一种回热回质循环吸附式制冷系统的仿真

吸附式制冷常采用回热回质循环来提升系统性能。研究了一种采用串联回热和类回质方式的回热回质循环吸附式制冷系统,并对其进行仿真。系统的主要部件(含作为储液器的蒸发器)采用3层换热法建立数学模型。仿真结果表明,随着制冷时间的延长,系统性能系数(COP)单调增大,单位质量制冷量(SCP)单调减小。随着回热时间的延长,COP和SCP是先增大后减小,最佳的回热时间为10s。随着回质时间的延长,COP和SCP波动性下降,回质过程未提高系统性能。COP和SCP随着热水、冷冻水温度的升高以及冷却水温度的下降而增大。热水温度对SCP以及冷冻水、冷却水温度对COP和SCP的影响,呈现线性变化,而热水温度对COP的影响呈现二次变化。     

基于多功能热管的高效吸附式制冰机组回质回热实验研究

设计了一种基于多功能热管的高效吸附式制冰机组,采用氯化钙/活性炭复合吸附剂和氨作为吸附工质对。吸附床的加热解吸、冷却吸附及回热过程均由热管工作完成,对该新型吸附制冰机组进行了回质回热研究,结果表明,回质回热型循环可使机组的制冷性能系数COP提高25.5 %,加热量减小约13 %,同时冷却器负荷降低约21 %;采用先回质后回热方式,在回质过程中继续加热解吸床可进一步增加机组制冰量。与传统回质相比,系统COP和单位质量吸附剂制冷功率SCP提高幅度均在15 %以上,且机组SCP的提高幅度高于COP的幅度;吸附制冰机组性能随冷却水温度的升高而下降,但系统的SCP始终维持在较高的水平。当冷却水温度为27℃、蒸发温度为-18.9℃时,系统的SCP仍然高达356.5 W·kg-1。     

回质回热吸附式制冷循环的热力学分析与方案优选

吸附式制冷是一种能利用低品位热能的节能环保的制冷方式。在空调工况下,硅胶-水回质回热系统应用最多。为了解在特定工况下选择何种循环能提升系统性能,应用热力学第一与第二定律评价指标分析了基本循环、回质循环、回质回热循环的COP、?效率、循环熵产。分析表明,回质循环存在推荐最高热源温度和最优热源温度,回质回热循环存在推荐最低热源温度和最优热源温度。例如对于典型夏季空调工况热源温度90℃、蒸发温度10℃、冷凝温度40℃,回质循环的推荐最高热源温度为93℃,高于实际热源温度90℃,选用回质循环更合适而非回质回热循环。最后,对制冷机组的分析表明给出的方法和推荐工作温度区间能针对实际系统给出方案优选和系统控制的指导性建议。     

回质回热吸附式制冷循环的热力学分析与方案优选

吸附式制冷是一种能利用低品位热能的节能环保的制冷方式。在空调工况下,硅胶-水回质回热系统应用最多。为了解在特定工况下选择何种循环能提升系统性能,应用热力学第一与第二定律评价指标分析了基本循环、回质循环、回质回热循环的COP、(火用)效率、循环熵产。分析表明,回质循环存在推荐最高热源温度和最优热源温度,回质回热循环存在推荐最低热源温度和最优热源温度。例如对于典型夏季空调工况热源温度90℃、蒸发温度10℃、冷凝温度40℃,回质循环的推荐最高热源温度为93℃,高于实际热源温度90℃,选用回质循环更合适而非回质回热循环。最后,对制冷机组的分析表明给出的方法和推荐工作温度区间能针对实际系统给出方案优选和系统控制的指导性建议。     

CO2跨临界水-水热泵系统模拟与实验对比分析

为了分析CO_2跨临界水-水热泵系统性能,建立了数学模型,并进行实验研究,对系统性能进行模拟计算,并与实验值做了对比。分析了高压压力、冷却水和冷冻水的进口温度和流量对系统制冷性能系数COP和制热性能系数COP_h的影响。结果表明:模拟值和实验值的一致性较好,从而验证了模型的准确性;系统的性能系数COP/COP_h随着高压压力的增加先增大后缓慢下降;COP/COP_h随着冷却水进口温度的升高而降低,随着冷冻水进口温度的升高而增大;随着冷却水流量和冷冻水流量的增大,COP/COP_h呈现上升趋势。     

复合交变热管复合吸附渔船制冰机的循环特性

研制了一种可以采用渔船柴油发动机余热加热的以复合吸附剂（CaCl₂和活性炭）-氨为工质对的吸附式渔船制冰机.由于采用了复合交变分离热管原理,吸附制冰机解决了用海水直接冷却吸附床带来的腐蚀等问题.建立了小型渔船吸附制冰机试验装置,每个吸附床的复合吸附剂的质量为2.35 kg.试验研究表明,在两床循环中采用回热回质过程系统的制冷功率提高约103.8%,制冷系数（COP）提高了约为100%.在采用回热回质的条件下,制冰工况所得到的单位质量的氯化钙的制冷功率（SCP）约为281.9～712.8 W•kg^-1,相对于目前国内外的研究成果,提高了1.4～3.5倍.     

固体吸附式制冷系统制冷剂的解吸特性

搭建了以活性炭-甲醇为工质对的单床吸附式制冷实验系统,对圆柱形吸附管内的吸附剂在不同解吸温度和不同解吸时间条件下的解吸量进行实验研究。解吸温度分别为84、89、94℃,解吸时间分别为4、5、6、7 h。实验结果表明,解吸温度、解吸时间和制冷剂的解吸量对吸附式制冷系统制冷循环性能有着重要影响。在热源温度为84℃加热时间4 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最小为0.053。系统在解吸温度为94℃,解吸时间为6 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最大为0.19,此时的解吸温度和解吸时间为最佳解吸温度和解吸时间。继续增加解吸时间,解吸量的增长率小于耗能的增长率,COP减小。     

固体吸附式制冷系统制冷剂的解吸特性

搭建了以活性炭-甲醇为工质对的单床吸附式制冷实验系统,对圆柱形吸附管内的吸附剂在不同解吸温度和不同解吸时间条件下的解吸量进行实验研究。解吸温度分别为84、89、94℃,解吸时间分别为4、5、6、7 h。实验结果表明,解吸温度、解吸时间和制冷剂的解吸量对吸附式制冷系统制冷循环性能有着重要影响。在热源温度为84℃加热时间4 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最小为0.053。系统在解吸温度为94℃,解吸时间为6 h时,系统的制冷性能系数COP最大为0.19,此时的解吸温度和解吸时间为最佳解吸温度和解吸时间。继续增加解吸时间,解吸量的增长率小于耗能的增长率,COP减小。     

采用固化复合吸附剂的热化学吸附式低温冷冻系统的性能

设计了一种以氯化锰-氨为吸附工质对的热化学吸附式低温冷冻系统,利用膨胀石墨的多孔特性作为复合反应物的添加剂来提高吸附剂的传质性能,同时采用压块固化技术以提高吸附剂的传热性能。实验结果表明,膨胀石墨的添加有效防止了吸附剂的结块和吸附性能的衰减,复合吸附剂吸附量高达0.47 kg NH₃•（kg salt）^-1;吸附剂与制冷剂之间的化学反应对反应器温度的变化有较大影响,蒸发温度不同导致吸附剂的吸附平台温度不同,且蒸发温度越低,吸附剂吸附合成反应速率越低;当蒸发温度从-35℃上升到0℃时,单位质量吸附剂制冷功率SCP（specific cooling power）从206 W•kg^-1增大到706 W•kg^-1。冷却水温度为25℃、蒸发温度为-30℃时,采用该固化复合吸附剂的吸附式低温冷冻系统SCP和COP分别高达350 W•kg^-1和0.34。     

采用SrCl2-NH4Cl-NH3工质对的二级吸附式冷冻循环性能

吸附式制冷是一种绿色环保节能的制冷技术,在低于100℃的低品位热能如废热能、太阳能等的利用方面具有广阔的发展前景。为了能够利用这部分的能源,提出了由吸附制冷过程与再吸附过程组成的二级吸附式制冷循环。采用SrCl₂-NH₄Cl-NH₃作为工质对,测试不同蒸发温度与冷却温度下吸附剂的吸附与解吸性能。实验测试结果表明：当热源温度为70℃时,二级吸附式制冷也能够实现-25℃下的冷量输出。在测试工况下,氯化锶的最大吸附量达到了理论吸附量的94%。80℃热源、25℃冷源以及-25℃制冷条件下二级吸附式制冷循环的COP和SCP达到了0.250与160 W·kg^-1。这个数值与CaCl₂-BaCl₂-NH₃两级冷冻在85℃驱动热源以及同等的冷源与制冷温度条件下的数据相对比,驱动热源需求降低了5℃,COP提高了4%,SCP提高了10%以上。     

连续回热型吸附式空调/热泵循环特性与动态性能(Ⅱ)结果与讨论

根据非平衡吸附条件下系统的动态方程计算了系统各参数的动态变化规律 ,并与实验值进行了对比 ,验证了理论模型的正确性 ,同时通过计算确定了吸附床传热系数、吸附床滞留传热介质量、吸附床加热与冷却介质热容、热源温度、冷却水温度、循环周期等对连续回热型吸附式空调 /热泵系统运行 p -t-x图的影响以及它们对系统运行SCP与COP的影响 ,分析了产生这些影响的机理 ,为该类机型的优化设计与运行奠定了基础     

INFLUENCE OF DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF A TWO-STAGE ADSORPTION CHILLER

This article aims at clarifying the possible design and operating conditions for silica gel-water adsorption refrigeration cycles driven by near-ambient temperature waste heat sources (between 45 and 75°C) with relatively small regenerating temperature lifts (15 to 45 K). A two-stage silica gel-water advanced adsorption chiller is introduced and a simulation model of the chiller was developed to analyze the influence of operating and design conditions on the system performance (coefficient of performance, COP, and cooling capacity). It was hypothesized that the proposed chiller can be driven by low temperature waste heat at 55°C to produce effective cooling. Simulation results show that the operating conditions such as cycle time and hot and cooling water inlet temperature have an influential effect on cooling capacity and COP. COP is proportional to cycle time and heat transfer coefficient as well as inversely proportional to the cooling water inlet temperature, while there are optimum values of hot water temperature and silica gel weight for maximum COP. Cooling capacity mainly improves with the addition of silica gel weight and decreases as cooling water temperature increases. Simulation results also revealed that the system performance can be improved significantly by setting the design and operating conditions optimally.     

INFLUENCE OF DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF A TWO-STAGE ADSORPTION CHILLER

This article aims at clarifying the possible design and operating conditions for silica gel-water adsorption refrigeration cycles driven by near-ambient temperature waste heat sources (between 45 and 75°C) with relatively small regenerating temperature lifts (15 to 45 K). A two-stage silica gel-water advanced adsorption chiller is introduced and a simulation model of the chiller was developed to analyze the influence of operating and design conditions on the system performance (coefficient of performance, COP, and cooling capacity). It was hypothesized that the proposed chiller can be driven by low temperature waste heat at 55°C to produce effective cooling. Simulation results show that the operating conditions such as cycle time and hot and cooling water inlet temperature have an influential effect on cooling capacity and COP. COP is proportional to cycle time and heat transfer coefficient as well as inversely proportional to the cooling water inlet temperature, while there are optimum values of hot water temperature and silica gel weight for maximum COP. Cooling capacity mainly improves with the addition of silica gel weight and decreases as cooling water temperature increases. Simulation results also revealed that the system performance can be improved significantly by setting the design and operating conditions optimally.     

采用新型循环方式的硅胶-水吸附式制冷机

The paper proposes an adsorption refrigeration system using silica gel and water as working pair with novel design. In this system, the adsorber, condenser and evaporator are housed in one vacuum chamber, forming an adsorption refrigeration unit. Two such units work alternatively to supply cooling continuously. The construction, parameters of the adsorber, condenser and evaporator and characteristics of the cycle are given. The experimental results demonstrate that the mass recovery process can significantly improve the cooling capacity and COP. The effects of evaporating temperature and cooling water inlet temperature on chiller performance are analyzed. Comparison of the novel system and conventional ones demonstrates that the novel system has a higher performance than the conventional ones with heat recovery process if the problem of cooling loss can be resolved.     

MnCl2/CaCl2-NH3再吸附系统的制冷性能

利用膨胀硫化石墨为基质研制了固化混合吸附剂,并搭建了低品位热能驱动的MnCl₂/CaCl₂-NH₃为工质对的再吸附制冷系统。对该系统进行实验研究,结果表明：160℃热源温度为制冷性能系数（COP）的拐点温度,最大制冷功率为2.98 kW。当热源温度高于160℃时,系统显热负荷增大,继续加热高温床会降低制冷效率。当制冷温度为15℃时,系统COP为0.284~0.396;单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率（SCP）为100.3~338.8 W·kg^-1。SCP随热源温度的升高而逐渐升高。     

固体吸附制冷系统中的气液回热

对固体吸附制冷系统中的气液回热进行了研究,对回热量在吸附制冷系统中的影响进行了理论分析,并通过试验验证了气液回热对系统产生的积极影响.     

采用回质回热的活性炭-氨吸附制冷循环性能

回质是改善吸附循环性能的重要手段 ,回质过程大幅度提高了每循环单位质量吸附剂的制冷量 ;根据工况的不同 ,回质过程有可能在一定范围内提高或降低系统的性能系数 ;回质过程对循环的作用对金属及流体热容变化不敏感 ;回质回热复合循环具有较高的性能系数     

Performance analysis of an adsorption refrigerator using activated carbon in a compound adsorbent

To improve the performance of the adsorption refrigeration of CaCl₂-ammonia adsorption system, activated carbon has been distributed uniformly in the mass of CaCl₂, thereby helping to enhance mass transfer and uplift the cooling power density. A multifunctional heat pipe adsorption refrigerator, in which activated carbon-CaCl₂ is used as compound adsorbent and ammonia as refrigerant, is designed. Water and acetone are used as working liquids for the heat pipe. This paper presents a study on the adsorption refrigeration performances of this adsorption refrigerator under two different working conditions, ice-maker for fishing boat driven by the waste heat from exhaust gases, and solar ice-maker driven by solar water heating. The obtained average SCP (specific cooling power) and the COP (coefficient of performance) of the refrigerator were measured to be 770.4 W/kg and 0.39 at about −20 °C of evaporating temperature for the former working condition, and they were 161.2 W/kg and 0.12 at about −15 °C of evaporating temperature for the later working condition.