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BTL/柴油混合燃料对柴油机瞬态工况微粒粒度分布的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
试验研究了不同添加比例的生物柴油(BTL)混合燃料对高压共轨柴油机瞬变工况下微粒排放的影响,分析了不同瞬变率工况下微粒粒度分布特征,揭示了燃料理化特性对柴油机瞬态工况微粒排放粒度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明:瞬态工况下石化柴油、生物柴油燃料微粒粒数排放均呈双峰结构,核态微粒峰值在10nm附近,积聚态微粒峰值在60nm附近;石化柴油燃料微粒排放以大粒径积聚态微粒为主,占微粒总数的55%以上;BTL燃料微粒排放以小粒径核态微粒为主,占微粒总数的96%以上。随着工况瞬变率的减小,BTL燃料、石化柴油微粒平均数量排放均逐渐减少,BTL燃料下降更明显;石化柴油核态微粒排放受瞬变率的影响较为显著,BTL燃料受瞬变率的影响不明显。对于不同添加比例的生物柴油混合燃料,在小瞬变率工况,微粒排放数量随添加比例的增加缓慢上升;在中等瞬变率工况,添加比小于30%时微粒排放数量基本不增加,但核态微粒所占比例略有上升;在高瞬变率工况,添加比例大于10%时微粒排放数量大幅度上升。 相似文献
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柴油机瞬态工况烟度排放特性及分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了研究车用柴油机瞬态工况中,燃烧边界条件对燃烧过程的影响,在试验台上针对增压中冷柴油机在恒转速增转矩瞬态工况下的烟度排放特性进行了试验,并用商业计算软件STAR-CD对此瞬态工况下柴油机的燃烧过程进行了数值模拟分析。针对增压柴油机低转速大负荷排烟较差的特点,试验中发动机转速定为1000r/min,以3种不同的转矩变化率来考察柴油机瞬态工况下的排烟特性。结果表明,柴油机瞬态工况下和稳态工况下的燃烧边界条件有很大的差别,这种差别导致了柴油机瞬态工况下的烟度排放值要明显高于其相应的稳态工况。计算结果表明,随着转矩变化率的升高,最大初始放热率升高及燃烧持续期延长,这些差异同样导致排气烟度值增加。 相似文献
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建立瞬态工况小波网络发动机油膜模型,利用蚁群算法对小波网络参数进行初始化寻优,将其作为小波网络参数初始值,以提高小波网络的训练速度和误差精度,并基于该网络模型测试了发动机空燃比瞬态过程,然后利用瞬态工况试验数据进行了仿真,并与台架试验实际数据进行对比。结果表明,基于蚁群算法初始化小波网络模型能有效地辨识发动机瞬态工况油膜参数,高精度地逼近空燃比瞬态过程,不仅具有较强的泛化能力,而且大大缩短了训练时间。蚁群初始化小波网络适用于油膜参数辨识,本研究为发动机瞬态工况空燃比的精确控制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《内燃机学报》2016,(2)
针对压燃式发动机燃用汽油/柴油混合燃料稳态及瞬态工况下的燃烧及微粒排放粒度分布特征进行了试验研究,分析了汽油掺入比例及EGR对发动机稳态及不同瞬变率的恒转速增转矩瞬变工况超细微粒数量排放的影响规律.结果表明:在大负荷工况下采用高汽油掺入比例的汽油/柴油混合燃料能够在不引起NOx显著增加的前提下进一步降低排气烟度,有助于拓展预混合燃烧过程负荷工况范围;但较高汽油掺入比例易导致油气过度混合,对HC及CO排放有不利影响,尤其会导致小负荷工况下CO排放显著增加.综合考虑不同负荷工况下运行情况,认为汽油掺入比例在40%,~50%,左右较为适宜.燃用汽油/柴油混合燃料时排气颗粒物更趋于细化,其微粒几何平均粒径较柴油明显降低.瞬变工况增负荷过程中,各模态微粒数量浓度均有所升高,随汽油掺入比例增大积聚态微粒数量增加程度变缓,当汽油掺入比例达到50%,时,在高瞬变率工况时积聚态微粒数量无明显增加.高比例EGR条件下,瞬变过程中积聚态微粒数量浓度在增负荷初期便急剧增加,燃用汽油/柴油混合燃料有利于缓解瞬态工况积聚态微粒数量急剧增加的程度. 相似文献
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瞬态工况对内燃机燃烧噪声的影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了内燃机瞬态工况对燃烧噪声影响机理,开展了内燃机瞬态工况测试技术和测试方法研究,通过对瞬态与稳态过程的缸内压力、缸内压力最大值、压力升高率、压力升高率最大值、压力高频振荡以及气缸压力级等参数在不同频率范围的差异的研究分析,从气体动力载荷和高频压力振荡两方面分析研究瞬态噪声与稳态噪声产生差异的机理.瞬态与稳态工况压力升高率变化趋势与两种工况下燃烧噪声变化趋势基本相似,但在一些工况上存在差异,这是由于受到了缸内压力高频振荡对燃烧噪声影响的结果.结果表明:瞬态与稳态工况燃烧噪声的差异是由压力动力载荷与压力高频振荡共同影响的结果. 相似文献
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试验采用50×10-6和350×10-6两种不同硫含量的燃油,对装有SCR系统的发动机进行ETC和ESC测试,研究了SCR开启/关闭情形下的排放;并采用ELPI分析了在不同条件下颗粒排放差异的原因以及细颗粒的排放特性。试验结果表明:在使用不同硫含量的燃油条件下,NOx排放降低率均可以达到60%以上;SCR开启时,ETC下硫含量350×10-6比50×10-6的颗粒排放增加18%,ETC下颗粒排放均比ESC下增加30%~50%。在50%~70%负荷时,颗粒数目排放较低,低负荷和全负荷时颗粒排放较高,全负荷时最高;在负荷一定时,转速越高,颗粒排放浓度越高;使用低硫燃油,颗粒物质量排放较低,而数目排放却增多;多出的部分主要是粒径小于100 nm的超细颗粒。 相似文献
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在电力系统暂态安全定量分析软件平台FASTEST(Fast Analysis of Stability using the Extended equal areacriterion and Simulation Technologies)上以研究规模化光伏电站接入系统后的稳定性分析为目的,建立了一个完整而且适合系统安全稳定分析的并网光伏电站机电暂态模型。基于FASTEST特有的暂态稳定量化分析功能,对并网光伏电站被浮云遮挡和系统侧发生扰动这2种典型情况进行仿真分析,从对系统暂态功角稳定性、暂态电压稳定性和暂态频率稳定性的影响的角度,探讨光伏电站与常规电源在影响电网运行特性方面的区别。结果表明,光伏电站并网后对系统暂态频率稳定性影响最为严重,相比较于带有励磁和调速系统的同步发电机,光伏电站在网侧故障时的暂态响应特性更为剧烈。 相似文献
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Grid-forming converters (GFMs) are faced with the threat of transient inrush current and synchronization instability issues when subjected to grid faults. Instead of disconnecting from the grid unintentionally, GFMs are required to have fault ride through (FRT) capability to maintain safe and stable operation in grid-connected mode during grid fault periods. In recent studies, different FRT control strategies with distinguishing features and that are feasible for different operation conditions have been proposed for GFMs. To determine their application scope, an intuitive comparison of the transient performance of different FRT control strategies is presented in this paper. First, three typical FRT control strategies (virtual impedance, current limiters, and mode-switching control) are introduced and transient mathematical models are established. A detailed comparison analysis on transient inrush current and transient synchronization stability is then presented. The results will be useful for guiding the selection and design of FRT control strategies. Finally, simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC are considered to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. 相似文献
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运用动态网格技术对直喷汽油机在不同转速下缸内气体运动进行瞬态模拟研究,分析可变滚流进气系统中滚流调节阀工作状态对进气流动、喷雾及油气混合特性以及缸内燃烧特性的影响。模拟结果显示,滚流阀开启和关闭对缸内燃油分布有着显著的影响。通过关闭滚流阀提高滚流强度,可加快缸内燃油雾化速度,有助于点火时刻在缸内形成浓度均匀的混合气并提高燃烧效率;在低转速下关闭滚流阀,增加缸内滚流比,可以显著提高缸内燃烧压力,增加点火时刻的湍动能,配合较晚的点火时刻形成稳定而快速的燃烧。模拟结果有利于分析和评价不同参数对可变滚流直喷汽油机混合气形成及燃烧特性的影响规律,为可变滚流进气系统的整机开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Parabolic trough power plants are currently the most commercial systems for electricity generation. In this study, a transient numerical simulation of a solar power plant was developed by using direct steam generation (DSG) technology. In this system, condensate water from a Rankine cycle is pumped directly to solar parabolic trough collectors. The pressurized water is heated and evaporated before being superheated inside the solar collectors and directed back to the steam turbines, where the Rankine cycle is a reheated‐regenerative cycle. The plant performance with saturated steam production is compared with the performance of a superheated plant. A mathematical model of each system component is presented, with the solar power cycle modeled by the TRNSYS‐17 simulation program. Annual transient performance, including plant power and efficiency, is presented for both plants. As expected, the power of the superheated plant outperforms the saturated plant by approximately 45%, whereas the efficiency decreases by approximately 10%. Furthermore, the power of such plants is considerably improved under the weather of Makkah, 22.4°N, and it is approximately 40 MW for both the spring and autumn seasons. The annual generated energy is approximately 8062 MWh. The levelized electricity cost (LEC) was estimated for both the DSG and the corresponding synthetic oil plants. The DSG plant has an approximately 3% higher LEC than a synthetic oil plant with heat storage and an approximately 11.2% lower LEC than an oil plant if the plant has no storage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Starting from the 1980s (diesel‐engined) vehicles have been tested for exhaust emissions, prior to type approval, using sophisticated standardized transient tests (Transient Cycles). These are usually characterized by long duration consisting of both speed and load changes under varying operating schedules. In the present work, a fast and, relatively, easy to apply approach was developed in order to be able to make a first approximation of the engine performance and emissions during a speed/torque vs time Transient Cycle. The procedure is based on a previous steady‐state experimental investigation of the engine for the formulation of polynomial expressions of all interesting engine properties with respect to engine speed and torque. Correction coefficients are then applied, based on experiments conducted on the engine under study, to account for transient discrepancies. Using the developed algorithm, a comparative study was conducted for the European, American and the Worldwide heavy‐duty Transient Cycles. It was revealed for the current engine that the European ETC, being the most aggressive and having the shortest idling period, is also the most demanding in terms of absolute emissions (g), particularly soot. At the same time, the importance of abrupt transients (primarily experienced during urban driving) on engine emissions was highlighted. A comparative analysis was also performed that detailed the individual technical and transient characteristics of each cycle. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献