中间气两步充压对快速真空变压吸附制氧的影响

针对快速变压吸附制氧浓度和回收率低问题,提出了用于提高产氧浓度和回收率的中间气两步充压的快速真空变压吸附流程,并对该流程进行了研究。结果表明:在快速真空变压吸附制氧过程中,中间气先在出气端充压可以有效提高产氧浓度,之后再在进气端充压可提高氧气回收率。出气端充压前中间气压力及氧浓度和进气端充压后床层压力是影响产氧浓度和回收率提高的关键参数。当吸附和解吸压力分别为240、60 k Pa时,循环氧气回收率为34.57%,且每天产单位吨氧需吸附剂量为61.18 kg·TPD-1。     

小型变压吸附制氧的真空解吸实验

通过实验研究了真空环境对小型变压吸附制氧的影响,考察了真空解吸与常压解吸两种条件下,进气压力、产氧量与均压时间对氧气纯度的影响。实验结果表明:真空解吸有利于提高氧气纯度和缩短产氧启动时间;真空解吸条件下,进气压力、产氧量与均压时间的变化对氧气纯度的影响规律与常压解吸时相同,但影响程度减弱。     

微型变压吸附低压差吸附工艺

通过对微型制氧流程的实验研究和分析,确定了单节流小流量反吹和均压工艺的最佳实验参数,在保证产氧浓度和氧气最大回收率的条件下,该工艺流程吸附压力最低。结果表明：小流量反吹工艺可以提高产品气中氧气浓度（体积分数）,吸附塔出口端单向阀可以有效降低吸附压力;双节流反吹工艺虽然可以提高产品气中氧气浓度,但节流孔径限制了产品氧气输出,导致吸附压力升高;单节流小流量反吹工艺和均压工艺中均压时间与瞬洗时间均存在最佳值。     

节能型 VPSA 富氧工艺优化模拟

根据变压吸附分离原理,建立数学模型,并利用Aspen Adsim软件对三塔VPSA富氧工艺过程进行模拟。通过调整模拟参数考查了循环周期、均压时间等对富氧效果的影响。为了降低工艺能耗,一方面在保证产品气氧气浓度以及回收率的基础上尽量降低吸附压力与解吸压力比,另一方面当吸附塔压力低于大气压力时,借助于压降驱动力采取常压进气方式。结果表明：在本模拟工艺中,当循环时间75 s,均压时间4 s,吸附、解吸压力比为2.88时,得到产品气氧气体积分数为94.6%,回收率为56.6%。     

重叠步骤对真空变压吸附制氧性能的影响

建立了一套半工业性两塔真空变压吸附制氧试验装置,提出了2种循环操作时序,循环一的特征在于具有同时逆向抽真空与清洗、同时逆向抽真空与均压升2个重叠步骤;循环二具有同时逆向抽真空与清洗、同时进气升压与均压升2个重叠步骤.试验结果显示,采用13LiX沸石分子筛,2种循环流程获得体积分数为92.1%的氧气时,回收率分别达到58.9%和64.8%,氧气产率分别为80.9 m3/(h·t)和86.3 m3/(h·t).在较低压比的情况下,2种不同循环流程均能获得较好的制氧性能,吸附塔的最高吸附绝对压力分别约为148 kPa和149 kPa,最高压比分别为3.44和3.39.     

响应面法分析高原环境变压吸附制氧工艺的研究

采用两塔小型变压吸附制氧工艺,运用响应面法在高原模拟舱中研究了海拔高度、吸附时间和均压时间对氧气浓度和回收率的影响。结果表明,海拔高度对氧气浓度的影响最大,吸附时间次之,均压时间影响最小。随着海拔的升高,氧气浓度下降,回收率提高;延长吸附时间和均压时间,可以提高氧气浓度。     

CMS+ZMS二级变压吸附制纯氧的优化研究

文利用电路网络模型对变压吸附制氧工艺流程模拟并优化操作参数后,用碳分子筛吸附空气中大部分的Ar和N2,解吸出的大约70%左右的氧气作为沸石分子筛单元的进料气,在沸石分子筛中除去余下的N2,即可得到产品回收率为28.4%,浓度为99.06%的纯氧。通过模拟发现,在保证氧气纯度的前提下,通过筛选工艺流程,优化阀系数、操作时间、吸附和脱附的压力,从而提高氧气回收率,降低了制纯氧的成本。     

小型变压吸附制氧工艺技术研究

设计两塔小型变压吸附工艺,研究吸附压力、吸附时间、均压时间对氧气浓度和回收率的影响。结果表明,在一定压力范围内,增加吸附压力可以提高氧气浓度和回收率;随着吸附时间的延长,氧气浓度不断增加,最后达到平稳;增加均压时间可以提高氧气浓度和回收率。运用响应面法分析吸附时间、均压时间、流量对氧气浓度的影响,结果显示,流量对氧气浓度的影响最大,吸附时间次之,均压时间影响最小,最佳工艺条件为:吸附时间5.66 s,均压时间1.00 s,流量5.11 L/min,此时氧气浓度为94.80%,氧气回收率为26.33%。     

小型变压吸附制氧工艺技术研究

设计两塔小型变压吸附工艺,研究吸附压力、吸附时间、均压时间对氧气浓度和回收率的影响。结果表明,在一定压力范围内,增加吸附压力可以提高氧气浓度和回收率;随着吸附时间的延长,氧气浓度不断增加,最后达到平稳;增加均压时间可以提高氧气浓度和回收率。运用响应面法分析吸附时间、均压时间、流量对氧气浓度的影响,结果显示,流量对氧气浓度的影响最大,吸附时间次之,均压时间影响最小,最佳工艺条件为:吸附时间5.66 s,均压时间1.00 s,流量5.11 L/min,此时氧气浓度为94.80%,氧气回收率为26.33%。     

双回流真空变压吸附空分模拟

双回流真空变压吸附(Duplex VPSA)是一种中间位置进料,塔顶和塔底分别采用轻、重组分回流的变压吸附过程,能够同时得到较高体积分数的轻、重组分产品。利用Aspen Adsorption模拟软件,以Li-X氧分子筛为吸附剂,对两塔Duplex VPSA空气分离进行了模拟研究。每个循环包含进料/轻组分回流、均压升、重组分产品升压、重组分回流/吸附、均压降、逆向降压6个步骤,在吸附压力200 kPa和解吸压力57 kPa下能够得到体积分数98.08%的氧气和体积分数97.57%的氮气,回收率分别为90.32%和98.89%。研究了不同进料位置、进料流量和回流比对产品气的体积分数和回收率的影响。结果表明,Duplex VPSA过程能够同时得到较高体积分数和回收率的氧气和氮气。     

快速变压吸附制氢工艺的模拟与分析

目前工业上主要通过变压吸附技术从蒸汽甲烷重整气中制取氢产品气。然而,能源需求量的快速增加使得传统变压吸附技术在产量方面的不足越发明显。为此,进行了快速变压吸附从蒸汽甲烷重整气中制取氢气的模拟研究。采用活性炭和5A分子筛作为吸附剂,并以测得的原料气中各组分在两种吸附剂上的吸附数据为基础,进行了六塔快速变压吸附工艺的数值模拟与分析。在分析了塔内温度、压力和固相的浓度分布后,探究了进料流量、双层吸附剂高度比以及冲洗进料比三个操作参数对于快速变压吸附工艺性能的影响,结果表明：原料气组成为H₂/CH₄/CO/CO₂=76%/3.5%/0.5%/20%,吸附压力为22 bar（1 bar=10⁵ Pa）,解吸吹扫压力为1.0 bar,处理量为0.8875 mol·s^-1,吸附剂床层高度比为0.5∶0.5,冲洗进料比为22.37%时,可获得H₂纯度99.90%,回收率69.88%,此时H₂产量为0.4713 mol·s^-1。相比之下,氢气纯度为99.90%时,尽管PSA工艺回收率为83.40%,但处理量只有0.39 mol·s^-1,因此H₂产量仅为0.2472 mol·s^-1。     

π型向心径向流吸附器变质量流动特性研究

对径向流吸附器内变压吸附(PSA)制氧的变质量流动规律进行研究,有助于准确掌握吸附过程及床层内的变量因素对制氧性能的影响。对π型向心径向流吸附器建立气固耦合的两相吸附模型,并对其PSA制氧过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了床层内氧气浓度分布、温度分布以及产品气浓度的变化规律。结果表明：首次循环结束时床层内氧气最高摩尔分数可达66.02%,回收率29.2%。非稳定循环期间,氧气摩尔分数从66.02%升高至 97.5%,回收率从29.2%提高至38.5%。循环达到稳定后,床层内氧气摩尔分数最高可达98.6%,回收率38.9%左右,且达到稳定状态后床层内气固两相温差减小,逐渐达到热平衡。获得了吸附器内部气体与吸附剂两相间的传质、传热过程,为π型向心径向流吸附器用于PSA制氧提供技术支持。     

Evaluation of pressure-temperature swing adsorption for sulfur hexafluoride (SF<Subscript>6</Subscript>) recovery from SF<Subscript>6</Subscript> and N<Subscript>2</Subscript> gas mixture

The separation/concentration of SF₆, a strong greenhouse gas, of 1.3% in N₂ was investigated using pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA) with activated carbon. To screen an effective adsorbent to be used for PTSA, adsorption isotherms on the selected adsorbents were obtained. Among the studied adsorbents, AC-1, a coconut-shell based commercial activated carbon, showed the largest adsorption amount of 3.5 mmol-SF₆/g-carbon at 303.65 K and 3 atm and the highest selectivity among the adsorbents tested. Its adsorption isotherm was well fit into Langmuir-Freundlich model. Before feasibility test of PTSA, a series of experiments were performed to investigate the effect of operating parameters including adsorption pressure, feed flow rate, desorption temperature and evacuation time on the PTSA performance using the 3-step PTSA cycle (pressurization, adsorption and regeneration-recovery). As the adsorption pressure, desorption temperature and evacuation time were increased, respectively, purity and recovery increased. Increasing the feed flow rate resulted in low purity and recovery. The maximum purity of 19.5% and recovery of 50.1% were obtained with adsorption pressure of 2.5 atm, desorption temperature of 200 °C and evacuation of 1 hour.     

非耦联吸附塔新变压吸附工艺的实验研究

通过提氢实验研究一种新的变压吸附工艺.变压吸附流程的主要特征是通过中间均压罐打开吸附塔之间由均压步骤形成的耦联,从而实现了各塔操作的独立性,并提供了降低吸附压力的可能性.以H₂/N₂/CH₄（60/10/30）混合气模拟石油炼厂干气,进行低吸附压力（≤1 MPa）条件下的提氢操作.针对已有变压吸附工艺的不足和新流程特征,确定了新流程的变压吸附循环时序.分别采用普通活性炭（OAC）和高比表面活性炭（SAC）与5A沸石分子筛（ZMS-5A）的组合吸附剂,研究了不同吸附压力下的变压吸附分离效果,证明此种变压吸附新工艺在1 MPa以下、甚至0.4 MPa的低吸附压力下运行,亦可在较高的回收率下达到99.99%的高氢气纯度,并且显示出更强的对偶然性故障的应变能力.     

Performance Comparison of Different Separation Systems for H2 Recovery from Catalytic Reforming Unit Off‐Gas Streams

The performance of pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation, and gas absorption systems for H₂ recovery from refinery off‐gas stream was studied by simulation‐based data. The PSA process was simulated using adsorbents of silica gel and activated carbon for removing heavy and light hydrocarbons. The mole fraction profiles of all components and the relationship between hydrogen purity and recovery as a function of feed pressure were examined. The solution‐diffusion model was applied for modeling and simulation of a one‐stage membrane process. The gas absorption process with a tower tray was simulated at sub‐zero temperature and the correlation between hydrogen purity and recovery as a function of tower pressure and temperature was evaluated at different solvent flow rates.     

13X-APG沸石真空变压变温耦合工艺吸附捕集烟道气中CO2

采用13X-APG沸石吸附捕集烟道气中CO2,并研发了五步循环真空变压变温(VTSA)耦合吸附捕集工艺. 实验测定了循环吸附/解吸过程中吸附剂再生率、烟道气中CO2回收率、产品气量及产品气中CO2纯度,并与传统的真空变压吸附工艺(VSA)和变温吸附工艺(TSA)比较. 由于VTSA在真空解吸的同时加热吸附剂,减少了真空泵的电耗,可在较温和的真空下(约3′103 Pa)操作,附加的吸附剂再生温度也不高,90~150℃下吸附剂再生率达97%以上,CO2回收率达98%以上. 吸附剂捕集CO2的量可提高到1.8 mol/kg,是VSA工艺产品气量的2倍,且产品气中CO2纯度提高到90%以上.     

基于双回流变压吸附工艺的空气分离模拟及分析

双回流变压吸附是一种在吸附塔中间位置进料,塔顶和塔底分别采用轻、重组分回流的变压吸附过程,能够同时生产两种高纯度、高回收率的产品气。以实验室自主合成的LiLSX分子筛为吸附剂,利用Aspen Adsorption模拟软件,对进料组成为78%N₂/21%O₂/1%Ar的实际空气进行了两塔双回流变压吸附的模拟研究。模拟结果表明：当原料气为78%N₂/21%O₂/1%Ar,吸附压力为2 bar(1 bar=10⁵ Pa),解吸压力为0.3 bar,进料量为0.4 m³/h,轻组分回流流量为0.095 L/min,重组分回流流量为5.22 L/min时,能够得到体积分数为95.67%的O₂和体积分数为98.25%的N₂,回收率分别为94.60%和99.91%。并且进一步探究了进料位置、吸附时间、轻组分回流流量、重组分产品气流量等因素对O₂和N₂两种产品气纯度和回收率的影响。     

Separation of Hydrogen-Lean Mixtures for a High-Purity Hydrogen by Vacuum Swing Adsorption

Abstract

High-purity hydrogen is commercially produced by pressure swing adsorption from hydrogen-rich mixtures. In this work, a vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle is used to produce high purity hydrogen from a hydrogen-lean binary mixture (20/80 H₂/CO) using zeolite 5A as the sorbent. The effects of different process variables on separation performance have been studied. The purity of hydrogen product increases at low throughput, high feed pressure, high end pressure of cocurrent depressurization, low end pressure of countercurrent evacuation, and short cycle time. Also, it was found that for a H₂-lean mixture, the separation is improved at higher ambient temperature. In addition, a new “vacuum purge” step was found to improve the separation and is therefore a promising step for commercial application.     

Adsorptive cyclic purification process for CO2 mixtures captured from coal power plants

CO₂ capture technology combined with bulk separation and purification processes has become an attractive alternative to reduce capture costs. Furthermore, the required purity in the application for CO₂ conversion and utilization is more stringent than that required from a captured CO₂ mixture for geological storage. In this study, an adsorptive cyclic purification process was developed to upgrade a CO₂/N₂ mixture captured from greenhouse gas emission plants as a feasibility study for a second capture unit or captured CO₂ purifier. To purify 90% CO₂ with balance N₂ as a captured gas mixture, two‐bed pressure swing adsorption and pressure vacuum swing adsorption (PVSA) processes using activated carbon were experimentally and theoretically studied at adsorption pressures of 250–650 kPa and a fixed vacuum pressure of 50 kPa. CO₂ with higher than 95% purity was produced with more than 89% recovery. However, a four‐bed PVSA process could successfully produce CO₂ with greater than 98% purity and 90% recovery. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1051–1063, 2017     

小型变压吸附制氧技术试验研究

研究了分子筛种类、切换时间、均压步骤、高径比以及储气罐体积对小型变压吸附制氧效果的影响.实验表明,LiX分子筛的制氧效果最好,采用LiX分子筛可以减小制氧机的体积,并提高制氧机的性能;氧含量随着切换时间的增加先增加后减小,存在一个最佳切换时间,此切换时间要通过实验确定;均压步骤的引入可以很大程度上提高氧含量和回收率,起到很好的节能效果,其中吸附塔两端均压工艺的制氧效果最好.增加高径比有利于提高氧含量,但是高径比过大制氧效果会降低;增加储气罐的体积有利于提高氧含量.