Generating multi-mode entangled coherent W and GHZ states via optical system based fusion mechanism

Fusion technology has been demonstrated to be a good method for generating a large-scale entangled coherent W or GHZ state from two small ones in QED system. It is of importance to study how to fuse small-scale entangled coherent W or GHZ states via optical system. In this paper, we present a scheme for generating larger entangled coherent W or GHZ state in an optical system by virtue of fusion technology. The key fusion mechanism is realized by photon detectors and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with its two arms immersed in Kerr media, by which an n-mode entangled coherent W state and an m-mode entangled coherent W state can be probabilistically fused into an (\(n+m-2\))-mode entangled coherent W state. This fusion scheme applies to entangled coherent GHZ state too but with a unit probability of success. Feasibility analysis indicates that our fusion scheme may be realized with current experimental technology. Large-scale entangled coherent W and GHZ states may find new applications in quantum communication.     

面向对象程序设计语言的绑定时间分析技术

为了实现面向对象语言的部分求值,提出了一种绑定时间分析技术.该技术通过针对引用类型变量和指针变量的上下文敏感分析,能够比较精确地分析面向对象语言中诸如对象元素、数组元素等复杂数据结构元素的绑定时间,进而扩大了部分求值的作用范围.这种方法采用两层BTA环境来保存静态变量和局部变量的BTA状态,设置一种专用句柄来表示不同程序点创建的对象,进而采用这种句柄的集合表示引用类型变量的BTA状态.在为面向对象语言程序标注绑定时间信息的过程中,采用一个正向分析和一个反向分析过程,借助于BTA环境来跟踪和设定各种变量、对象和引用变量的绑定时间.该技术已经用于实现Java程序的绑定时间分析,能够有效地分析大多数单线程的Java程序,为实现高性能Java程序部分求值提供了必要的手段.     

Tracing pathway activities with kinase inhibitors and reverse phase protein arrays

Controlling aberrant protein kinase activity is a promising strategy for a variety of diseases, particularly cancer. Hence, the development of kinase inhibitors is currently a focal point for pharmaceutical research. In this study we utilize a chip-based reverse phase protein array (RPA) platform for profiling of kinase inhibitors in cell-based assays. In combination with the planar wave-guide technology the assay system has an absolute LOD down to the low zeptomole range. A431 cell lysates were analyzed for the activation state of key effectors in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin signaling pathways to validate this model for compound screening. A microtiter-plate format for growing, treating, and lysing cells was shown to be suitable for this approach, establishing the value of the technology as a screening tool for characterization of large numbers of kinase inhibitors against a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, the reverse array format allows rapid development of site-specific phosphorylation assays, since in contrast to ELISA type systems only a single antigen-specific antibody is required.     

Redox signalling in cardiovascular disease

Oxidative stress has almost universally and unequivocally been implicated in the pathogenesis of all major diseases, including those of the cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress in cells and cardiovascular biology was once considered only in terms of injury, disease and dysfunction. However, it is now appreciated that oxidants are also produced in healthy tissues, and they function as signalling molecules transmitting information throughout the cell. Conversely, when cells move to a more reduced state, as can occur when oxygen is limiting, this can also result in alterations in the function of biomolecules and subsequently cells. At the centre of this 'redox signalling' are oxidoreductive chemical reactions involving oxidants or reductants post translationally modifying proteins. These structural alterations allow changes in cellular redox state to be coupled to alterations in cell function. In this review, we consider aspects of redox signalling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the molecular basis of redox sensing by proteins and the array of post-translational oxidative modifications that can occur. In addition, we discuss studies utilising proteomic methods to identify redox-sensitive cardiac proteins, as well as those using this technology more broadly to assess redox signalling in cardiovascular disease.     

International Diffusion of Digital Mobile Technology: A Coupled-Hazard State-Based Approach

The convergence of the Internet, electronic commerce, and wireless technology has created the basis for the rapid global diffusion of mobile commerce. We believe that one approach to understand mobile commerce diffusion is to study the diffusion of digital mobile devices required in mobile commerce activities. Although prior research in technology diffusion has identified a set of variables that affect the entire diffusion process, our knowledge about the factors that dominate at different states of a diffusion process is still incomplete. This research puts forward a new theoretical perspective to enable managers to better understand the states of technology diffusion in the context of digital mobile phones. Our empirical methods involve a coupled-hazard analysis of an interdependent event model to test the effects of country characteristics, the digital and the analog mobile phone industry characteristics, and the regulatory policies on various states of digital mobile phone diffusion across countries. We conduct non-parametric and parametric survival analysis of the model. The results illustrate a broader set of factors that drive the diffusion speed from the early to the partial diffusion state than from the introduction to the early diffusion state.     

人机交互中的人脸表情识别研究进展

随着人机交互与情感计算技术的快速发展,人脸表情识别已成为人们研究的热点。为了阐明人机交互中人脸表情识别的研究方向及进展,该文从人脸表情数据库、表情特征提取、表情分类方法、鲁棒的表情识别、精细的表情识别、混合表情识别、非基本表情识别等方面对人脸表情识别的研究现状进行了分析。最后总结了人脸表情识别研究的热点及趋势,同时指出了人脸表情识别研究存在的局限性,并对人脸表情识别的发展进行了展望。     

车载物联网技术及其应用探讨

随着车载物联网技术的高速发展,车载物联网技术已经开始被多个领域所应用,并取得了很大的成功,如何实现车载物联网技术的更高发展成为当前热门研究课题.本文首先详细概述了车载物联网相关理论,然后分析了当前车载物联网技术在不同领域中的应用,最后对当前我国车载物联网技术所面临的挑战进行了详细的分析研究.     

An electronic nose system based on a micro-machined gas sensor array to assess the freshness of sardines

An electronic nose system based on a four-element, integrated, micro-machined, metal oxide gas sensor array is used to assess, in an objective manner, the evolutionary stages of freshness in sardine samples stored up to 1-week at 4 °C. The sensors developed were based on tin oxide doped with Pt or Pd or Bi, and on tungsten oxide doped with Au. The selection of the gas sensitive materials was based on a previous identification and quantification of characteristic compounds found in the headspace of sardines determined by solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis performed on the responses of the sensor array revealed that sardine samples could be classified in three freshness states. This was in good agreement with the results of a microbiological analysis. A support vector machine-based classifier reached a 100% success rate in the identification of sardine freshness. The stability of the electronic nose classification ability was assessed by correctly classifying measurement databases gathered 1-month apart. By building and validating quantitative partial least squares models, which employed as input data the gas sensor responses, it was possible to predict with good accuracy the total viable counts (TVC) of aerobic bacteria present in sardine samples. For the validation dataset, the correlation coefficient between actual and predicted TVC was 0.91, which indicates that the electronic nose system developed is a simple and rapid technique for evaluating sardine freshness.     

Optimization of friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool

The field of materials technology has been witnessing tremendous developments. Friction welding is an important solid state joining technique. In this research study, friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool has been performed and the process parameters are optimized by Taguchi L₈ orthogonal array. The prioritization of the process parameters has been obtained and ANOVA has been conducted to predict the statistical significance of the process parameters. This is followed by the optimization of welding process parameters using genetic algorithm. The practical feasibility of applying Genetic Algorithm to friction welding process has been ensured by means of studying the deviation between predicted and experimentally obtained welding process parameters.     

Computational prediction of nucleic acid secondary structure: Methods,applications, and challenges

RNA molecules are crucial in different levels of cellular function, ranging from translation and regulating genes to coding for proteins. Additionally, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA molecules) are designed for novel applications in biotechnology. Understanding the structure of a molecule is important in inferring its function, and computational methods for structure prediction have captured the interest of many researchers.Some functions of RNA molecules in cells, such as gene regulation, result from the binding of one RNA molecule to another, so-called target RNA molecule. This has led to recent interest in prediction of the secondary structure formed from interacting molecules. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of methods, applications, and challenges in computational prediction of nucleic acid secondary structure, both for single strands and for interacting strands.     

High Throughput Mapping of Protein-Protein Interactions: Automation of the Yeast Two-Hybrid System

Protein-protein interactions are a vital component in both the function and regulation of virtually all biological processes. In the yeast two-hybrid system, one of the most commonly-used methods for studying protein-protein interactions, protein-protein interactions are detected by expression of a reporter gene driven by the interaction between bait and prey proteins. We report here the development of an automated system, the MegaMate, for carrying out high throughput (over 100,000 clones per day) yeast two-hybrid screens with full data tracking.     

A semi-supervised hierarchical approach: two-dimensional clustering of microarray gene expression data

Micro array technologies have become a widespread research technique for biomedical researchers to assess tens of thousands of gene expression values simultaneously in a single experiment. Micro array data analysis for biological discovery requires computational tools. In this research a novel two-dimensional hierarchical clustering is presented. From the review, it is evident that the previous research works have used clustering which have been applied in gene expression data to create only one cluster for a gene that leads to biological complexity. This is mainly because of the nature of proteins and their interactions. Since proteins normally interact with different groups of proteins in order to serve different biological roles, the genes that produce these proteins are therefore expected to co express with more than one group of genes. This constructs that in micro array gene expression data, a gene may makes its presence in more than one cluster. In this research, multi-level micro array clustering, performed in two dimensions by the proposed two-dimensional hierarchical clustering technique can be used to represent the existence of genes in one or more clusters consistent with the nature of the gene and its attributes and prevent biological complexities.     

Protein interaction networks: centrality,modularity, dynamics,and applications

In the post-genomic era, proteomics has achieved significant theoretical and practical advances with the development of high-throughput technologies. Especially the rapid accumulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provides a foundation for constructing protein interaction networks (PINs), which can furnish a new perspective for understanding cellular organizations, processes, and functions at network level. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on three main characteristics of PINs: centrality, modularity, and dynamics. 1) Different centrality measures, which are used to calculate the importance of proteins, are summarized based on the structural characteristics of PINs or on the basis of its integrated biological information; 2) Different modularity definitions and various clustering algorithms for predicting protein complexes or identifying functional modules are introduced; 3) The dynamics of proteins, PPIs and sub-networks are discussed, respectively. Finally, the main applications of PINs in the complex diseases are reviewed, and the challenges and future research directions are also discussed.     

FUS: a system to simulate conformational changes in biological macromolecules

In order to study the dynamics of protein and nucleic acid conformations, a molecular folding-unfolding system (FUS written in Lisp) has been developed. Secondary structure features of protein and nucleic acids are graphically represented by cubes in a modified 'Blocks World' paradigm. Modeling of protein and nucleic acid unfolding (denaturation) and folding of their three-dimensional structure is possible by the use of high level 'block' operators which allow displacement of these structural features in space. Due to the flexible nature of this program, FUS is a useful tool for the rapid evaluation of user-defined rules governing conformational changes. The use of FUS to unfold three common proteins (prealbumin, flavodoxin and triose phosphate isomerase) and a tRNA is presented.     

虚拟现实的支付研究与设计

近几年来,虚拟现实（Virtual Reality,VR）技术发展迅猛,成为炙手可热的新兴行业.VR硬件已达到基本成熟的阶段,VR应用也应势成为新的掘金点,在影视娱乐、游戏、教育等各个领域都得到了广泛的应用.但在支付领域,市场暂无优秀的VR支付解决方案.本文基于虚拟现实的支付研究,旨在利用token技术,通过VR设备内安全模块加密保护银行卡数据和支付数据,并利用3D建模技术构建沉浸式VR支付场景,以寻求安全、便捷、开放的VR支付方案.研究结果表明,该设计解决了现今VR支付产品交互难、安全性低的问题,并且有效提高了支付成功率.     

硅基高通量单细胞阵列芯片制备与研究

采用微机电系统(MEMS)技术结合金属辅助化学腐蚀工艺制作出关键结构为纳米氧化硅的阵列芯片,细胞可以定点黏附在纳米氧化硅上.通过实验计算和分析得知,在0.7~23μm内,纳米线长度约为3μm时深宽比适宜,有利于黏附蛋白充分铺展,黏附效率达到最高85%.改变培养时间(5~480 min)和细胞浓度(0.5~4.0),发现培养时间在不低于4 h,细胞浓度在1.5时,由于伪足充分缠绕于纳米线上,阵列饱和度达到最高83%.实验结果表明:制作出的单细胞阵列芯片具有较高的黏附效率和阵列饱和度,达到了高通量的标准.     

面向电阻抗成像检测的多电极阵列微流控芯片设计

设计了一种用于微尺度流动状态下电阻抗成像检测的多电极阵列微流控芯片,包括微流控芯片的结构设计、材料选择和加工工艺。设计的微流控芯片包含3个圆形电极横截面,每个横截面包含一组电极阵列。该阵列有3种数目的电极,分别为8电极,12电极和16电极。之后通过数值仿真方法实现了三种电极数目（8,12和16）微流控芯片的电阻抗成像,并与之前研究出来的菱形横截面8电极微流控芯片进行了对比,发现设计出来的16电极圆形微流控芯片具有较高的成像质量,验证了微流控芯片用于细胞电阻抗成像检测的可行性。     

e-Government in Rhode Island: what effects do templates have on usability,accessibility, and mobile readiness?

This study examines state and local e-government Web sites in Rhode Island with an eye toward determining the effects of templates on accessibility, usability, and mobile readiness. After examining 132 state and local e-government sites, using a combination of code inspection, heuristic evaluation, and automated analysis, the researchers found that templates had, at best, mixed success in promoting these key issues. The results suggest that while best practice-based templates may be helpful in improving usability, accessibility, and mobile readiness, it is critical that designers at the local level receive training in these areas and that governments monitor state and local Web sites for compliance with industry and legal standards.     

A construction of five-state real-time Fibonacci sequence generator

A cellular automaton (\(\mathrm {CA}\)) is a well-studied non-linear computational model of complex systems in which an infinite one-dimensional array of finite state machines (cells) updates itself in a synchronous manner according to a uniform local rule. A sequence generation problem on the \(\mathrm {CA}\) model has been studied for a long time and a lot of generation algorithms has been proposed for a variety of non-regular sequences such as \(\{2^n \,|\,n = 1, 2, 3,\ldots \}\), prime, and Fibonacci sequences, etc. In this paper, we propose a five-state real-time generator for Fibonacci sequence and give a formal proof of the correctness of the generator. The proposed five-state Fibonacci sequence generator is optimum in generation steps, and it is realized on a smallest, known at present finite state automaton in the number of states.