两相均流板对弯管中气固两相运动分布特征的影响

针对燃煤电厂烟气污染物脱除设备入口弯管内气固两相分布不均的问题提出一种新型两相均流板,采用CFD数值模拟首先对比分析了安装两相均流板与常规导流装置的均流效果,之后详细研究了新型两相均流板对弯管水平出口管道中气流速度、颗粒质量分布规律的影响以及板型及板间夹角对两相均流板均流效果的影响,并结合Design-Expert响应面法获得两相均流板的最优结构,将最优结构应用于工业性实验中,最后将计算结果与工业性实验数据进行了比较。结果表明:弯管内安装两相均流板较安装导流板/三角翼挡板气固两相均流效果更优,既可以使气固两相均匀分布又可以有效降低系统的压阻;随板间夹角的增大,管内的气流速度分布以及颗粒的质量浓度分布呈阶段性变化,而管内的压降则随板间夹角增大而增大;最佳两相均流板结构为夹角为75.49°的直板型两相均流板。模拟与实验结果吻合较好,利用提出的数值模拟方法可以详细真实地模拟计算大型及具有复杂内部结构的除尘器入口弯管中气固两相流动。     

高浓度电除尘器入口封头气固两相流动的近流线数值模拟

利用近流线数值模拟方法,采用与大型高浓度电除尘器入口封头原型完全相同的1∶1的几何模型,详细真实地模拟了入口封头及其内部具有复杂结构的预除尘角钢和两层开孔达数万个的气流分布板.采用可实现性k-ε模型和随机颗粒轨道模型,对其气固两相流动进行了数值计算,得出了气相速度分布、颗粒浓度分布和流动阻力分布特性.计算结果与工业性试验数据进行了比较,两者吻合较好,提出并证明了利用近流线数值模拟方法可以详细真实地模拟高浓度电除尘器入口封头内部结构及其气固两相流动.计算和试验结果均表明,所研究的高浓度电除尘器入口封头,其出口处气流分布为中间区域偏低,四周区域偏高;其预除尘效率约为27.6%左右,其流动阻力高达766Pa.     

SCX超细分级机进料管内气固两相流数值模拟

以两相流理论为基础,对SCX超细分级机进料管改进后内部的气固两相流动特性进行了数值模拟。分析了气相压力、速度、湍动能和固相颗粒浓度的分布情况,得到了进料管内气固两相的分布规律。结果表明,加入导流片之后,进料管内气相压力、速度、湍动能径向梯度减小,偏流现象减弱;导流片阻碍了固相颗粒的横向运动,改变了颗粒的运动轨迹,使得颗粒浓度分布更加均匀,为后续的分级提供了良好的基础。     

环管反应器内液固两相流的数值模拟

为了对环管反应器内液固两相的流动形态进行研究,建立了以颗粒动力学为基础的Euler-Euler双流体模型.在浆液流速远大于自由沉降速度的情况下,模拟了不同浆液入口速度时的环管反应器上升段压力降,同时对管道内液固两相流中的一些重要参数进行了数值研究:在入口液固两相体积分布均匀的情况下,环管反应器上升段、弯管段以及下降段液固两相体积分布和液固两相速度均不一样,在弯管段由于离心力存在而引起管道内二次流,使得固相颗粒甩向弯管的外侧壁,引起固相体积分数在弯管外侧壁明显增大,管道内固体颗粒相分布不均.在浆液速度v =3 m·s-1时,液相和固相的速度有一定的速度差,随着入口速度增大,速度差变小;当浆液速度v =7 m·s-1时,固体颗粒相速度分布与液相速度基本相同,两者之间的滑移速度可以忽略.计算结果与传统经验公式的比较表明模型能有效地描述环管反应器内压力降和反应器内浆液流动形态.     

一种带有新型进气方式和气流分布结构的袋式除尘器

本实用新型涉及一种带有新型进气方式和气流分布结构的袋式除尘器,包括尘气入口、重力分离区、灰斗、滤袋区、外壁板、清灰组件、净气出口、花板,其特征在于,在尘气入口侧安装有迷宫式导流分离板组,迷宫式导流分离板组位于除尘器外壁板的内侧,除尘器滤袋区的外侧。迷宫式导流分离板组由两组错位对扣相互咬合布置的型板组成,可为C型、或V型、或[型、或〔型。与现有技术相比,本实用新型的有益效果是：在尘气入口侧安装有迷宫式导流分离板组,使含尘气流进入除尘器后形成突扩状态,其中带有一定速度和能量的粉尘颗粒直接落入灰斗，     

导流板对旋风分离器内气固两相分离性能的影响

通过数值模拟对环形空间设有导流板的旋风分离器进行了研究. 与常规单入口旋风分离器相比,设置导流板显著改善了旋风分离器内的非轴对称流动,使流场的旋转中心与分离器的几何中心重合,从而抑制了旋风分离器内的涡核摆动现象. 气固两相模拟结果表明,加入导流板可明显提高旋风分离器的分离效率,尤其是对于粒径为5 mm的小颗粒,分离效率从53.4%提高到94.6%,捕集效率显著提高.     

气固两相流动的LDV测试技术研究与实施

介绍了气固两相流动的ＬＤＶ测试方法和有关技术。并对方管内网栅后气固两相流动进行了测量，固相颗粒平均粒径Ｄｐ＝９００μｍ，颗粒质量分数α＝０．２０５％、０．３０％。试验给出了管内不同断面上气流及颗粒速度分布情况，通过与纯气流条件下的试验结果比较，分析了不同质量分数的颗粒对气流速度结构的影响，并对同样条件下的颗粒与气流速度分布进行了比较。     

SLC-S分解炉增加物料进口时气固两相流场的数值模拟

以SLC-S分解炉为基准模型,新增一个物料进口,分别对两物料进口在不同的相对位置时的气固两相流场进行了数值模拟.对连续相、颗粒相的计算分别采用k-ε双方程湍流模型和离散相模型,对离散相与湍流之间的相互作用采用随机跟踪模型.模拟所得的气流场分布规律与模型实测结果吻合较好,而且所预测的固、气停留时间以及固气停留时间比值与模型实验预测值相一致.对结构进行优化的模拟结果表明:当两物料进口之间的水平投影夹角大于或等于135°时,尤其是在157.5°时,物料在分解炉内的分散状况皆良好,物料停留时间的绝对值和固气停留时间比值皆很高,为适宜的夹角范围.     

旋风分离器内气固两相流动特性的模拟研究

通过数值模拟对旋风分离器内的气固两相流动进行研究。采用RSM湍流模型和DPM两相流模型分析旋风分离器内的气固两相流动特性。旋风分离器内的气流切向速度呈中心准强制涡、外侧准自由涡的双涡分布,分界面大约在0.8倍排气管半径处;气流轴向速度呈中心上行、外侧下行的双行流分布,分界面即零速包络面大约与排气管直径一致;小粒径颗粒的运动具有随机性,粒径大于7μm的颗粒可以完全被捕集分离;流动的非轴对称特性和顶灰环对气固分离不利,应给予重视。     

负压差立管内气固两相流的流态特性及分析

对于出口插入密相床的立管，管内气固两相的流动特点是下行的颗粒速度大于气体速度和颗粒的逆压差流动，颗粒下行是一个减速运动过程. 管内的气固两相流的流态有两种形式，当GsGsc时，流态是浓相输送流态，气流下行. 两种流态可以互相转变，主要取决于颗粒质量流率的大小. 负压差立管的流态变化与气固两相之间滑落速度和轴向压力的变化密切相关，滑落速度随颗粒质量流率的增加逐渐减小，而轴向压力则逐渐增大以平衡立管的负压差.     

Vertical upward flow of gas-solid two-phase mixtures through monolith channels

This paper reports some recent experimental observations of both gas and gas-solid two-phase flows through small monolith channels. For gas flows, the laminar-to-turbulent transition in monolith channels was observed to occur at a Reynolds number of ∼620, much lower than the conventional transition criterion of 2200 for large pipes. Surface roughness of and non-uniform distribution of gas in monolith channels were proposed to be possible reasons. For gas-solid two-phase flows, both pressure drop and solids hold-up were measured. It was found that the pressure drop of gas-solid two-phase flows through monolith channels was significantly lower than that through packed particle beds with even lower surface area per unit bed volume. Reprocessing of the pressure drop data in terms of the dimensionless groups showed that the Euler number depended approximately linearly on the solids-to-gas mass flux ratio for a given superficial gas velocity, and suspended particle size imposed little effect under the conditions of this study. Measurements of the solids hold-up showed that the hold-up in monolith channels increased with a decrease in both the gas velocity and the suspended particle size. The pressure drop results were also compared with semi-theories developed for pneumatic conveying. An overprediction was observed, an indication of the need for more controlled experiments for fundamental understanding of the hydrodynamics in monolith channels.The work reported here on gas-solid two-phase flows through monolith channels represents the first attempt in this area as no previously studies have been found in the literature.     

射流流化床中锥形分布板对流动的影响

给出了具有锥形分布板的射流流化床中浓密气固两相流动的多相流体力学基本方程组. 采用二维正交曲线坐标并生成了数值网格,用改进的IPSA方法求解二维正交曲线坐标中的多相流基本方程组,并编制了大型通用程序,流场可视化使用Tecplot软件. 对于给定的模拟计算,计算结果与实验值吻合. 模拟计算中改变了锥形筛板的角度、射流管的直径、床层高度、分布板开孔率的分布、射流气速、床层表观气速等,通过模拟得到床内的流动图像,考察了射流高度及颗粒循环的影响.     

稀疏两相射流中颗粒碰撞的数值研究

为了研究稀疏气固两相流动中颗粒间的碰撞行为及其对颗粒扩散的影响,对三维两相湍流射流进行了直接数值模拟。其中对流场控制方程的求解采用有限容积法和分步投影算法,对颗粒的跟踪采用拉格朗日方法,对颗粒间的碰撞采用硬球模型模拟。结果发现,在流场中局部浓度较高的区域颗粒碰撞频繁发生;受局部富集效应和湍流输运作用两方面的影响,颗粒的平均碰撞次数并不是随着Stokes数的增加呈现简单的线性增加,而是在Stokes数为0.1附近存在一个极值;考虑颗粒间的碰撞作用以后,颗粒的分布更加均匀,沿横向和展向的扩散也都有所增加。     

流化床液固两相传质过程的模拟研究进展

液固两相流化床具有液固相接触效率高、传质和传热性能好、颗粒分布均匀等优点，已被广泛应用于众多工业过程中。然而，流化床中与传质过程耦合的颗粒流化的复杂非线性特征及其湍动特性，使得对传质过程特性的研究十分困难。且仅依靠实验观测和理论预测难以揭示多相流相互作用规律，无法获得全面和详细的速度场和浓度场分布情况。近年来，数值模拟的快速发展为深入探索流化床中液固两相流动行为及其与传质过程耦合问题提供了重要的途径。本文对流化床液固两相流动与传质过程模拟方法进行了综述，并对其未来研究趋势进行了展望。借助于计算传质学理论可以更精确地预测局部浓度的分布情况，进而可以深入分析液固两相流化床中的传质过程规律与传质特性，为液固两相流化床的设计和优化提供理论基础。     

DEM-CFD simulation of the particle dispersion in a gas-solid two-phase flow for a fuel-rich/lean burner

The objective of this study was to numerically investigate the particle dispersion mechanisms in the gas-solid two-phase jet for a fuel-rich/lean burner by means of coupling the discrete element method (DEM) with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The DEM was employed to deal with the particle-particle and the particle-wall interaction in the computation of solid flow; while gas flow was computed by CFD based on the commercial software package Fluent. The particles with various Stokes numbers equal to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 (corresponding to particle diameter 10.8, 24.17, 34.18, 48.38 and 59.21 μm, respectively) in the gas-solid fuel-rich/lean jet were investigated in this study. The particle-particle collision was simulated and its effect on the fuel-rich/lean separating performance was evaluated. The results show that the particle-particle collision occurred more frequently with the increasing of Stokes numbers from 0.1 to 3. The particle dispersion became more uniform between the fuel-rich side and the fuel-lean side for particles with small Stokes number; while for particles at St > 1, a better fuel-rich/lean separating performance was achieved. The efficiency of the DEM-CFD coupling method was validated by the corresponding experiments, and a good agreement between the simulation and experiments was achieved as a result of the particle-particle collision.     

填料塔气体分布器二相流场计算流体力学数值模拟

填料塔内气体分布器对进料气流的分布作用和填料塔的分离效率,特别是对低压降、高效填料有重大影响。文中运用计算流体力学(简称CFD),采用欧拉-拉格朗日二相流模型建立了填料塔内双切向气体分布器内三维瞬态气液二相流模型,气体的湍流运动采用k-ε湍流模型计算。模型中考虑了二相之间的作用力,包括液滴所受的曳力和虚拟质量力。求解时时间项采用隐式格式,时间步长取1×10-4s,对流项采用二阶迎风格式,压力-速度耦合方程的求解采用了S imp lec方法。在不同操作条件下,模型计算得到的压降、夹带、气体分布不均匀度和文献报道的实验值吻合较好。从而可以看出,CFD模型可以较为准确地描述双切向环流式气体分布器内瞬时气液二相流场。     

Hydrodynamics of gas-solid two-phase mixtures flowing upward through packed beds

The work reported here represents part of an effort to address the challenges related to a newly proposed process for hydrogen production through steam-methane reforming, in which a fine adsorbent carried by the gaseous reactants moves through a packed catalyst bed. Comprehensive experimental work was carried out on the hydrodynamic aspects of gas-solid two-phase mixtures flowing upwards through packed beds. The effects of column diameter, packed particle size, and suspended particle size on the pressure drop and solids hold-ups were investigated. It was observed that the pressure drop of gas-solid two-phase flows depended approximately linearly on the solids flux under the conditions of this work, and the dependence was affected by the suspended particle size, packed particle size, packed column diameter, and gas velocity. However, when the data were reprocessed in terms of the Euler number and the solid-to-gas mass flux ratio, they collapsed into a single line for a given packing condition, and the suspended particle size was found to impose little effect. An analysis was conducted on the pressure drop using a modified version of Metha-Hawley equation by taking into account the effects of suspended particles on the viscosity and density. A reasonably good agreement with experimental data was obtained. The experimental results of the solids hold-ups showed that the particle concentration in packed particle interstices was much higher than that at the entrance to the packed column. Effort was also made to relate the solids hold-ups to the operating parameters. It was found that the dynamic hold-up related fairly well to the solid-to-gas velocity ratio as well as the suspended-to-packed particle size ratio for a given packed column, whereas no clear relationship was obtained for the static solids hold-up. Based on the results of this study, recommendations for future work are given.     

Numerical simulation of liquid-solid two-phase flow in a tubular loop polymerization reactor

Understanding hydrodynamics of tubular loop reactors is crucial in proper scale-up and design of these reactors. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have shown promise in gaining this understanding. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) CFD model, using a Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model incorporating the kinetic theory of granular flow, was developed to describe the steady-state liquid-solid two-phase flow in a tubular loop propylene polymerization reactor composing of loop and axial flow pump. Corresponding simulations were carried out in the commercial CFD code Fluent. The entire flow field in the loop reactor was calculated by the model. The predicted pressure gradient data were found to agree well with the classical calculated data. Furthermore, the model was used to investigate the influences of the circulation flow velocity and the sold particle size on the solid hold-up. The simulation results showed that the solid hold-up has a relatively uniform distribution in the loop reactor at small particles in volume and high-circulation flow velocities.