铁碳微电解工艺在含氟废水处理工程中的应用

根据某含氟废水的水质特点,采用废水综合调节池、铁碳微电解、混凝沉淀、砂滤及活性炭吸附工艺对含氟废水进行处理,经过一段时间运行后,污染物COD、氟化物的平均去除率达到90.7%和94.7%,出水水质完全符合排放标准并为光伏产业生产过程中排放的含氟废水处理提供参考,并提出了对铁碳微电解和混凝沉淀工艺进行优化的建议。     

制药废水处理工程实例研究

某制药企业生产废水以中药废水为主，兼有少量合成制药废水，设计将中药废水、合成制药废水单独预处理之后，再一道进行生化处理和深度处理。预处理采用了混凝气浮、铁碳微电解、混凝沉淀、臭氧氧化等工艺，生化处理采用水解酸化+两级生物接触氧化工艺，深度处理采用活性炭吸附，运行实践表明该组合工艺具有良好的处理效果，出水水质稳定达标。介绍了本制药废水处理项目的技术方案、详细设计参数和实际运行效果，为同类项目提供借鉴和参考。     

单晶硅生产废水处理工程实例

银川经济开发区某基地单晶硅生产过程中产生大量的原料清洗废水、机加废水、插片机废水、金刚线切割液废水、综合废水等多种废水.这些废水中含有大量硅粉和难降解有机物,可生化性差.针对该生产废水特点,采用多种废水分类收集、单独处理的形式.原料清洗废水经两级混凝沉淀工艺去除氟离子;机加废水采用混凝沉淀、混凝气浮两级工艺进行固液分离...     

物化—生化组合工艺处理大型综合印染废水中试研究

以绍兴县江滨水处理有限公司的印染废水为处理对象,采用前混凝沉淀—水解酸化—好氧—后混凝沉淀—活性炭吸附组合工艺进行中试研究,探讨了该工艺对印染废水的处理效能.结果表明,废水经水解酸化段后B/C由0.23提高至0.41,提高了废水的可生化性,进出水pH由9.3降至8;好氧段出水CODcr为110～177mg/L;该中试系统对色度、CODcr、氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均去除率分别为98％、95％、80%、43％、94％,出水可达《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)二级标准.     

洗衣房废水的循环利用

结合近年国外洗衣房洗涤废水的循环利用研究成果,针对国内洗衣房洗涤废水现状,提出洗涤废水循环利用方案,对废水进行分质循环,只将漂洗二次和漂洗三次的水处理循环利用回洗涤和漂洗一次阶段。对洗涤废水进行了混凝沉淀实验研究,结果表明,混凝沉淀处理方法基本可以满足洗涤废水循环利用的要求。     

洗浴废水处理工艺中混凝预处理的作用与效果研究

采用混凝沉淀—过滤—固定化生物活性炭—膜滤—UV 消毒工艺处理洗浴废水,整体试验结果比较理想,在物化处理过程中混凝环节至关重要。为此研究了混凝对浊度、LAS、COD_(Cr)、洗浴浴香的处理效果。研究结果表明：当投药量大于25mg/L 时,混凝沉淀可以把平均浊度为65NTU的原水降低到15NTU 以下,对 LAS、COD_(Cr)的去除率可达62%和50%以上,因此混凝是去除洗浴废水中悬浮物质、LAS 和有机污染物有效的物化处理单元;但是混凝不能有效地去除洗浴废水中的浴香。     

太阳能光伏制造企业废水处理工程实例

针对光伏企业废水COD及SS含量高,含有高浓度氟化物,可生化性较差,废水种类复杂等特点,同时为了达到不同的处理效果,采用两种不同工艺进行处理。第一种采用混凝沉淀-水解酸化—接触氧化—气浮工艺进行处理,工程运行效果表明处理效果稳定,出水水质均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准要求;第二种采用混凝沉淀-过滤-膜处理的组合工艺处理废水,其出水能达到生产回用水水质标准。     

钢渣去除高含磷选矿废水中磷的研究

通过静态试验,研究了钢渣对模拟选矿废水中总磷的去除及机理。探讨了影响其除磷的因素如温度、接触时间、pH、钢渣粒径、钢渣用量、磷的初始浓度等。结果表明,钢渣有很好的除磷效果。当模拟选矿废水的初始pH=7时,初始总磷浓度为50mg/L,投入足量(4g钢渣/L废水),粒径为140目的钢渣,钢渣对总磷的去除率可达到99%以上,钢渣对磷的平衡吸附量最大达到22.16mg/g。其吸附规律符合Freundlich经验公式,钢渣除磷的方式主要包括物理吸附和化学沉淀作用,当废水pH7时,钢渣对磷的除去作用以化学沉淀作用为主。     

混凝-臭氧联用技术深度处理煤气化废水的研究

利用混凝沉淀联用臭氧氧化技术对煤气化废水进行了深度处理。结果表明混凝阶段最佳条件为:p H 6.50、聚硫酸铁用量300 mg/L、有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺用量1~3 mg/L。混凝处理后,废水的COD、色度和UV254去除率分别为65.5%~68.3%、95.0%和66.2%~67.9%。混凝沉淀上清液经臭氧氧化处理50 min后,COD可降至35.3 mg/L,色度降至4倍,UV254降至0.183。经过混凝-臭氧联用技术深度处理后,COD、色度和UV254的综合去除率分别为94.6%、99.0%和97.4%,出水p H经调节后主要指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级排放标准。     

物化-生化法处理汽车生产废水

针对汽车生产废水的特点,对含磷废水和高浓度有机废水分别采用石灰法和混凝沉淀-气浮法进行分质预处理.预处理出水与其它废水混合后形成的综合废水的设计处理能力为50 m3/h,COD 300～600 mg/L,PO3-(以P计)3～5 mg/L,经混凝沉淀-生化-过滤工艺处理后,COD≤100mg/L,PO43-(以P计)≤0.5 mg/L,可达标排放.     

黄姜废水处理实践与分析

基于黄姜废水处理工程运行实际,着重分析了pH值、温度、COD及容积负荷等因素对UASB反应器启动的影响。该工程利用预处理＋厌氧＋好氧＋混凝、脱色组合工艺处理黄姜废水,在进水COD和色度分别达12000mg/L和600倍的情况下,出水COD和色度分别为110mg/L和50倍,COD去除率达99%。废水经处理后出水水质符合《皂素工业水污染排放标准》（GB20425-2006）。     

不同工艺处理漓江微污染源水

以漓江源水为研究对象,当进水CODMn的质量浓度为4～7 mg/L时,比较不同工艺处理效果。进行模拟水厂的混凝沉淀实验,找出对CODMn去除效果较佳的条件。结果表明:在适宜的Fenton试剂投加量下,并不能使CODMn的出水浓度达标;粉末活性炭虽能有效吸附有机微污染物,但单独采用粉末活性炭的相对成本较高;比较不同联合工艺的处理效果发现,经粉末活性炭-Fenton-聚合氯化铝联合工艺处理后,CODMn出水达到标准要求。     

活性炭填充三维电极电解法处理氨氮废水研究

针对传统城市污水处理厂冬天出水存在氨氮浓度偏高的问题,采用间歇试验法对活性炭填充三维电极深度去除污水中的氨氮进行了研究。考察了氨氮初始浓度,电流密度,氯离子浓度,p H值等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响。结果表明:氨氮去除速率随着电流密度和氯离子浓度增加而增加,单位氨氮去除能耗随着电流增加而增加,随着氯离子浓度增加而减少。p H值在3.0~9.0范围内对三维电极除氨氮过程影响比较小。实际废水在经过2.5h电解后,氨氮浓度从28.0 mg/L下降至0.3 mg/L,去除率高达99%,可以满足国家污水排放标准一级A要求。     

黄河下游窄河段挖河固堤工程的作用分析

通过实测资料分析、模型试验和数学模拟，分析了黄河下游山东窄段挖固堤启动工程的减淤效果和固堤作用。分析表明：在一定的时间内和一定的水沙条件下，挖河具有一定的减淤作用；挖河后横断面调整趋于窄深；挖出的泥沙用于加固堤防，提高了大堤的整体稳定性和防渗能力。     

Impact of sewage treatment plants and combined sewer overflow basins on the microbiological quality of surface water.

In a small river catchment, microbiological quality of different sewage treatment plants under regular conditions and in case of heavy rainfall, when combined sewage overflow basins (CSOs) are activated, was examined regarding microbial indicators and pathogens. In the watercourse, no self-cleaning effects could be observed. Small compact treatment plants discharge treated wastewater with a poor microbiological quality compared to river water quality and the quality of treated wastewater of larger plants. During storm water events, concentrations of microorganisms downstream of sewer overflows were approximately two logs higher than during dry weather conditions. Concentrations of parasites decreased slowly during the overflow, in parallel to filterable matter and particle-bound substances. The annual load of microorganisms originating from CSOs significantly exceeds the load from treated effluent of the sewage plants. Thus, an improved hygienic quality of the water course could be achieved by preventing overflows and by enhancing sewage treatment plants.     

Review on the fate of organic micropollutants in wastewater treatment and water reuse with membranes

A brief review of the fate of micropollutants in membrane-based wastewater treatment due to sorption, stripping, biological degradation/transformation and membrane separation is discussed, to give an overview of these technologies due to the growing importance for water reuse purposes. Compared with conventional activated sludge treatment (CAS) micropollutant removal in membrane bioreactor (MBR) is slightly improved due to complete suspended solids removal and increased sludge age. For discharge to sensitive receiving waters advanced treatment, such as post-ozonation or activated carbon adsorption, is recommended. In water reuse plants nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) efficiently reject micropollutants due to size exclusions as well as electrostatic and hydrophobic effects reaching potable quality. To remove micropollutants fully, additionally post-ozone or the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) have to be applied, which in parallel also reduce NDMA precursors. The concentrate has to be treated if disposed to sensitive receiving waters due to its high micropollutant concentration and ecotoxicity potential. The present review summarizes principles and capabilities for the most important membrane-based applications for wastewater treatment, i.e. porous membranes in MBRs (micro- or ultrafiltration) and dense membrane applications (NF and RO) for water reuse.     

榨菜废水水质特性及其对活性污泥沉降性能的影响

针对榨菜废水处理过程中极易发生污泥沉降性能恶化的现象,探讨了榨菜废水水质及其 陈化对污泥沉降性能影响的原因。研究发现:榨菜废水陈化后水质特性发生了变化,其中滋生了大 量特殊的短杆状、弧状微生物群,并发现这些微生物群造成了活性污泥絮体能量水平的提高和其中 亲水性物质的增加,这是导致活性污泥沉降性能恶化的主要原因。研究表明,在工程应用中榨菜废 水处理系统调节池停留时间不宜过长。     

Fuzzy control of nitrogen removal in predenitrification process using ORP.

In order to meet increasingly stringent discharge standards, new applications and control strategies for the sustainable removal of nitrogen from wastewater have to be implemented. In the past years, numerous studies have been carried out dealing with the application of fuzzy logic to improve the control of the activated sludge process. In this paper, fuzzy control strategies of predenitrification systems are presented that could lead to better effluent quality and, in parallel, to a reduction of chemicals consumption. Extensive experimental investigations on lab scale plant studies have shown that there was excellent correlation between nitrate concentration and ORP value at the end of the anoxic zone. Results indicated that ORP could be used as an on-line fuzzy control parameter of nitrate recirculation and external carbon addition. The optimal value of ORP to control nitrate recirculation and external carbon addition was - 86 +/- 2 mV and - 90 +/- 2 mV, respectively. The results obtained with real wastewater also showed the good performance and stability of the fuzzy controllers independently from external disturbances. The integrated control structure of nitrate recirculation and external carbon addition in the predenitrification system is also presented.     

Removal efficiency of 66 pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment process in Japan.

Both biological treatment processes including conventional activated sludge (CAS) and biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes, and physico-chemical treatment processes including ozonation process and Title 22 process consisting of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration followed by UV or chlorination disinfection after the above biological processes, were compared from the viewpoint of removal efficiency. 66 pharmaceuticals including antibiotics, analgesics, psychoneurotic agents were measured with SPE-LC/MS/MS. 26 compounds out of 66 were detected in the influent ranging ng/L to microg/L order. Particularly, disopyramide, sulpiride, and dipyridamole that have been rarely detected before in the WWTP, occurred at concentration levels of more than 100 ng/L. The total concentration of the individual pharmaceuticals in the influent was efficiently removed by 80% during the biological treatment. But removal efficiencies of carbamazepine and crotamiton were less than 30%. The total concentration of the individual pharmaceuticals in the effluent from CAS process was 1.5 times higher than that from BNR process. Further, the total concentration of the individual pharmaceuticals in the discharge from WWTPs applying ozonation following activated sludge process was reduced to less than 20%. Physico-chemical treatment train called Title 22 treatment after CAS could not efficiently remove the pharmaceuticals. However, ozonation process followed by biological activated carbon process could efficiently reduce all the residual pharmaceuticals below their quantification limits.