铁掺杂二氧化钛空心球的制备及性能

以Ti F4为钛源、九水合硝酸铁为掺杂前体,采用水热法制备铁掺杂的Ti O_2空心微球。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、BET、XPS等技术对样品的形貌、结构、晶型、比表面积、元素组成等进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解为目标反应,评价其光催化活性。结果表明,160℃下水热反应生成的纳米Ti O_2空心微球晶型为锐钛矿,少量掺铁并不影响微球的形貌及晶体结构。光催化实验表明,160℃下水热反应12 h生成的Ti O_2空心微球样品均匀性好、光催化活性最佳;铁掺杂能显著提高Ti O_2空心微球的催化活性,当铁钛比为1.5:100时,所得样品粒径最小,比表面积最大,光催化活性最高。     

Ag/TiO2纳米催化剂的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag/TiO₂光催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解物,考察了不同Ag含量和不同煅烧温度对样品的光催化性能影响。结果表明,掺杂Ag后,增大了样品的比表面积,800℃时,Ag的引入抑制了TiO₂锐钛矿向金红石相的转变,掺杂后TiO₂的光催化活性大大提高,在500℃煅烧温度下,当Ag的摩尔分数为1%时,在紫外光照射下,经过180min光催化实验,对MB的降解率达到90%.     

TiO2/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球复合材料对光催化分解水制氢性能的影响

以玉米秸秆为原料，通过热熔法制备出TiO₂/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球复合光催化剂。利用SEM、TEM、XRD、FT-IR、XPS、UV等方法对TiO₂/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球进行表征。结果表明，TiO₂/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球复合材料具有更高的光催化性能和光稳定性。在可见光照射、TiO₂/Pt与玉米秸秆碳微球质量比为1∶0.3时，光催化分解水制氢效率最高，达到1 120μmol/(h·g),是TiO₂/Pt制氢量的56倍。修饰在TiO₂上的玉米秸秆碳微球具有良好的导电性，可促进TiO₂光生电子的转移。同时，碳微球的加入增大了复合光催化剂的比表面积，提高了光催化制氢效率，为新型生物质光催化体系提供新思路。     

有序TiO_2纳米管阵列光催化性能研究进展

高度有序TiO₂纳米管阵列由于具有结构的有序性及尺寸的可控性,已成为近年来光催化材料领域的研究热点之一。本文针对有序TiO₂纳米管阵列特殊的结构形貌特点,阐述了管壁粗糙度、管长、管壁厚度、管径及表面积对其光催化性能的影响。在不同的催化剂载体（透明玻璃基底、无基底、钛丝网基底、非平面钛片基底）生长TiO₂纳米管阵列是有效地提高其光催化性能的途径之一,介绍了这些新型结构的TiO₂纳米管阵列的研究进展。最后总结了现阶段主要掺杂改性TiO₂纳米管阵列的方法及掺杂效果。在此基础上,指出了当前研究中存在的主要问题,并展望今后的研究方向。     

超临界干燥法制备TiO2/凹凸棒复合光催化剂

以凹凸棒为载体,四氯化钛为钛源,通过溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界干燥法制备TiO₂/凹凸棒复合光催化材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET、XPS等方法对材料的结构、形貌及催化性能进行表征。研究结果表明：超临界干燥可增大复合材料的比表面积,抑制TiO₂发生晶型转变。凹凸棒吸附特性良好,增加了材料表面的活性位点,显著提高催化剂的光催化活性。不同煅烧温度下的TiO₂均为锐钛矿型,粒径约为20 nm,呈不规则短棒状,成功负载于凹凸棒上。在400℃煅烧2 h条件下,催化剂3 h后对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达98.4%。     

不同水解抑制剂下Sr2+掺杂改性纳米TiO2的制备及可见光响应行为

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为钛源,分别以三乙醇胺和亚氨基二乙酸为水解抑制剂,制备掺杂不同含量Sr²⁺的纳米TiO₂,并对其在可见光范围内对孔雀石绿的光催化降解活性进行评价。结果表明,Sr²⁺掺杂能够有效提高纳米TiO₂的光催化性能,并确定不同条件下合成的纳米TiO₂的最佳掺杂量和反应条件。对掺杂的TiO₂进行紫外可见漫反射光谱、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及氮物理等温吸附等表征,揭示了表面性能、电子结构、脱水性能、吸附性能、结晶程度和晶相结构等多方面协同作用是Sr²⁺掺杂的TiO₂具有最高光催化活性的原因。这种新型光催化剂可能在环境净化和水处理方面具有一定的应用价值。     

多级孔ZrO2/TiO2/ZSM-5分子筛的合成及吸附-光催化协同性能

以碱酸改后的凹凸棒土为硅源,利用溶胶-凝胶法将 TiO₂和 ZrO₂负载于一步水热合成的多级孔 ZSM-5 分子筛表面,形成多级孔 ZrO₂/TiO₂/ZSM-5 分子筛。通过 XRD、SEM 和 N₂吸附-脱附仪等手段对样品进行表征,研究 TiO₂和 ZrO₂掺杂对多级孔 ZSM-5骨架结构、形貌及孔道的影响,并对亚甲基蓝溶液进行实验,探究其吸附-光催化协同性能。结果表明：ZrO₂负载促进了锐钛矿 TiO₂的形成,同时利用分子筛的多级孔道和比表面积提高了底物富集能力。当反应进行 20 min时,TiO₂掺杂量为 10% 的 TiO₂/ZSM-5 分子筛光催化降解效率达 73%;进一步掺杂 ZrO₂,ZrO₂/TiO₂/ZSM-5 分子筛光催化反应效率提高至 96.2%,说明 ZrO...     

层序空间多孔结构TiO2实现高效光催化CO2还原

以葡萄糖为原料，经一步水热法生成葡萄糖基碳球(GCs)，粒径约500nm，利用微乳液聚合法合成粒径约270nm的聚苯乙烯微球(PSs)。通过真空抽滤，制备了GCs和PSs层层组装的多级模板，TiCl₄完全浸润模板并经干燥和高温煅烧，获得了空间层序多级孔结构的TiO₂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附等手段表征了所制备催化剂的形貌、组分和孔结构。在饱和CO₂气氛下加入H₂O，利用催化剂在模拟太阳光条件进行光催化还原试验。结果表明：经过7h的光催化测试，相较于商用P25和无空间结构的TiO₂，层序空间多孔TiO₂生成还原产物CO的产率均得到明显提高。其中，空间复合多级孔TiO₂在结构失配的情况下仍表现出较高的CO产率。结合实验结果和表征证实：纳米微球层所形成的层序空间多孔TiO₂具有较高的比表面积和丰富的孔结构，有利于形成大量表面活性位点。三维网状多孔结构暴露出...     

含钛高炉渣制备SCR烟气脱硝催化剂

以含钛高炉渣为原料,稀硫酸为溶剂提取钛液,钛液经水解、高温焙烧后制得高比表面积的TiO₂,并以其为载体采用分步浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-WO₃/ TiO₂催化剂。优化了含钛高炉渣的酸解条件,对所得TiO₂进行了XRD、XRF、BET表征,用自制催化剂评价系统考察了所制备催化剂的脱硝性能及抗硫抗水性能。结果表明：H₂SO₄浓度40%、酸渣比1.5、酸解温度80℃、酸解时间3 h条件下,TiO₂浸出率可达90%,水解产物主要为锐钛型TiO₂,纯度达到74%,含有21.2%无定形SiO₂及少量其他杂质。SiO₂的存在提高了产物的比表面积、孔径,有利于活性组分的负载。以含钛高炉渣基TiO₂为原料制备的V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂脱硝催化剂相比于以商业TiO₂和TiOSO₄制备的催化剂,在250～450℃具有更高的催化活性,且在300℃具有较好的抗硫抗水性能。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了三种纳米TiO₂粉末,采用X衍射仪、氮气等温吸附仪、红外光谱仪、综合热分析仪、紫外可见光分光光度计对样品进行了表征。结果表明,三种纳米TiO₂粉末均为锐钛晶型,晶粒尺寸为20 nm,比表面积均>80 m²/g。紫外光线照射120 min时,三种粉末对罗丹明B溶液的光催化降解率均>90.0%,照射时间达180 min时,降解率均>99.5%,而商品级P25纳米TiO₂粉末对罗丹明B溶液的降解率较低,120和180 min时的光催化降解率仅为37.1%和69.0%。     

Hydrothermal doping method for preparation of Cr-TiO2 photocatalysts with concentration gradient distribution of Cr

Cr³⁺-doped anatase titanium dioxide photocatalysts were prepared by the combination of sol–gel process with hydrothermal treatment. The samples were characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (S_BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption flame emission spectroscopy (AAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was confirmed that Cr substitutes Ti⁴⁺ in TiO₂ lattice in trivalent ionic state, and the concentrations of dopants Cr³⁺ decrease from the exterior to the interior of doped TiO₂. The photocatalytic activity of Cr-TiO₂ was investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of XRG aqueous solution both under UV and visible light irradiation. Due to the excitation of 3d electron of Cr³⁺ to the conduction band of TiO₂, Cr-TiO₂ shows a good ability for absorbing the visible light to degrade XRG. Doping of chromium ions effectively improves the photocatalytic activity under both UV light irradiation and visible light irradiation with an optimal doping concentration of 0.15% and 0.2%, respectively. The special distribution of dopants Cr³⁺ seems having a good effect on enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cr-TiO₂.     

A chemical etching route to controllable fabrication of TiO2 hollow nanospheres for enhancing their photocatalytic activity

The TiO₂ hollow nanospheres with diameters of about 230 nm were prepared by a simple and controllable route based on hydrolysis of Ti(OBu)₄ on the surfaces of the Cu₂O solid nanospheres followed by inward etching of the Cu₂O nanospheres. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The further post-heat treatment led to the high crystallization of the TiO₂ hollow nanospheres. The photocatalytic performances of these samples were evaluated for the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under UV-light irradiation. The as-prepared TiO₂ hollow nanospheres showed higher photocatalytic activity than the CuO and the CuO/TiO₂ hollow nanospheres. Effects of temperature and time for post-heat treatment of TiO₂ as well as initial RhB concentrations on the RhB photodegradation have also been studied. The results show that the TiO₂ hollow nanospheres have the good reusability as photocatalysts and are promising in waste water treatment.     

The preparation of coupled WO3/TiO2 photocatalyst by ball milling

The coupled photocatalyst WO₃/TiO₂ is prepared by ball milling by doping WO₃ into TiO₂ and using H₂O solution as disperser. The coupled photocatalyst WO₃/TiO₂ is characterized by UV–VIS diffuse reflection spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the optimum percentage of WO₃ doped is 3% and that the photocatalytic activity of the coupled WO₃/TiO₂ photocatalyst is much higher than that of TiO₂ and WO₃–TiO₂ with no ball milling. Compared with TiO₂, the photoexcited wavelength range of the WO₃/TiO₂ photocatalyst red-shifts about 50 nm, and the light absorption intensity is also improved. The crystal phase of TiO₂ is not changed and new crystal phases are not found during the process of ball milling. WO₃ and TiO₂ coupled highly, forming the WO₃/TiO₂ photocatalyst. The increased photocatalytic activity of the coupled photocatalyst may be attributed to the enhance charge separation efficiency and the extend wavelength range of photoexcitation.     

Visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO2/ZnS nanocomposites prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis

Photocatalytic active TiO₂/ZnS composites were prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis of mixture of titanium oxo-sulphate and zinc sulphate in aqueous solutions with thioacetamide. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and electron diffraction (ED). The nitrogen adsorption–desorption was used for surface area (BET) and porosity determination. Diffuse reflectance UV/VIS spectra for evaluation of photophysical properties were recorded in the diffuse reflectance mode (R100) and transformed to an absorption spectra through the Kubelka–Munk function. The method of UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was employed to estimate band-gap energies of the prepared TiO₂/ZnS nanocomposites. The photoactivity of the prepared TiO₂/ZnS nanocomposites was assessed by the photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye in an aqueous slurry under irradiation of 255 nm, 365 nm and 400 nm wavelength. Under the same conditions, the photocatalytic activity of the commercially available photocatalyst (Degussa P25), the pure anatase TiO₂ and sphalerite ZnS were also examined. The composite sample having the highest catalytic activity was obtained by hydrolysis of mixture solutions 0.63 M TiOSO₄ and 0.08 M ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O.     

Preparation,characterization and antibacterial properties of cobalt doped titania nanomaterials

Cobalt-doped titania(Co-TiO_2) nanomaterials were synthesized by the sol–gel method at different calcination temperatures. Using Escherichia coli(a), Staphylococcus aureus(b) and Candida albicans(c) as target strains,the antibacterial activity in visible light of the nanomaterials were studied. Co-TiO_2 nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The Co ions in the Co-TiO_2 nanomaterial exist in the form of CoTiO_3 phase.The antibacterial properties of Co-TiO_2 nanomaterials on E. coli(a), S. aureus(b) and C. albicans(c) were investigated with the oscillating flask method and the inhibition zone method. The nanomaterials calcined at 600 °C exhibit excellent antibacterial activity. The bacteriostatic rates for E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans reached 99.5%,91.3% and 93.4% respectively. The diameters of the antibacterial rings were up to 36 mm, 37 mm, 30 mm respectively, and the clarity of the ring was clear. The antibacterial properties of Co-TiO_2 nanomaterials were compared with those of traditional silver sol, zinc oxide sol and Zn-doped TiO_2 nanomaterials The mechanism of the influences of Co ions doping on the antibacterial activity of TiO_2 nanomaterials was also discussed. The doping of Co ions inhibits the particle size of the antibacterial agent and extends the photocatalytic response range, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance of the antibacterial agent.     

Effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the photocatalytic activity and microstructures of bimodal mesoporous TiO2 powders

Bimodal nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO₂ powders with high photocatalytic activity were prepared by a hydrothermal method using tetrabutylorthotitanate (TiO(C₄H₉)₄, TBOT) as precursor. The as-prepared TiO₂ powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N₂ adsorption–desorption measurements. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared TiO₂ powders was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of acetone (CH₃COCH₃) under UV-light irradiation at room temperature in air. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the microstructures and photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ powders were investigated and discussed. It was found that hydrothermal treatment enhanced the phase transformation of the TiO₂ powders from amorphous to anatase and crystallization of anatase. All TiO₂ powders after hydrothermal treatment showed bimodal pore-size distributions in the mesoporous region: one was intra-aggregated pores with maximum pore diameters of ca. 4–8 nm and the other with inter-aggregated pores with maximum pore diameters of ca. 45–50 nm. With increasing hydrothermal temperature and time, the average crystallite size and average pore size increased, in contrast, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, pore volumes and porosity steadily decreased. An optimal hydrothermal condition (180 °C for 10 h) was determined. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO₂ powders under optimal hydrothermal conditions was more than three times higher than that of Degussa P25.     

硅藻土负载TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其应用

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,多孔硅藻土为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅藻土负载TiO_2光催化剂。通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR和N2吸附-脱附等对其形貌、表面组成及晶体结构进行表征。以1μg·m L-1氨氮废水溶液为目标降解物,太阳光为光源,研究硅藻土负载TiO_2催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,采用500℃焙烧3 h的硅藻土负载TiO_2光催化剂,光照180 min,对氨氮的去除率为78.5%。     

Plasmonic Au nanoparticles supported on both sides of TiO2 hollow spheres for maximising photocatalytic activity under visible light

A strategy of intensifying the visible light harvesting ability of anatase TiO₂ hollow spheres (HSs) was developed, in which both sides of TiO₂ HSs were utilised for stabilising Au nanoparticles (NPs) through the sacrificial templating method and convex surface-induced confinement. The composite structure of single Au NP yolk-TiO₂ shell-Au NPs, denoted as Au@Au(TiO₂, was rendered and confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Au@Au(TiO₂ showed enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue and phenol in aqueous phase under visible light surpassing that of other reference materials such as Au(TiO₂ by 77% and Au@P25 by 52%, respectively, in phenol degradation.