铁基氧载体化学链CO_2重整CH_4方法制备合成气

提出一种铁基氧载体(Fe_3O_4/FeO)化学链CO_2重整CH_4方法制备合成气。为评价该系统的性能,采用Aspen Plus软件对其进行过程模拟和热力学分析。以CH_4转化率、CO_2转化率、能源利用效率和产气氢碳比(H_2/CO)为评价指标,得到系统的优化运行条件,并研究各操作参数(包括各反应器的温度和压力、氧载体甲烷比和CO_2甲烷比)对系统性能的影响。结果表明:当系统处于优化工况时,得到CH_4转化率为97.91%、CO_2转化率为32.76%、能源利用效率为93.77%及产气氢碳比为0.93。该系统能有效利用CO_2和CH_4这两种温室气体获得较低氢碳比的合成气,利于二甲醚的高效合成。     

化学链重整制合成气过程模拟

基于化学链重整原理,以甲烷为原料,运用Aspen Plus对化学链重整制合成气系统进行了模拟,并研究了燃料反应器温度TF、水甲烷比W/M及NiO甲烷比Ni/M对重整气组成、合成气产率Y、系统效率η影响。结果表明,化学链重整气组成模拟值与实验值吻合较好。提高TF,重整气中CO、H2O含量有升高趋势,H2、CO2含量略微降低;随着W/M增加,重整气中H2、CO2含量升高,CO含量降低,合成气产率Y几乎不变,系统效率η呈现降低趋势;Ni/M增加,重整气中H2、CO含量以及合成气产率Y呈现先升高后降低趋势,效率η下降,且Ni/M=0.8时,合成气产率Y取得最大值。     

CH4与CO2催化重整制合成气研究进展

本文综述了CH4与CO2重整制合成气的研究进展,对重整催化剂、重整反应机理及重整动力学进行了评述。     

化学链耦合催化重整热解生物油制备合成气

生物油重整制合成气不仅能充分利用生物油中的成分,同时也展现了生物油转化为化学品的高值利用潜能。将载氧体NiFe₂O₄和Ni基催化剂耦合得到催化耦合化学链反应体系,为了比较催化剂的影响机制,分别构建了Ni/Si-NiFe和Ni/VR-NiFe催化耦合化学链反应体系,并以愈创木酚、乙酸和乙醇的纯物质及其混合液作为生物质热解液的模拟物,通过水蒸气重整实验考察了催化剂配比、反应温度、水碳比和反应时间对重整产物分布的影响。基于反应条件的筛选进一步通过寿命试验和BET、SEM表征,验证了反应体系的稳定性。最后,通过单组分及混合液体重整反应系统分析了化学链耦合催化反应体系的重整机制,为生物质热转化制备化学品提供了重要的理论支撑。     

CH4／CO2催化重整制合成气的研究进展

甲烷和二氧化碳反应催化重整制取合成气有效利用两种温室气体,对改善人类生存环境和缓解能源危机具有重要意义,近年来引起广泛研究者的关注。本文参阅了许多有关甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整制合成气的相关文献,概述了近年来在此研究中催化剂的选择、载体的作用、助剂的影响及催化剂积炭等方面的研究进展。     

生物质化学链气化制取合成气模拟研究

利用Aspen Plus软件建立生物质化学链气化制取合成气模型,对铁基生物质化学链气化制取合成气进行模拟计算,分析气化过程中温度和压力等因素变化对生物质气化制取合成气的影响,探讨了氧载体存在对生物质气化过程的影响.结果表明,H2和CO是生物质化学链气化产生的合成气中最主要的两种产物,气化温度的提高对气化过程是有利的,而压力的提高降低了气化效果,气化温度在800℃～850℃较为适宜;载氧体的存在能显著提高合成气的产率.     

Ce1-xNixOy氧载体在化学链甲烷重整耦合CO2还原中的应用

化学链甲烷重整耦合CO₂还原技术既能生产合成气还可以还原CO₂生成CO。采用共沉淀法制备不同Ce/Ni摩尔比的系列Ce_1-xNi_xO_{y（x = 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1）氧载体。通过XRD、BET、XPS及CH4-TPR等表征对氧载体的理化性质进行了研究。系统考察了Ce1-xNixOy氧载体在化学链甲烷重整耦合CO2还原反应中的反应性能。与单一金属氧化物NiO和CeO2相比,Ce1-xNixOy复合氧载体在该反应中具有更高的活性和热稳定性。在甲烷部分氧化阶段,Ce0.2Ni0.8Oy和Ce0.4Ni0.6Oy氧载体具有较高的CH4转化率。经历了20次redox循环实验,Ce0.2Ni0.8Oy氧载体的CO2转化率几乎保持不变,表明Ce0.2Ni0.8Oy氧载体具有较高的热稳定性。}     

非金属氮掺杂活性炭催化剂制备及其催化CH4-CO2重整反应

采用硝酸和尿素联合对活性炭进行改性,制备了富含氮元素的氮掺杂活性炭,考察了孔结构、氮含量和氮种类（吡啶氮、吡咯氮和石墨氮）对CH₄-CO₂重整反应催化性能的影响。采用BET、SEM、EA、FTIR、XPS、CO₂-TPD和TG表征手段对反应前后催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征,对引入活性炭表面的含氮官能团的种类及其在重整过程中所起的作用进行了分析。相比于未改性的原活性炭,硝酸和尿素同时改性制备的氮掺杂活性炭（AC-U.NA）引入了更多的羟基官能团和含氮官能团。特别是通过两者共同改性后,所制备的氮掺杂活性炭引入的吡啶氮官能团比例明显提高,为CH₄-CO₂重整反应提供了更多的活性位点,初始CH₄和CO₂转化率达到55.94%和66.46%。同时经过两者联合改性后,所制备的AC-U.NA材料表面具有极性,不仅有利于酸性CO₂分子的吸附和活化,而且有利于CO₂消碳反应,减少了积炭的生成,对所制备的非金属重整催化剂的活性和抗积炭性具有重要的意义。     

压力对CH4/CO2重整制取合成气反应性能的影响

以Ni／CeO2-Al2O3为催化剂,考察了压力对CH4／CO2重整反应的影响。实验结果表明,提高反应压力不仅使甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率降低,并由于积炭的加剧致使催化剂的失活速度加快。提高原料气中CO2与CH4摩尔比,气体空速,反应温度可以提高催化剂稳定性,减缓催化剂的失活速度。向反应体系中加入消碳能力强的O2同样可以提高催化剂稳定性。     

化学链重整直接制氢技术进展

化学链重整直接制氢技术使用固态金属氧化物作为氧载体代替传统重整过程中所需的水蒸气或纯氧,将燃料直接转化为高纯度的合成气或者二氧化碳和水,被还原的金属氧化物则可以与水蒸气再生并直接产生氢气,实现了氢气的近零能耗原位分离,是一种绿色高效的新型制氢过程。根据产物和供热方式的不同,可以将化学链重整直接制氢工艺分为双床系统和三床系统两类,并对各系统中氧载体与反应器的设计与选择进行了分析。通过Elingham图对不同氧载体的氧化还原能力进行比较,选取适于直接制氢的金属氧化物,并讨论了氧载体材料研发的最新进展。化学链制氢反应器设计应根据不同原料和产品的特点,选择合适的气-固接触方式,以强化化学链重整直接制氢效率。     

Chemical looping oxidation of CH4 with 99.5% CO selectivity over V2O3-based redox materials using CO2 for regeneration

The main challenge of chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CLDRM) is the development of a high-performance redox material. In this study, V₂O₃ was proved to be a unique redox material possessing high oxygen storage capacity (421.6 mg/g-V₂O₃, CH₄ consumption base) and strong carbon-deposition suppressing capability. It can be reduced to carbide by CH₄, and the carbide can be reoxidized to V₂O₃ with CO₂. Based on this redox cycle, CH₄ conversion with 99.5% CO selectivity coupled with efficient CO₂ splitting to CO was realized successively. However, the CH₄ conversion over pristine V₂O₃ is low (<50%) and not stable, therefore catalytic activation of C-H bonds combined with structural modification of V₂O₃ was carried out to accelerate the stoichiometric reactions and improve the redox stability. Finally, a maximum CH₄ conversion of 81.7% with stable performance during cycles was reached, and further investigation confirmed the series reaction mechanism and identified the rate-controlling step.     

基于CoFe2O4载氧体的生物质化学链气化反应特性

在热重分析仪和固定床反应器上对基于CoFe₂O₄载氧体的生物质化学链气化反应特性进行了研究，考察了载氧体与生物质质量比、水蒸气、反应温度对生物质化学链气化反应特性的影响，同时也对载氧体的循环反应性能进行了研究。通过XRD及SEM对新制备的和反应后的载氧体进行了表征。热重结果表明：CoFe₂O₄能够提供晶格氧，有效促进生物质气化。当CoFe₂O₄与生物质质量比为0.8，水蒸气体积分数为50%，温度为900 ℃时，气化反应效果最好。5次循环反应后，仍能获得较高品质的合成气，载氧体能够循环再生且未出现明显烧结团聚。     

Carbon-negative syngas production: A comprehensive assessment of biomass pyrolysis coupling chemical looping reforming

This article introduces a pyrolysis chemical looping reforming (PCLR) process that produces carbon-negative syngas in autothermal operation. To enhance the system's carbon negativity, a process configuration with oxygen carrier two-stage regeneration is adopted, enabling internal CO₂ utilization. The PCLR process is systematically evaluated and compared to chemical looping gasification and steam gasification processes in the process performance, energy efficiency, and environmental impact using a process model. Results reveal significant improvements over chemical looping gasification, including 69%, 45%, and 4% improvement in syngas yield, energy efficiency, and environmental benefit. Process analysis demonstrates that decoupling volatile reforming from pyrolysis and combustion enhances syngas quality, energy efficiency, and process flexibility. While the two-stage regeneration sacrifices syngas production, it contributes to a 4% increase in carbon negativity and a 15% reduction in carbon emissions. Thus, the PCLR process effectively overcomes the limitations of chemical looping gasification systems and exhibits excellent process intensification performance.     

Hydrogen production through chemical looping using NiO/NiAl2O4 as oxygen carrier

A new autothermal route to produce hydrogen from natural gas via chemical looping technology was investigated. Tests were conducted in a micro-fixed bed reactor loaded with 200 mg of NiO/NiAl₂O₄ as oxygen carrier. Methane reacts with a nickel oxide in the absence of molecular oxygen at 800 °C for a period of time as high as 10 min. The NiO is subsequently contacted with a synthetic air stream (21% O₂ in argon) to reconstitute the surface and combust carbon deposited on the surface. Methane conversion nears completion but to minimize combustion of the hydrogen produced, the oxidation state of the carrier was maintained below 30% (where 100% represents a fully oxidized surface). Co-feeding water together with methane resulted in stable hydrogen production. Although the carbon deposition increased with time during the reduction cycle, the production rate of hydrogen remained virtually constant. A new concept is also presented where hydrogen is obtained from methane with inherent CO₂ capture in an energy neutral 3-reactors CFB process. This process combines a methane combustion step where oxygen is provided via an oxygen carrier, a steam methane reforming step catalyzed by the reduced oxygen carrier and an oxidizing step where the O-carrier is reconstituted to its original state.     

Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of RWGS processes for solar syngas production from CO2

Process systems were investigated for syngas production from CO₂ and renewable energy (solar) by the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) and the reverse water‐gas shift chemical looping (RWGS‐CL) process. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization was performed to maximize the solar‐to‐syngas (StS) efficiency η_StS. Special emphasis was laid on product gas separation. For RWGS‐CL, maximum StS efficiencies of 14.2 and 14.4% were achieved without and with heat integration, respectively. The StS efficiency is dictated by the low overall efficiency of H₂ production. RWGS‐CL is most beneficial for the production of pure CO, where the StS efficiency is one percent point higher compared to that of the RWGS process with heat integration. Heat integration leads to significant reductions in external heat demand since most of the gas phase process heat can be integrated. The StS efficiencies for RWGS and RWGS‐CL achieve the same level as the reported values for solar thermochemical syngas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 15–22, 2017     

生物质化学链气化氧载体的研究进展

生物质化学链气化（chemical looping gasification, CLG）为生物质能源的利用开辟了新途径,氧载体在CLG过程中具有重要作用,其性能是影响CLG反应过程的关键因素。本文重点阐述了CLG技术中氧载体的性能评价指标、类型、制备方法及其对CLG过程中产生焦油的影响。通过对比分析目前研究成果,指出Fe基氧载体在生物质CLG过程中应用最广泛,而Ni基氧载体具有较高的活性和较大的载氧能力,且对于CLG副产物焦油具有较高的催化转化效率。未来该领域研究的重点方向是开发高活性且环境友好的氧载体,推进CLG工艺的工业应用。本文为今后生物质CLG氧载体的开发与优化提供了借鉴。     

化学链燃烧过程Fe2O3/Al2O3载氧体表面CH4反应：ReaxFF-MD模拟

借助ReaxFF-MD方法,对化学链燃烧过程Al₂O₃负载Fe₂O₃载氧体（Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃）表面CH₄反应过程模拟,探究Al₂O₃惰性载体对Fe₂O₃-CH₄体系燃烧过程的调控机制。研究发现添加Al₂O₃惰性载体改变了化学链燃烧过程中Fe₂O₃载氧体反应性和Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃-CH₄反应体系的热力学和动力学行为。主要是促进了Fe₂O₃载氧体表面CH₄氧化,并对CH₄反应过程、中间体、产物及其反应速率和放热量等均具有显著促进和调控作用。原因在于Al₂O₃惰性载体对Fe₂O₃活性相中晶格氧的活化作用促进了晶格氧的迁移-扩散-释放。添加惰性载体增强了Fe₂O₃载氧体在化学链燃烧过程晶格氧释放速率和释放量,有利于CH₄氧化燃烧向合成气的高效、清洁转化,强化了化学链燃烧过程,满足当前能源高效转化和碳减排目标。