液滴碰撞亲-疏水性组合壁面的数值分析

采用VOF方法对液滴碰撞亲-疏水性组合壁面过程进行数值模拟。通过量纲1化,在Reynolds数不变的情况下,研究Weber数和亲水性区域直径对液滴碰撞动态特性的影响,绘制了液滴碰撞结果分区图。结果表明:随着Weber数从1增加至100,液滴呈现出附着、短液滴一次破碎和长液滴多次破碎3种状态;液滴破碎过程受到表面张力、壁面黏附力及Rayleigh不稳定性的影响,亲水性区域直径增加时,液滴破碎所对应的临界Weber数随之增大;此外,Weber数较大时,液滴最大铺展因子不受亲水性区域直径的影响,Weber数较小时,最大铺展因子随亲水性区域直径的增大而增大。     

液滴撞击不同浸润性壁面动态过程的数值模拟

采用VOF方法模拟了液滴以相同速度撞击到接触角分别为63°、90°、118°和160°的固体壁面上的形态演变过程。结果表明:固壁的亲憎水性对液滴撞击表面后形态的演化有较大影响,亲水壁面有利于液滴的铺展,在接触角为90°的壁面上液滴部分反弹,而当接触角为160°时,液滴完全反弹;当三相接触线开始回缩时,中心液体的表层部分在惯性力的作用下继续向铺展的液滴边缘聚集,导致近中心处液膜逐渐减薄至断裂,最终形成边缘较厚的液环;同时,液滴最大铺展系数随壁面接触角的增大而减小,达到最大铺展系数的时间也相应缩短。     

液滴碰撞球形凹曲面复合level set-VOF法的数值分析

采用复合水平集法和流体体积法建立液滴冲击球形凹曲面的数值模型,通过分析计算结果揭示了液滴撞壁流动及破碎机制。研究表明:液滴的撞壁特性与液滴碰撞速度密切相关;液滴凹曲面撞壁与平面撞壁相比,铺展系数较小,回弹射流出现时间超前,回弹射流速度较大。量纲1分析得出:液滴的最大铺展系数和相对最大铺展速度与Reynolds数近似幂递增,液滴的相对最大射流长度与Reynolds数近似对数递增,液滴的相对最大射流速度与Reynolds数近似幂递减。对比分析现有液滴撞壁最大铺展系数理论解析模型,提出了液滴凹曲面撞壁最大铺展系数解析模型的发展方向。     

三维微管液滴形成及破碎的数值模拟

基于多相流模型的VOF方法求解三维坐标下微管末端液滴形成过程,参考丙三醇溶液,分别探讨不同表面张力、密度、射流速度下液滴形成过程,和液滴断裂长度、形成时间、主液滴直径受其影响情况,并分析断裂阶段轴线上压力和轴向速度分布。     

基于VOF熔融金属液滴碰撞基板热特性分析

在熔融沉积成型（FDM）工艺过程中,为保证金属熔滴之间能较好融合,本文以金属丝材为研究对象,通过加热使金属丝熔化形成熔滴。首先对熔滴变形过程进行了分析,采用两相流模型,结合建立好的熔滴沉积理论模型,通过数值计算分别模拟了单颗、两颗熔滴碰撞铺展、融合的过程。通过有限元分析得到可视化结果,分析了不同金属熔滴尺寸、温度和基板摩擦系数等参数对熔滴沉积的影响。分析计算结果表明熔滴铺展变形过程和温度场、速度场变化相吻合。     

低流量微管末端液滴形成及破碎的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法,对在重力作用下微管末端液滴缓慢形成及脱落的动力学过程进行分析和研究.采用有限体积法在轴对称坐标系下求解液滴形成与破碎过程的Navier-Stokes方程,采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法以及基于PLIC(piecewise-linear interface construction)...     

不同浸润性冷表面上水滴碰撞结冰的数值模拟

对冷水滴撞击不同表面时的动力学行为和相变过程进行了模拟。通过耦合VOF和Level-set方法追踪气液自由界面,结合焓-孔隙度相变模型,模拟水滴撞击冷表面的动力学行为及相变特征。选取亲水（接触角30°）、疏水（接触角114°）和超疏水（接触角163°）3种典型浸润性的表面,计算了多种壁温条件下的水滴撞击结冰过程。结果表明提高表面疏水性,将减小水滴与冷表面的接触时间和接触面积,降低水滴内的相变速率,延缓水滴结冰的时间。在表面温度高于-15℃时,超疏水表面可以避免冷水滴的冻结黏附,保持表面洁净。将模拟得到的最大铺展直径、回缩速率以及冻结情况,与已有实验结果进行对比验证,表明了模拟方法的有效性和准确性。     

圆柱壁面上液滴凝固相变对其运动行为的影响

采用CLSVOF耦合焓-多孔介质方法对单液滴撞击低温光滑圆柱壁面的现象进行数值模拟研究,揭示了壁面温度、壁面浸润性和液滴撞击速度等因素对液滴撞击低温光滑圆形壁面后动力学行为及相变特性的影响,研究中主要关注两个重要参数的变化规律：液膜高度变化和液滴对壁面的润湿特性。研究表明：提高壁面疏水性能可有效减小液滴碰撞圆柱的铺展润湿面积,从而减小冻结面积,降低结冰的危害程度;由于圆柱壁面的曲率作用,液滴撞击疏水圆柱壁面会出现液膜断裂,但在极低温度下,可抑制液膜在圆形壁面上的分裂,导致液膜在壁面上的铺展面积有所增加,防结冰性能下降。     

疏水性金属-有机骨架材料的研究进展

金属-有机骨架（metal-organic frameworks, MOFs）材料是一种由金属离子和有机配体通过自组装形成的新型多孔材料,具有优异的物理及化学性能,因而在气体吸附储存、气体分离以及工业催化等方面表现出良好的应用潜力。但在应用的过程中,无处不在的水分子会影响MOFs骨架的稳定性和吸附性能,极大地制约了其实际应用。本文介绍了近年来疏水性MOFs材料的研究进展,重点论述了金属离子和有机配体对调控MOFs亲疏水性的影响以及通过配体后修饰和疏水性物质复合等提高疏水性的方法,分析了MOFs材料的亲疏水性机理,同时提出了实验结合计算机模拟技术筛选疏水性MOFs的手段。最后,指出目前疏水性MOFs材料合成存在的问题及解决方法,期望为今后拓宽MOFs材料在高湿环境中的应用提供一些有用的参考。     

疏水性沸石分子筛的特性及表面改性研究

介绍了疏水性沸石分子筛的疏水机理、吸附特性和表面改性技术 ,探讨了这一技术用于二氧化碳控制技术的发展前景     

Three‐dimensional direct simulation of a droplet impacting onto a solid sphere with low‐impact energy

In this paper, a numerical model is developed for direct simulation of droplet impinging onto a spherical surface on a fixed Eulerian mesh. The model couples the level‐set method and the interfacial cell immersed boundary method to the single‐fluid formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations which are solved by a finite‐volume projection technique. Moving contact lines are modelled here with a simple static contact angle model. The model is shown to converge, and to agree with previous work in the literature. The model is then applied to investigate the impact behaviour of a droplet onto solid sphere of different diameters at low Weber number and low Reynolds number. The simulation results show that the droplet used in present study seems to deposit on different spherical surfaces through oscillating. The simulated results also suggest that the impacted‐sphere size has a significant effect on the impact dynamics of the droplet. A local breakage phenomenon may be found in the centre of the droplet collision with a smaller sphere during the first recoiling stage. A regime map is then established to provide quantitative analysis for the breakage mode of the current impacting process.     

Numerical simulations of drop impact and spreading on horizontal and inclined surfaces

The phenomenon of drop spreading is important to several process engineering applications. In the present work, numerical simulations of the dynamics of drop impact and spreading on horizontal and inclined surfaces were carried out using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. For the horizontal surfaces, the dynamics of impact and spreading of glycerin drops on wax and glass surfaces was investigated for which the experimental measurements were available [Šikalo, Š., Tropea, C., Ganic, E.N., 2005a. Dynamic wetting angle of a spreading droplet. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 29, 795-802; Šikalo, Š., Tropea, C., Ganic, E.N., 2005b. Impact of droplets onto inclined surfaces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 286, 661-669]. The influence of surface wetting characteristics was investigated by using static contact angle (SCA) and dynamic contact angle (DCA) models. The dynamics of drop impact and spreading on inclined surfaces and the different regimes of drop impact and spreading process were also investigated. In particular, the effects of surface inclination, surface wetting characteristics, liquid properties and impact velocity on the dynamics of drop impact and spreading were investigated numerically and the results were verified experimentally. It was found that the SCA model can predict the drop impact and spreading behavior in quantitative agreement with the experiments for less wettable surfaces (SCA>90^°). However, for more wettable surfaces (SCA<90^°), the DCA observed at initial contact times were order of magnitude higher than SCA values and therefore the DCA model is needed for the accurate prediction of the spreading behavior.     

喷雾冷冻法单个液滴冻结过程模拟

喷雾冷冻液滴的冻结过程决定着干燥产品的微结构。本文以单个雾化液滴为研究对象,利用数值模拟的方法研究了液滴大小、气体流速和环境温度3个参数对其冻结过程的影响。结果发现,液滴越大冻结时所需的形核时间和完全固化时间越长,而且冻结过程随着气体流速的增大和环境温度的降低而缩短。通过方差分析发现,液滴大小较气体流速和环境温度对液滴完全固化时间的影响有较显著差异。液滴冷冻过程中,其质量损失率随着液滴大小的增大而略有减小,随着气体流速的增加及环境温度的降低而减小,其中环境温度对液滴质量损失率的影响最大。     

Dynamic polygonal spreading of a droplet on a lyophilic pillar-arrayed surface

We experimentally investigated the dynamic polygonal spreading of droplets on lyophilic pillar-arrayed substrates. When deposited on lyophilic rough surfaces, droplets adopt dynamic evolutions of projected shapes from initial circles to final bilayer polygons. These dynamic processes are distinguished in two regimes on the varied substrates. The bilayer structure of a droplet, induced by micropillars on the surface, was explained by the interaction between the fringe (liquid in the space among the micropillars) and the bulk (upper liquid). The evolution of polygonal shapes, following the symmetry of the pillar-arrayed surface, was analysed by the competition effects of excess driving energy and resistance which were induced by micropillars with increasing solid surface area fraction. Though the anisotropic droplets spread in different regimes, they obey the same scaling law S ~ t^2/3 (S being the wetted area and t being the spreading time), which is derived from the molecular kinetic theory. These results may expand our knowledge of the liquid dynamics on patterned surfaces and assist surface design in practical applications.     

高密度差体系中单液滴运动的数值模拟

采用VOSET方法捕捉液液两相运动界面,对高密度差体系中单液滴的运动进行数值模拟,分析不同时刻的表面图和流线图及瞬态速度变化图,研究了单液滴运动过程的速度变化及形变。研究结果表明：液滴形变随密度差和液滴粒径以及界面张力减小而变得剧烈;液滴上升速度随密度差和界面张力的增大而增大;液滴速度振荡幅度随粒径减小而减小;液滴形变的频率随界面张力增大或粒径减小而变小。     

单液滴撞击冷板面的实验和模拟

用实验和模拟的方法研究了直径为3.2 mm的单个蒸馏水液滴与冷板面（温度低于273 K）撞击铺展和固化过程,分析了撞击高度（100、250、500 mm）、板面温度（253、268 K）、板面倾角（0°、30°和60°）对撞击过程的影响以及液滴在冷板面上冻结过程。并模拟了单个普鲁兰多糖溶液液滴在撞击高度为100 mm、板面温度为253 K的过程。结果表明,撞击高度与板面温度对液滴在水平冷板面的铺展过程起到重要作用,板面倾角会影响液滴撞击倾斜板面时的冷冻沉积。物料的黏度会影响液滴冷冻沉积时的铺展速率及铺展直径,而对于较高黏度物料,温度并不起决定作用。模拟和实验结果吻合较好,反映了液滴铺展冻结过程中的温度变化,有利于直观解释液滴发生冻结的状况。     

液滴碰撞倾斜热壁面数值模拟研究

为了研究液滴碰撞复杂热壁面过程中液滴的铺展特性和传热特性,文中基于FTM(Front-Tracking Method)方法对液滴碰撞倾斜固体热壁面过程进行了模拟研究,通过改变壁面倾斜角度、表面张力系数σ,从压力场、流场、惯性力、表面张力等角度对换热现象进行分析和研究。结果表明:液滴撞击倾斜壁面时,在液滴下滑方向一侧三相点处热流密度取得最大值;壁面倾斜角度越大,液滴铺展程度越低,传热减弱;σ影响液滴中后期的铺展特性,σ越大液滴最大铺展系数越小,且回缩越迅速;由于传热大部分发生在液滴碰撞壁面初期铺展阶段,所以σ对液滴与壁面间传热特性影响较小。