsorbent offers a solution to high material cost related to the use of commercial activated carbon.This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Reactive Black 5(RB5)and methylene blue(MB)onto activated carbon produced from textile sludge(TSAC).The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation of precursor followed with carbonization at 650°C under nitrogen flow.Effects of time(0–200 min),pH(2–10),temperature(25–60°C),initial dye concentration(0–200 mg·L~(-1)),and adsorbent dosage(0.01–0.15 g)on dye removal efficiency were investigated.Preliminary screening revealed that TSAC synthesized via H_2SO_4activation showed higher adsorption behaviour than TSAC activated by KCl and ZnCl_2.The adsorption capacity of TSAC was found to be 11.98 mg·g~(-1)(RB5)and 13.27 mg·g~(-1)(MB),and is dependent on adsorption time and initial dye concentration.The adsorption data for both dyes were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model which explains the heterogeneous nature of TSAC surface.The dye adsorption obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model,thus chemisorption was the controlling step.This study reveals potential of textile sludge in removal of dyes from aqueous solution,and further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of waste water containing toxic dyes from textile industry.     

Static and dynamic adsorption of fluoride using La(Ⅲ)-loaded chitosan beads crosslinked with EGDE

利用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)替代戊二醛对壳聚糖微球进行交联,然后负载稀土镧离子La(Ⅲ),制备得到新型的除氟剂（CEB-La）。研究了CEB-La对F^-的静态和动态吸附性能。静态吸附实验结果表明：该除氟剂的静态吸附条件为pH7.0、温度50℃、吸附时间60 min、振荡频率120 r·min^-1;当CEB-La用量3 g·L^-1时,对浓度10 mg·L^-1含氟水的除氟率可达92.9%;CEB-La对F^-的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线,饱和吸附容量为25.7 mg·g^-1;拟二级动力学方程能较好地描述CEB-La对F^-的吸附动力学过程;CEB-La吸附饱和后,经NaOH溶液处理后再与镧离子螯合,可有效再生;共存阴离子特别是CO ^{2 -}₃ 和HCO^-₃对CEB-La的除氟性能有不利影响。动态吸附实验结果表明：进水流量3 ml·min^-1时,CEB-La适于处理F^-浓度2～15 mg·L^-1的含氟水;利用Thomas模型可较好地描述CEB-La对F^-的动态吸附特征,动态饱和吸附容量为3.67 mg·g^-1。因此,CEB-La的除氟性能优越,再生方法简单,使用成本较低,具有较好的应用前景。     

PAN-H1.6Mn1.6O4锂离子筛膜的制备及在卤水中吸附性能

采用亲水的PAN为成膜材料,制备了掺杂H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄的PAN-H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄锂离子筛膜。通过SEM、Li⁺静态吸附实验、（NH₄）₂S₂O₈对锂的洗脱实验和卤水中吸附实验,研究了锂离子筛的添加量对PAN-H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄锂离子筛膜结构、Li⁺吸附-洗脱性能的影响。结果表明,PAN浓度为10%（质量）,H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄的添加量为50%（质量）时,PAN-H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄离子筛膜的吸附量为17.45 mg·g^-1,达到粉末状吸附量的88.0%。以（NH₄）₂S₂O₈为洗脱剂,当浓度为0.3 mol·L^-1、液固比为600:1、时间为12 h时,锂洗脱量为17.23 mg·g^-1,锰溶损率仅为1.14%。在含有Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺的罗布泊老卤卤水中,锂离子筛膜对Li⁺有很高的选择性。在卤水中进行10次吸附与解吸循环,吸附量从11.64 mg·g^-1下降到10.94 mg·g^-1,吸附容量仅损失6.0%。总体结果表明亲水性载体对H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄吸附容量影响较小,温和的洗脱剂对锂离子筛膜的化学稳定性有利。     

高活性氧化镁的制备及其对铅离子吸附性能

以工业氢氧化镁为原料,采用水热-煅烧法和碳化-煅烧法制备氧化镁。前者将原料氢氧化镁通过水热制备六角片状氢氧化镁,再在适当温度下煅烧氢氧化镁得到活性氧化镁;后者是先用CO₂将Mg（OH）₂转化成片层花状碱式碳酸镁或三水碳酸镁晶须作为前驱体,通过煅烧得到高活性的氧化镁。研究了前驱体、煅烧温度和煅烧时间等条件对MgO活性的影响,结果表明,以MgCO₃·3H₂O晶须制备的MgO表现出优异的活性,其柠檬酸值为8.45 s,吸碘值为262.14 mg·g^-1。研究了制备的活性MgO对Pb²⁺的吸附性能,显示出其对Pb²⁺具有良好的吸附作用,饱和吸附量达到364 mg·g^-1,其过程符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯对Cu2+的吸附行为

为了提高氧化石墨烯(GO)的吸附能力和分离效果,采用恒温搅拌法和水热法制备磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯(M-T-GO)复合吸附剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和透射电镜(TEM)测试方法对其进行表征,并对M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的pH、吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学进行研究。结果表明,M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的吸附符合二级反应动力学和Langmuir吸附等温式描述,吸附反应为自发吸热过程,饱和吸附量为245.09 mg·g^-1,同时具有快速分离和易再生的优点。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)推测M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的吸附机理,结果表明M-T-GO主要通过螯合作用和静电引力对Cu²⁺进行吸附。     

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of acid scarlet 3R adsorption onto low-cost adsorbent developed from sludge and straw简

A low-cost adsorbent was prepared from sludge and straw by pyrolysis in a dried state with the surface area of the adsorbent of 829.49 ma. g-l, micropore volume of 0.176 cm2·g-1 and average pore radius of 5.0 nm. The kinetic, equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamic characteristics of trisodium 1-（1-naphthylazo）-2-hydroxynaphthalene- 4＇,6,8-trisulphonate （acid scarlet 3R） onto the adsorbent from sludge and straw were investigated. The results indicated that the pseudo second order adsorption was the predominant adsorption mechanism of acid scarlet 3R. Thus, the adsorption phenomenon was suggested as a chemical process. The adsorption data were fitted better with Langmuir model than Freundlich model, indicating that the adsorption of acid scarlet 3R belonged to the monolayer adsorption and mainly occurred in micropores.