多级孔硅铝酸盐的结构特性及其除湿性能

采用水热法制备出具有深度除湿功能(RH20%)、高饱和吸附量和中低温快速脱附性能(100℃)的除湿轮用多级孔硅铝酸盐吸附剂。采用N2-吸附脱附、XRD、透射电镜、FT-IR和NMR等技术表征吸附剂的微观结构;采用动态水汽吸附分析仪(DVS)测试其吸附-脱附性能。结果发现,通过控制制备前体的微晶温度,可调控吸附剂在中低湿度工况下的除湿性能:微晶温度是通过影响吸附剂微观结构中有序介孔和类微孔结构的比例,来影响吸附剂的深度除湿功能;升高微晶温度会提高吸附剂中类微孔和骨架Al比例从而强化其深度除湿能力,但会显著降低介孔有序度及总孔容,削弱其饱和吸附量及脱附性能;过高的类微孔和骨架Al比例会提高吸附剂的脱附再生温度,增大除湿能耗。     

钛改性硅胶块体吸附剂除湿性能研究

采用浸渍沉积法制得钛改性硅胶块体吸附剂.对块体吸附剂的孔结构进行表征;考察了改性硅胶吸附剂动、静态除湿性能以及在吸附/脱附过程中湿度场、温度场的变化.结果表明,改性后的硅胶,其微孔、中孔孔径有所减少,而孔容和比表面显著增大;钛改性硅胶的吸附性能好于硅胶,而脱附能力劣于硅胶;由于钛改性硅胶产生更多的吸附热,吸附时出口气流温度略高于硅胶,而脱附时正好相反.     

三维有序大/介孔TiO2反opal光阳极制备及光电性能

通过添加不同含量的造孔剂聚乙二醇2000（PEG2000）,在二氧化钛反蛋白石结构（TiO₂反opal）光阳极骨架结构中引入介孔结构,制备出了三维有序大/介孔TiO₂反opal光阳极。用SEM和TEM表征了该光阳极的表面形貌,应用紫外可见光谱表征了其染料吸附-脱附性能,测试了基于该光阳极结构的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换特性和阻抗特性。结果表明,介孔结构的引入使TiO₂反opal光阳极染料吸附能力增强,组装为染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）后光电转换效率提高,电池交流阻抗降低。同时,随着PEG2000含量的增加,光电转换性能呈现先增加后减小的趋势,这可能来源于过量的PEG2000可造成宏孔骨架结构的破坏。     

有序介孔碳对低浓度气相萘的吸附特性分析

对3种常见有序介孔碳（OMCs）吸附脱除典型气相多环芳烃--萘进行了研究。分别采用吸附等温线模型（Langmuir、Freundlich、Sips）和恒定浓度波动力学模型对吸附等温线和穿透曲进行拟合分析。采用程序升温脱附法通过失重曲线分析了吸附剂的再生性能。结果表明：Langmuir模型和Sips模型能很好地描述低浓度气相萘在OMCs上的静态吸附行为（R² > 99%），吸附量呈CMK-5 > CMK-3 > FDU-15排列。恒定浓度波动力学模型具有较高的拟合度，介孔促使3种吸附剂对萘分子具有较高的吸附扩散系数。具有微通孔结构的CMK-5和FDU-15表现出更好的再生性能。综合吸脱附动力学分析，CMK-5在3种吸附剂中表现出更好的应用潜能。     

乙醇胺改性多孔材料吸附电厂烟气中CO_2的研究

采用乙醇胺(MEA)对有序介孔氧化铝(OMA)、有机铝(MIL-53(Al))、NaY分子筛进行改性,制备出3种吸附剂(OMA-MEA、MIL-53(Al)-MEA、NaY-MEA)。通过N_2等温吸附脱附曲线(BET、BJH)、红外光谱(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对吸附剂进行表征,探讨吸附压力、空速及再生时间和次数等对吸附剂吸附CO_2性能的影响。结果表明,3种吸附剂的表面结构有所差异,最终造成其对CO_2的吸附能力有一定的差异。随着吸附压力的增加,3种吸附剂的饱和吸附量均有所增加。3种材料的吸附效果和选择性随着空速的增加,均有所减弱。3种吸附剂经过再生-吸附连续循环8次后,CO_2饱和吸附量的下降率控制在5%以内,吸附性能稳定。     

介孔SiO2吸附CO2的性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,端氨基聚氧化丙烯醚（D2000）为模板剂,在水和乙醇的混合溶液中合成了蠕虫状介孔结构的介孔SiO₂（记为MSU-J）。采用物理浸渍的方法利用四乙烯五胺（TEPA）改性介孔MSU-J。采用红外、N₂吸附/脱附、元素分析表征改性介孔SiO₂。红外测试表明,经过物理浸渍可以将有机胺负载到介孔SiO₂上。N₂吸附/脱附试验表明,经过氨基修饰后,介孔SiO₂的介孔结构没有发生变化,但是介孔的孔容、孔径以及比表面积随着氨基浸渍量的增加而减小。在25℃和45℃,0.1 MPa下的纯CO₂吸附试验表明,氨基改性材料对CO₂吸附效果明显提高。当浸渍量为20%、吸附条件为25℃/0.1 MPa时,吸附量达到最大值138.6mg/g。当氨基含量继续增加时,吸附量反而降低。循环性试验表明,制备的吸附剂具有良好的循环性能,循环使用6次,材料的吸附量下降很少。     

载银介孔SBA-15吸附剂的制备及其对脂肪酸甲酯的吸附研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15作为载体,在3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)对SBA-15表面修饰的基础上负载银离子制备Ag⁺-APTS/SBA-15吸附剂,采用氮气吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)对吸附剂进行表征,并将吸附剂应用于混合脂肪酸甲酯的分离以考察其吸附性能。氮气吸附-脱附、XRD和TEM分析结果可以看出,制备的吸附剂具有规则有序孔道结构;FT-IR数据显示,介孔SBA-15表面被APTS成功修饰;SEM-EDS结果表明,银离子成功负载到载体SBA-15上;对混合脂肪酸甲酯吸附研究表明,该吸附剂对不饱和脂肪酸甲酯(UFAMEs)吸附效果较好,且随着银离子负载量的增加以及UFAMEs双键数的增多,吸附效果增强;当银离子负载量为25%时,吸附剂对亚麻酸甲酯吸附率高达53.47%。     

贯通有序大孔SnO2气敏材料的制备及气敏性能

以聚苯乙烯（PS）微球为模板,氧化锡（SnO₂）纳米晶为骨架,采用颗粒模板法成功制备了贯通有序大孔SnO₂气敏材料。改变PS微球的粒径,可以调节大孔SnO₂气敏材料的大孔孔径,本文以平均粒径约284nm和356nm的PS微球制备了大孔孔径分别约为200nm和260nm的贯通有序大孔SnO₂气敏材料。对制备的样品进行了热重、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和氮气吸附脱附分析。结果表明：大孔排列高度有序,孔道贯通,孔壁由SnO₂纳米晶构成。制备的大孔SnO₂气敏材料不仅具备大孔-介孔-微孔结构,而且具有大的比表面积,具备优异的气敏性能。气敏测试结果表明孔径为200nm和260nm的贯通有序大孔SnO₂在280℃的工作温度下对300mL/L的乙醇气体的灵敏度为145、245,分别是无大孔SnO₂纳米晶的2.2倍、3.7倍。     

混合胺修饰的介孔硅胶吸附CO2性能研究

以介孔硅胶为载体,采用"嫁接+浸渍"两步法制备了混合胺(APTS+TEPA)修饰的介孔硅胶吸附剂。在固定床中考察了3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)负载量、吸附温度、进气流量对CO2吸附性能的影响,并研究了吸附剂的循环稳定性。结果表明,当APTS负载量30%,TEPA负载量30%(TEPA30-APTS30-MSG),吸附温度为70℃,进气流量为30 m L/min时,该吸附剂表现出最好的吸附性能,饱和吸附量高达3.04 mmol/g,较纯TEPA浸渍提高了37.6%。该吸附剂经10次吸脱附循环后,饱和吸附量仅下降2.96%,具有较好的循环稳定性。     

有序介孔CeO2的合成及其催化性能

以介孔氧化硅（SBA-15）为模板,采用水热法合成有序介孔CeO2。利用X射线衍射仪、N2吸附脱附仪、透射电子显微镜和热重分析仪对样品进行表征。研究了SBA-15与硝酸铈摩尔比对介孔CeO2结构和性能的影响,并对所制备的介孔CeO2进行储放氧性能（oxygen storage/release capacity,OSC）...     

纳米腐殖酸动态吸附废水中镉离子及其洗脱特性

在静态法研究纳米腐殖酸吸附模拟含镉废水基础上搭建考察模拟含镉废水中镉离子在吸附剂上动态吸附及洗脱特性的吸附柱实验装置,考察镉离子溶液浓度、吸附(脱附)温度、共存离子和进料流速对穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量的影响,运用Thomas模型研究了纳米腐殖酸柱吸附过程动力学机理,测定了再生后纳米腐殖酸的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量,结果表明:初始镉离子浓度150 mg·L^-1和流速10 ml·min^-1下,其饱和吸附量分别为426.3 mg·g^-1和405.5 mg·g^-1;Thomas模型所得饱和吸附量q_em分别为364.1、436.1和441.9 mg·g^-1;洗脱峰镉离子浓度分别为3.3、12.0和22.0 g·L^-1;共存离子SO₄^2-浓度增加,纳米腐殖酸对镉离子的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量降低;吸附和脱附均可常温工况进行。经30次吸附和再生后,穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量无明显降低。用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)对纳米腐殖酸吸附再生前、后性能进行表征,结果表明:纳米腐殖酸物化性能稳定,形貌基本无变化,尺度发生一定程度减小,表面及内部的氨基、羟基等对吸附镉离子均发挥有效作用,该材料可满足重复使用。     

多壁碳纳米管嵌入13X/MgCl2复合吸附剂的性能实验

配制了将不同含量的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）加入复合吸附剂13X/MgCl₂中制成的新型复合吸附剂,并对其吸附、脱附和导热性能进行了测试。实验结果表明：新型复合吸附剂在闭式200℃脱附完成后,新型复合吸附剂的吸附残余量随着MWCNT含量的升高而减小,13X的吸附残余量是MWCNT含量最高的13X/MgCl₂/MWCNT（CNT-5）复合吸附剂的吸附残余量的2倍,虽然MWCNT的加入不会对13X/MgCl₂复合吸附剂在室温下的吸附性能有影响,CNT-5在开式、闭式的平衡吸附量可以达到0.52 g·g^-1和0.38 g·g^-1,分别是13X吸附量（0.24 g·g^-1）的2.2和1.6倍,但新型复合吸附剂可以脱附更多的水蒸气。新型复合吸附剂的热导率随着MWCNT含量的增大而升高,CNT-5的热导率可以达到0.265 W·m^-1·K^-1,是13X热导率的4.9倍。     

Adsorptive potential of Acacia nilotica based adsorbent for chromium(VI) from an aqueous phase

The objective of this research was to enhance adsorption capacity of Acacia nilotica (keekar) sawdust for the abatement of chromium bearing wastewater and to investigate the effect of process parameters on adsorption capacity. The sawdust was activated by acid wash and functionalized subsequently with formaldehyde. Functionalization of activated sawdust raised its chromium removal efficiency of almost 10% as compared to its adsorption removal efficiency of HCl treated sawdust in a batch adsorption study. Adsorption kinetic data provided better fitting with pseudo second order model. Maximum adsorption capacity calculated through the best fitting Langmuir model was 6.34 mg·g^-1 and 8.2 mg·g^-1 for HCl treated and formaldehyde functionalized sawdust adsorbents, respectively. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was endothermic when studied by varying temperature from 20℃ to 50℃ for both activated and functionalized adsorbents.     

Behavior of phenol adsorption on thermal modified activated carbon

Adsorption process is acknowledged as an effective option for phenolic wastewater treatment. In this work, the activated carbon(AC) samples after thermal modification were prepared by using muffle furnace. The phenol adsorption kinetics and equilibrium measurements were carried out under static conditions at temperature ranging from 25 to 55 °C. The test results show that the thermal modification can enhance phenol adsorption on AC samples. The porous structure and surface chemistry analyses indicate that the decay in pore morphology and decrease of total oxygen-containing functional groups are found for the thermal modified AC samples. Thus, it can be further inferred that the decrease of total oxygen-containing functional groups on the modified AC samples is the main reason for the enhanced phenol adsorption capacity. For both the raw sample and the optimum modified AC sample at 900 °C, the pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir models are found to fit the experimental data very well. The maximum phenol adsorption capacity of the optimum modified AC sample can reach144.93 mg·g-1which is higher than that of the raw sample, i.e. 119.53 mg·g-1. Adsorption thermodynamics analysis confirms that the phenol adsorption on the optimum modified AC sample is an exothermic process and mainly via physical adsorption.     

磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯对Cu2+的吸附行为

为了提高氧化石墨烯(GO)的吸附能力和分离效果,采用恒温搅拌法和水热法制备磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯(M-T-GO)复合吸附剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和透射电镜(TEM)测试方法对其进行表征,并对M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的pH、吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学进行研究。结果表明,M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的吸附符合二级反应动力学和Langmuir吸附等温式描述,吸附反应为自发吸热过程,饱和吸附量为245.09 mg·g^-1,同时具有快速分离和易再生的优点。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)推测M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的吸附机理,结果表明M-T-GO主要通过螯合作用和静电引力对Cu²⁺进行吸附。     

Superhigh selective capture of volatile organic compounds exploiting cigarette butts-derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbent

Herein, we develop cost-efficient superhigh-performance of engineering carbonaceous adsorbent from cigarette butts using combined wet-impregnated and re-dispersed method of KOH, which optimizes the implant approach of activator, breaking the restriction of selective capture of toluene using traditional activated carbon. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume of targeted adsorbent can attain 3088 m²·g^-1 and 1.61 cm³·g^-1, respectively, by optimizing the temperature-dependent synthetic factor effect of the adsorbent. The adsorption capacity of resultant adsorbent for presenting volatile benzene and toluene shows a positive correlation with increasing carbonization temperature of carbon precursor. Besides, we demonstrated the unsmoked and smoked butts derived adsorbents afford feeble difference in saturated adsorbed capacity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The highest adsorption capacity of sample CF-800 for benzene and toluene in CF group is as high as 1268.1 and 1181.6 mg·g^-1 respectively, slightly higher than that of sample UF-800, but far outperforming reported other adsorbents. The predicted adsorption selectivity of CF-800 and UF-800 for C₇H₈/H₂O (g) using the DIH (difference of isosteric heats) equation reach up to ca. 3800 and 7500 respectively, indicating the weak adsorbability of water vapor on the developed adsorbent and greater superiority of the smoked butts derived adsorbents in selective capture of VOCs at low relative humidity in the competitive adsorption process for practical mixed VOCs.     

喷雾干燥法制备氧化镁材料及其吸附性能

采用喷雾干燥结合热处理法制备花瓣状的MgO,通过对热处理温度的调整,实现MgO表面形貌的调控。研究了所制备MgO粉末作为吸附剂对刚果红的吸附性能,当热处理温度为400℃,得到花瓣状的MgO纳米结构,比表面积达到140.5 m²·g^-1,且对刚果红溶液的饱和吸附量约为1480 mg·g^-1。它们对刚果红的吸附能力比报道的其他花瓣状结构的金属氧化物要高。此外,对其吸附模型、吸附动力学以及吸附机制进行探究,表明吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,所制备样品对刚果红溶液的吸附过程可以由准二级动力学来描述。所制备的花瓣状MgO其高效的吸附性能,使其成为非常有前景的吸附剂用于去除污水中的刚果红染料。     

Static and dynamic adsorption of fluoride using La(Ⅲ)-loaded chitosan beads crosslinked with EGDE

利用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)替代戊二醛对壳聚糖微球进行交联,然后负载稀土镧离子La(Ⅲ),制备得到新型的除氟剂（CEB-La）。研究了CEB-La对F^-的静态和动态吸附性能。静态吸附实验结果表明：该除氟剂的静态吸附条件为pH7.0、温度50℃、吸附时间60 min、振荡频率120 r·min^-1;当CEB-La用量3 g·L^-1时,对浓度10 mg·L^-1含氟水的除氟率可达92.9%;CEB-La对F^-的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线,饱和吸附容量为25.7 mg·g^-1;拟二级动力学方程能较好地描述CEB-La对F^-的吸附动力学过程;CEB-La吸附饱和后,经NaOH溶液处理后再与镧离子螯合,可有效再生;共存阴离子特别是CO ^{2 -}₃ 和HCO^-₃对CEB-La的除氟性能有不利影响。动态吸附实验结果表明：进水流量3 ml·min^-1时,CEB-La适于处理F^-浓度2～15 mg·L^-1的含氟水;利用Thomas模型可较好地描述CEB-La对F^-的动态吸附特征,动态饱和吸附容量为3.67 mg·g^-1。因此,CEB-La的除氟性能优越,再生方法简单,使用成本较低,具有较好的应用前景。     

A high-performance biochar produced from bamboo pyrolysis with in-situ nitrogen doping and activation for adsorption of phenol and methylene blue

Nitrogen doping is a promising method for the preparation of functional carbon materials. In this study, a nitrogen-doped porous coral biochar was prepared by using bamboo as raw material, urea as nitrogen source, and KHCO³ as green activator through in-situ pyrolysis. The structure of the obtained biochar was characterized by various techniques including nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and etc. The adsorption properties of nitrogen-doped biochar were evaluated with phenol and methylene blue probes. The results showed that the nitrogen source ratio had a significant effect on the evolution of pore structure of biochar. Low urea addition ratio was beneficial to the development of pore structures. The optimum specific surface area of nitrogen-doped biochar could be up to 1693 m²·g^-1. Nitrogen doping can effectively improve the adsorption capacity of biochar to phenol and methylene blue. Biochar prepared at 973.15 K with low urea addition ratio exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for phenol and methylene blue, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 169.0 mg·g^-1 and 499.3 mg·g^-1, respectively. By comparing the adsorption capacity of various adsorbents in related fields, it is proved that the nitrogen-doped biochar prepared in this study has a good adsorption effect.     

石墨烯-13X/LiCl复合吸附剂开式吸附-解吸性能

利用不同质量分数的石墨烯（MLG）与13X/LiCl合成新型复合吸附剂。通过扫描电镜（SEM）和N₂吸附表征复合吸附剂的微观形貌和孔隙特性,测试了复合吸附剂开式环境下的水蒸气吸附及解吸性能,并探究复合吸附剂中石墨烯质量分数对吸附解吸性能的影响。通过80%相对湿度（RH）的高湿工况进一步筛选出盐的质量分数为18.4%的13X/LiCl为最佳盐含量的吸附剂（MZ）作为合成复合吸附剂的基质。实验结果表明：石墨烯增加了复合吸附剂的结构性参数（比表面积,孔体积及孔径）,其中比表面积由未添加石墨烯的MZ [(262±3)g/m²],最大可提升至12G-MZ [(304±4)g/m²];复合吸附剂表现出优异的水蒸气吸附性能,所有复合吸附剂的相对吸附量均高于MZ（0.554g/g）,3G-MZ吸附性能最佳,水蒸气吸附量高达0.587g/g,是13X的2.7倍;除12G-MZ外,随着吸附剂中石墨烯质量分数的增加,水蒸气解吸率随之增加,其中9G-MZ的解吸率接近90%,较MZ（81.8%）提升了9.7%。该研究可为复合吸附剂应用于吸附空气取水提供基础研究数据。