HFE7100和HFE7500的热物理性质

为了获得氢氟醚HFE7100、HFE7500的热物理性质参数,补充现有数据不足,为其作为电子元器件的冷却介质、工业清洗剂等工程应用提供技术支持,利用瞬态热线法测量了常压下HFE7100和HFE7500的热导率,并用表面光散射法测量了HFE7100和HFE7500的液相黏度和表面张力。HFE7100和HFE7500的热导率和液相黏度均关联成温度的多项式函数,HFE7100热导率和黏度的实验值和关联式的平均绝对偏差分别为0.37%和1.19%,HFE7500热导率和黏度的实验值和关联式的平均绝对偏差分别0.08%和1.10%。利用改进的van der Waals关联表面张力和温度的关系,HFE7100和HFE7500的表面张力的实验值和关联式的平均绝对偏差分别为0.03 m N·m-1和0.02 m N·m-1。获得的HFE7100和HFE7500的热导率、黏度和表面张力实验数据及方程,可为其工程应用提出数据支持。     

液体黏度和表面张力对滤材气液过滤性能的影响

利用滤材实验装置,研究了黏度和表面张力等液体物性参数对气液过滤性能的影响。结果表明:液体黏度对滤材压降影响较小,滤材稳态压降基本不变,液体黏度较小时滤材出口液滴浓度较大,且出口有较多粒径较大的液滴;而液体表面张力对滤材压降有较大影响,液体表面张力较大时出口液滴浓度较大。并利用Ohnesorge数对滤材出口液滴浓度进行了分析,Ohnesorge数越大,则出口液滴浓度越低。     

石墨悬浮液的热导率与黏度分析

通过实验测量,对石墨悬浮液进行热导率和黏度系数的研究。采用不同的超声时间,从而获得不同大小颗粒的石墨悬浮液。在不同的超声时间下得到了石墨悬浮液的热导率随体积分数的变化规律,并对其热流逾渗现象进行了分析。同时,对于室温下的石墨悬浮液进行了黏度系数的测量,可以得到石墨悬浮液的逾渗点的导热性质和黏度性质的对比,从而得到了两者是截然相反的结论。     

Al_2O_3-CaO熔渣性能的研究

采用旋转柱体法测量了Al2O3-CaO二元渣的黏度,采用重锤法测量了渣的密度,采用拉筒法测量了渣的表面张力,采用四探针法测量了渣的电导率.结果表明,共晶点处熔渣的高温流动性最好,1500℃时,该渣样的粘度只有0.57 Pa.s;随着CaO/Al2O3质量比增加,熔渣密度减少,表面张力减小,电导率增加:渣温为1450～1500℃时,熔渣密度在2.775～2.713g/cm3之间变化,表面张力在0.6405～0.6107 N/m之间变化,电导率在0.549～1.101(Ω·cm)-1之间变化.该二元渣作精炼渣时重熔电耗低,去夹杂能力强.但其熔点高、粘度大,所得合金表面质量差.     

氯盐离子液体水溶液的物理化学性质

离子液体是一类新型表面活性剂,研究离子液体+水体系的物性具有重要的意义。为此,本文测定了不同浓度和温度下［Bemim］［Cl］（氯化-1-甲基-3-苄基咪唑）,［C_nmim］［Cl］（氯化-1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑, n=4,14,16）,［BeiQu］［Cl］（氯化-N-苄基异喹啉）,［C_miQu］［Cl］（氯化-N-烷基异喹啉, m=4,8）等氯盐离子液体水溶液的密度、动力黏度、表面张力等物化性质。氯盐离子液体水溶液密度的变化趋势为咪唑类>异喹啉类。离子液体水溶液的黏度随着温度的升高而减小,随着浓度的升高而升高。在等温条件下,阳离子取代基相同时,离子液体水溶液的表面张力的变化趋势为咪唑类<异喹啉类。     

Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7的热物理性能

采用固相反应法制备了Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7氧化物,并研究了其热物理性能。Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7氧化物在20℃~1200℃范围内的平均热导率分别是0.45 W/(m·K)和1.71 W/(m·K),明显低于现役的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷(YSZ)。与La_2AlTaO_7相比,Sm_2YbTaO_7较低的热导率可以归因于其取代原子与基质原子之间较高的原子质量差别,Sm_2YbTaO_7较高的热膨胀系数则可归因于其A位与B位离子之间较低的电负性差别。Sm_2YbTaO_7和La_2AlTaO_7的热导率和热膨胀系数均满足热障涂层的要求,具有做为新型热障涂层表面陶瓷层材料使用的潜力。     

溴化锂及离子液体水溶液密度、黏度和表面张力测定与计算

常压条件下,实验测定了不同温度（283.15~343.15 K）下吸收制冷/热泵工质对——溴化锂（LiBr）、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐（[EMIM][OAC]）和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫氰酸盐（[BMIM][SCN]）水溶液的密度、黏度和表面张力,借助线性方程和Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher（VTF）模型,分别成功关联了密度和黏度实验值。研究结果表明：在相同条件下,溴化锂水溶液的密度大于离子液体水溶液的密度,而前者的黏度小于后者;对表面张力,随着溴化锂含量增加,其水溶液的表面张力值增加,而少量离子液体可使水的表面张力快速下降。根据实验黏度和表面张力分别获得了能量势垒和表面熵/焓,表明各水溶液中分子或离子迁移难易程度遵循[EMIM][OAC] > [BMIM][SCN] > LiBr,表面有序性遵循[BMIM][SCN] > [EMIM][OAC] > LiBr。研究结果可为吸收制冷/热泵工质对及低温余热回收系统的设计和计算提供可靠的数据支撑。     

石墨悬浮液的热导率与黏度分析

通过实验测量,对石墨悬浮液进行热导率和黏度系数的研究。采用不同的超声时间,从而获得不同大小颗粒的石墨悬浮液。在不同的超声时间下得到了石墨悬浮液的热导率随体积分数的变化规律,并对其热流逾渗现象进行了分析。同时,对于室温下的石墨悬浮液进行了黏度系数的测量,可以得到石墨悬浮液的逾渗点的导热性质和黏度性质的对比,从而得到了两者是截然相反的结论。     

添加剂对水性喷墨墨水性能的影响

为了研究添加剂对水性喷墨墨水性能的影响,选择几种水性喷墨墨水的常用添加剂,测试了不同添加剂对墨水黏度、表面张力、pH值和电导率的影响。结果表明,不同有机溶剂对喷墨墨水黏度的影响不同,表面活性剂是影响表面张力的主要因素,pH调节剂和螯合剂会同时对墨水的pH值和电导率有影响。最终通过选用合适量的添加剂配制的墨水符合喷墨打印用墨水的性能指标。     

副产物含量对栲胶脱硫液性质的影响

在栲胶脱硫生产过程中除了主反应外,同时还伴随Na2S2O3,Na2SO4,NaSCN及NaHCO3等盐类生成的副反应.这些副产物的生成会影响栲胶脱硫液的性质,并最终影响整个脱硫循环工艺的稳定.为了避免这些影响,从表面张力、黏度和密度三个方面分析了Na2S2O3,Na2SO4,NaSCN和NaHCO3四种栲胶脱硫工艺的副产物对栲胶脱硫溶液的影响.结果表明,副产物的积累可以引起脱硫溶液表面张力的下降以及溶液黏度和密度的增加,从而引起脱硫工艺中操作条件的改变,最终影响整个系统的脱硫效率.     

Thermophysical and electrical properties of rare-earth-cerate high-entropy ceramics

A new series of rare-earth-cerate high-entropy ceramics with compositions of (La_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2Dy_0.2)₂Ce₂O₇ (HEC1), (La_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2Yb_0.2)₂Ce₂O₇ (HEC2), (La_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Yb_0.2Dy_0.2)₂Ce₂O₇ (HEC3), (La_0.2Nd_0.2Yb_0.2Gd_0.2Dy_0.2)₂Ce₂O₇ (HEC4), (La_0.2Yb_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2Dy_0.2)₂Ce₂O₇ (HEC5) as well as a single component of Nd₂Ce₂O₇ are fabricated via sintering the corresponding sol–gel-derived powders at 1600°C for 10 h. HEC1–5 samples exhibit a single-cerate phase with fluorite structure and high configurational entropy. Compared with Nd₂Ce₂O₇, HEC1–5 samples have a lower grain growth rate owing to the sluggish diffusion effect. The chemical compositional uniformity of HEC1–5 as well as Nd₂Ce₂O₇ does not apparently change after annealing at 1500°C for different time intervals (1, 6, 12, and 18 h). Compared with 8YSZ, HEC1–5 samples display the decreased thermal conductivity and increased thermal expansion coefficient. The lattice size disorder parameter of HEC1–5 is negatively related to the thermal conductivity in 26–450°C. Furthermore, HEC1–5 and Nd₂Ce₂O₇ exhibit lower oxygen-ion conductivity, meaning an increased resistance to oxygen diffusion.     

Thermophysical properties of rare earth barium aluminates

The super low thermal conductivity and ultrahigh thermal expansion of Ba₆Ln₂Al₄O₁₅ (Ln = Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb) compounds with one‐sixth of the oxygen vacancy have been synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method. The lowest thermal conductivity of Ba₆Yb₂Al₄O₁₅ was found to be 0.98 W/(m.K) at 1073 K. The large concentration of oxygen vacancies in Ba₆Ln₂Al₄O₁₅ compounds leads to low elastic modulus and loose chemical bonds. The average thermal expansion coefficients of Ba₆Ln₂Al₄O₁₅ compounds was 11.8 × 10^?6 ? 13.6 × 10^?6 · K^?1. The loose chemical bonds with Young's moduli were in the range of 102.8 ? 135.9 GPa.     

Thermophysical properties of CTBN and HTPB liquid rubber modified epoxy blends

Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of carboxyl‐terminated copolymer of polybutadiene and acrylonitrile (CTBN) and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) liquid rubber‐ modified epoxy blends were investigated. A good agreement was observed between the calculated values of the specific heat estimated from thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and density measurements and the DSC results. Measurements of the thermal conductivity values of HTPB/Epoxy blends were in good agreement with three simple theoretical models, which have been used thereafter for the estimation of the unknown value of the thermal conductivity of CTBN (k_CTBN = 0.24 Wm^?1K^?1). The morphology of the rubber‐modified epoxy blends has been quantified and indicate a tendency towards co‐continuous phase upon the inclusion of higher weight percentage of rubber (≥30 wt %). Moreover, we notice a significant enhancement of the thermal conductivity during this morphological shift. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

导热油基TiO2纳米流体热物性研究

采用“两步法”将粒径为15 nm、30 nm和60 nm的TiO2纳米粉添加到导热油中,制备出体积分数为0.1％ ～0.5％的导热油基TiO2纳米流体.实验研究了其在20～60℃的导热性能、粘性和润湿性能,结果表明,该导热油基TiO2纳米流体的导热性能随着温度的升高增加率为20％ ～ 38％,随着体积分数的增大提高了7％ ～ 49％,随着TiO2纳米粉粒径的增加降低了9％ ～25％.与基液相比,该导热油基TiO2纳米流体的粘性随着温度和体积分数的增加也增大了3％～37％,但随着温度的升高纳米流体的粘性却呈线性降低趋势,随着TiO2纳米粉粒径的增加降低了7％ ～22％.室温下,导热油基TiO2纳米流体的接触角比基液减小了28％～50％,表面张力却增加了0.3％～0.5％.     

Thermophysical properties and cyclic lifetime of plasma sprayed SrAl12O19 for thermal barrier coating applications

About 6-8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the industry standard material for thermal barrier coatings (TBC). However, it cannot meet the long-term requirements for advanced engines due to the phase transformation and sintering issues above 1200°C. In this study, we have developed a magnetoplumbite-type SrAl₁₂O₁₉ coating fabricated by atmospheric plasma spray, which shows potential capability to be operated above 1200°C. SrAl₁₂O₁₉ coating exhibits large concentrations of cracks and pores (~26% porosity) after 1000 hours heat treatment at 1300°C, while the total porosity of YSZ coatings progressively decreases from the initial value of ~18% to ~5%. Due to the contribution of porous microstructure, an ultralow thermal conductivity (~1.36 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) can be maintained for SrAl₁₂O₁₉ coating even after 1000 hours aging at 1300°C, which is far lower than that of the YSZ coating (~1.98 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹). In thermal cyclic fatigue test, the SrAl₁₂O₁₉/YSZ double-ceramic-layer coating undertakes a thermal cycling lifetime of ~512 cycles, which is not only much longer than its single-layer counterpart (~163 cycles), but also superior to that of YSZ coating (~392 cycles). These preliminary results suggest that SrAl₁₂O₁₉ might be a promising alternative TBC material to YSZ for applications above 1200°C.     

Synthesis and aqueous solution behaviors of sodium sulfonate‐terminated dendritic poly(ester‐amine)

Sodium sulfonate‐terminated dendritic poly(ester‐amine) (SPEA) was synthesized by sulfonation of acrylic double bond‐terminated dendritic poly(ester‐amine) (APEA) with sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO₃) in mixture of diglycol and 2‐butanone under normal pressure. The structure of SPEA was characterized by IR, ¹H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. SPEA was water‐soluble. 1.0–40.0% (mass) SPEA aqueous solutions appeared as dilatant fluid. When pH value varied from 1.5 to 12.0, the viscosity of 1–5% (mass) SPEA aqueous solutions changed very small, and the electric conductivity almost kept stable within pH 3.0–10.0. The relationship between the viscosity and the concentration of SPEA water solutions was similar to that of NaCl water solutions. The surface tension of SPEA water solutions was lower than that of polyethylene glycol 2000 water solutions with the same concentration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Preparation and properties of functionalized polyorganosiloxanes

A series of linear functionalized polyorganosiloxanes of the type Me₃SiO[MeSiO(CH₂)_nR]_x(Me₂SiO)_ySiMe₃, where n = 2, R = —(CH₂)NMe₂; n = 1, R = —(CH₂)OEt; n = 4, R = —(CH₂)COOEt; n = 3, R = —(CH₂)Me, have been prepared and characterized. Functional group loadings of ∼4 mol % (x = 1, y = 25), ∼11 mol % (x = 3, y = 23), and ∼30 mol % (x = 8, y = 18) were obtained by reacting commercially available copolymers Me₃SiO(MeSi{H} O)_x(Me₂SiO)_ySiMe₃ with the appropriate ratios of_x:_y, with the required quantities of HO(CH₂)_nR, using dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II) as catalyst. Amine, ether, ester, and alkyl functionalized siloxanes were obtained in good yields after purification, and each fluid polymer has been characterized by ¹H and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral measurements, elemental analysis, viscosity, surface tension, and density measurements. The functionalized polymers exhibit Newtonian behavior over the range of shear rates 0.4–79.4 s⁻¹, and significant viscosity enhancements were observed for all functionalized polymers compared with poly(dimethylsiloxane) fluids of similar chain lengths. The functionalized siloxanes exhibited in almost all cases an increase in both viscosity and density as the functional group loading increased. The surface tensions of the polymers have also been determined and lie within the range 18.8–22.3 mN m⁻¹. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 808–817, 2001     

Functionalized few-layered graphene nanoplatelets for superior thermal management in heat transfer nanofluids

The superior thermal conductivity and lightweight of graphene flakes make them materials of choice for advanced heat transfer applications, especially for transport of electricity from sustainable power stations such as concentrating solar power plants. In view of the excellent thermal conductivity of graphene or graphene-like nanomaterials (3000–5000 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), their dispersion into conventional host fluids such as water (0.613 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) or ethylene glycol (0.25 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) can significantly improve fluid heat transfer characteristics. The two-dimensional structure and high surface area as well as the cost-efficient carbon-based material make graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) suitable for large-scale applications in colloidal thermal conductive fluids. For an efficient dispersion of GNPs in base fluids, intrinsically hydrophobic GNPs were acid treated to obtain highly concentrated (4 wt.%) graphene-based nanofluids. Investigations on various GNP sizes and reaction parameters showed significant influences on the resulting thermal conductivity values of the nanofluid. After 14 h measurements in a dormant system, the most efficient nanofluid reached a thermal conductivity of 0.586 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ (the base fluid of 0.391 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) and a low viscosity of 6.39 cP resulting in an overall efficiency improvement of 77%, when compared to the base fluid without particles.