激光熔覆原位自生TiC-VC复合增强铁基合金层的研究

利用钛铁、钒铁、石墨等组分,采用5kW横流CO₂激光器在低碳钢板上熔覆制备出原位自生TiC-VC复合碳化物颗粒增强Fe基合金层.利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子探针及滑动磨损试验机,研究了合金熔覆层的显微组织及性能.研究结果表明,通过钛铁、钒铁与石墨之间的反应,可以得到TiC-VC复合碳化物增强相,细小的TiC-VC复合碳化物颗粒弥散分布在Fe基体之中,合金熔覆层的耐磨性在一定范围内随增强颗粒的增加而提高.     

Influence of Ta on microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of laser clad NiCrSiB coating

A mixture of NiCrSiB alloy powder and tantalum (Ta) powder was used as laser clad material to improve abrasive wear resistance of the Ni-based coating. The microstructure and wear resistance of the coating were investigated. Addition of Ta element works to suppress the growth of coarse M₇C₃ carbide in the coating, resulting in a decrease in aspect ratio of coarse carbide. In the abrasive wear test, in situ synthesized TaC particles well bond with Ni-based matrix, and are hardly pull out from wear surface. Grooves on the worn surface of NiCrSiB coating are much deeper and sharper than those in the NiCrSiB+Ta composite coating. Also, a weight loss of the composite coating is much lower than that of the NiCrSiB coating. The wear resistance of the laser clad Ni-based coating is enhanced to a much greater extent through the addition of Ta. This is attributed to the in situ synthesized hard TaC particles of nearly equiaxed shape, the Ni-based matrix strengthened by Ta and the decrease in aspect ratio of the coarse brittle carbides.     

激光熔覆铜基自生复合材料设计及其涂层研究

为了提高铝合金的耐磨性，利用铜合金体系存在液相分离现象等冶金性质，在铝合金表面设计了自生铜基复合材料体系，并采用激光熔覆技术对其进行了验证和优化。设计的较理想材料体系为Cu-16Ni-6Fe-8Co-7Mo-4Cr-3Si，由其得到的激光熔覆复合材料中存在大量的自生硬质颗粒增强体，其熔覆涂层具有良好耐磨性，其耐磨性甚至优于汽车发动机缸盖阀门座圈QZ5铸铁合金。     

高能脉冲类激光熔覆镍基合金层的组织及性能

为了提高304不锈钢表面的综合性能,采用高能脉冲类激光熔覆沉积技术在304不锈钢表面制备了镍基合金熔覆层.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、销-盘磨损试验机与电化学测试系统对镍基合金熔覆层的显微组织、相结构、耐磨损性能和电化学腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,镍基合金熔覆层与304不锈钢基材呈良好的冶金结合,熔覆层的相对耐磨损性为304不锈钢基材的4.4倍.熔覆层组织由γ-Ni基体相、Ni_3Mo、Fe_7Mo_3和Cr_(23)C_6碟状增强相与不规则棒状增强相组成.增强相是提高耐磨损性能的主要原因,增强相与基体相的电极电位差是导致腐蚀电流密度增加的主要原因.     

激光熔覆钛基复合涂层的显微组织和硬度分析

采用激光熔覆快速非平衡合成方法制备了原位反应合成TiB增强钛基复合材料.用Y2O3、Ti和B的混合粉末在Ti-6Al-4V基体表面激光熔覆制得TiB/Ti复合涂层.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射光谱仪(EDS)和硬度测试等方法,研究了原位合成TiB/Ti复合涂层的显微结构和显微硬度.结果显示:激光熔覆层的相结构主要为α-Ti和TiB两相,TiB增强相均匀地分布于复合涂层中,熔覆层的硬度值高于基体Ti合金的硬度值1倍以上,Y2O3含量(质量分数w,全文同)为1％的激光熔覆涂层内部的增强相组织最为均匀、细小,且硬度值也最高,平均硬度(HV)值约为830.     

原材料对原位合成强化相结晶状态的影响

钛合金表面耐磨性能差限制了电厂重要成品部件的寿命。采用激光熔覆方法,研究了不同原料状态和稀土添加对原位合成复合TiB/TiN钛基涂层强化相粒度以及分布均匀性的影响。采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微分析(SEM)和高分辨投射分析(TEM)技术等方法研究了强化相组织形貌,得出以下结论:分别采用h-BN和纯硼酸、尿素为原料形成的Core-shell结构为原料,涂层中均原位合成TiB/TiN强化颗粒,采用非晶态BN有利于获得细小强化相组织,但强化相含量相对较少;添加CeO2有利于强化相晶粒细化以及均匀分布。     

Synthesis of Titanium Carbide Particle in Laser Melted-pool in situ

The titanium carbide phase was synthesized in laser melted-pool in situ as the reinforced particles of nickel based composite coating on Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy surface using the nickel and graphite blending powder by laser cladding. The microstructure investigation showed that the petals-shaped particles and granular particles were two main morphology of titanium carbide particles. And a few spiral-shaped titanium carbide pattern and eutectic titanium carbide appeared on the cross-sections of the coating. The spiral-shaped titanium carbide pattern composed of some slender arc-shape titanium carbide particles and the eutectic titanium carbide was fine. The morphology and distribution of the spiral-shaped titanium carbide patterns and eutectic titanium carbide confirmed that their growth mechanism was the dissolution-precipitation mechanism and was affected by the convection behavior of the laser melted pool. The spiral-shaped titanium carbide pattern would precipitate out the high-temperature melts under high-speed convection. The eutectic titanium carbide would precipitate out when the melts stopped convection or dropped to eutectic temperature.     

CO_2激光熔覆镍基合金粉末的组织和性能

为了提高核发电成套设备的阀体性能,采用CO_2激光器在SUS316LN奥氏体不锈钢表面熔覆了镍基合金粉末.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针分析仪、X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计和磨损试验机等对熔覆层的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明,从熔覆层熔合线到表面的组织依次由平面晶生长区、亚共晶区,共晶区与过共晶区组成.亚共晶组织的初晶相由γ-Ni相组成,而过共晶组织的初晶相由Cr B和Cr7C3相组成.CO_2激光熔覆层具有较高的维氏硬度和耐磨性能,且其裂纹断口形貌属于解理断裂.     

Microstructure and abrasion wear behavior of Ni-based laser cladding alloy layer at high temperature

Ni-based alloy coating on 21-4-N heat-resistant steel was prepared using CO2 laser, and the high-temperature abrasion wear was tested. The microstructure of this cladding layer and its abrasion wear behavior at high temperature by changing compositions and temperatures were investigated by means of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Among the three compositions of cladding layer, i.e. Ni21 ＋20% WC＋0. 5 % CeO2, Ni25＋20 % WC＋0. 5 % CeO2 and Ni60 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0. 5 % CeO2, the experimental results show that Ni21 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0.5?O2 cladding layer is made up of finer grains, and presents the best abrasion wear behavior at high temperature. The wear pattern of laser cladding layer is mainly grain abrasion at lower temperature, and it would be changed to adhesive abrasion and oxide abrasion at higher temperature.     

激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe复合涂层的组织与磨损性能

采用5kWCO2连续激光器在低碳钢表面激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层（Fe55）及添加20%Cr3C（2质量分数）的Fe基合金复合涂层（Cr3C2/Fe）,研究了两种涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及耐滑动磨损性能。结果表明,Fe55涂层以亚共晶方式结晶,在初生柱状固溶体枝晶间存在大量的网状共晶组织。Cr3C2/Fe涂层中Cr3C2大部分溶解,原Fe55涂层中初生柱状固溶体枝晶产生等轴化,枝晶组织也明显细化。激光熔覆Fe55涂层主要由α-Fe和Cr23C6组成,Cr3C2/Fe涂层的主要组成相为γ-Fe;α-Fe,Cr23C6以及未熔Cr3C2。激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe涂层的硬度和耐磨性明显优于Fe55涂层。     

2738模具钢表面激光熔覆Ni基WC复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

在2738模具钢表面通过CO2激光熔覆制备Ni基WC复合涂层。分别对2738钢基体和Ni-WC激光熔覆层进行干摩擦试验。用三维表面形貌仪测量磨损体积,用扫描电镜观察磨痕的表面形貌。试验结果表明,Ni-WC复合涂层试样的硬度显著提高,表面硬度超过1200HV,保证了Ni-WC熔覆层的耐磨性。熔覆层的平均摩擦因数约为0.24,与2738钢基体的摩擦因数0.43相比,降低了约44%。熔覆试样的比磨损率比基体试样的比磨损率下降了96.7%,WC硬质相提高了摩擦副表面的承载能力。磨粒磨损为Ni-WC复合涂层的主要磨损机理。     

稀土元素镧和锶对镍基钎焊料焊接性能的影响

碳化钨(WC)复合涂层是一种高温下使用的有效耐磨蚀保护涂层.在BNi-2钎料粉末中添加稀土粉末,用机械合金化技术制备了改进的BNi-2钎料粉末,并在Q235钢基体上制备了碳化钨复合涂层;采用SEM观察了涂层显微组织,分析了稀土元素La和Ce对钎料焊接性能的影响规律.结果表明,在BNi-2合金中分别加入0.1 Wt.%稀土元素La,0.05 Wt.%稀土元素Ce,并采用机械合金化制备的粉状镍基焊料,与母材润湿性良好,焊接性能有所提高.采用此焊料及渗透钎焊技术可以制备出界面结合良好的WC复合涂层.     

宽带送粉激光熔覆ZrO_2/Ni60A复合涂层组织及硬度分析

在304不锈钢外圆表面使用激光熔覆镍基氧化锆金属陶瓷粉末,对激光工艺参数进行优化,制备工艺性能良好的熔覆层.研究了激光工艺参数对熔覆层宏观形貌、显微组织和硬度分布的影响.结果表明：激光功率为1.5 kW时为佳;随扫描速度增大,熔覆层的组织有细化的趋势;通过优化扫描速度,可得到显微硬度值较高,且沿熔覆层表面的垂直方向的硬度分布变化不大的熔覆涂层.     

激光熔覆功率对原位合成TiB/TiN涂层组织和摩擦性能的影响

以光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)方法分析涂层相组织结构和显微形貌,采用硬度测试仪及滑动磨损机测试涂层硬度及耐磨性能.结果表明,涂层中原位合成了TiB和TiN强化相颗粒,分别呈现针棒状形貌组织和等轴晶形貌组织;激光功率对组织形貌影响较大,随着激光功率的提高,熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性能呈上升的趋势;母材的磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损,而熔覆层金属的磨损主要由疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损共同作用,其中磨粒磨损占主体作用.     

Dry wear behaviors of wear resistant composite coatings produced by laser cladding

Using different proportional mixtures of Ni-coated MoS2, TiC and pure Ni powders, new typical wear resistant and selflubricant coatings were formed on low carbon steel by laser cladding process. The microstructures and phase composition of the composite coatings were studied by SEM and XRD. The typical microstructure of the composite coating is composed of multisulfide phases including binary element sulfide and ternary element sulfide, γ-Ni, TiC and Mo2C. Wear tests were carried out using an FALEX-6 type pin-on-disc machine. The friction coefficient and mass loss of three kinds of MoS2/TiC/Ni laser clad coatings are lower than those of quenched 45 steel, and the worn surfaces of the laser cladding coatings are very smooth. Because of high hardness combined with low friction, the laser cladding composite coating with a mixture of 70% Ni-coated MoS2, 20%TiC and 10% pure Ni powder presents better wear behaviors than the composite coating with other powder blends. The composition analysis of the worn surface of GCr15 bearing steel shows that the transferred film from the laser cladding coating to the opposite surface of GCr15 bearing steel contains an amount of sulfide, which can change the micro-friction mechanism and lead to a reduced friction coefficient.     

等离子堆焊镍基合金粉末的组织与性能

为了提高核电成套设备的阀体性能,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子探针显微分析仪和能谱仪分析了堆焊层的组织形态和成分分布,利用显微硬度计测量了堆焊层的硬度,利用磨损试验机分析了堆焊层的耐磨性.结果表明,堆焊层主要由过共晶组织组成,从熔合线到堆焊表面堆焊层组织依次为平面晶生长区、亚共晶组织区、共晶组织区和过共晶组织区.堆焊层金属相由γ-Ni、CrB、Cr_2B、Cr_7C_3和Cr_(23)C_6组成,初晶相由硼化物(CrB或Cr_2B)和碳化物(Cr_7C_3或Cr_(23)C_6)组成,而共晶组织主要由富(Ni,Fe)奥氏体固溶体或富Ni奥氏体固溶体组成.堆焊层表面平均硬度达到50 HV以上,约为基体硬度的3~5倍,与母材相比堆焊层的耐磨性约提高了9倍.     

20#钢表面镍基添Y2O3激光熔覆层及其高温磨损行为

采用激光熔覆法,在20#钢表面制备出添Y2O3的镍基合金粉末的熔覆涂层．分析了熔覆层的相组成、高温耐磨性能;观察了熔覆层显微形貌．结果表明：所制得的熔覆层组织均一、致密,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合．添加Y2O3的熔覆层硬度提高到基体的3．9倍,高温耐磨率仅是基体的1／4．熔覆层耐磨能力增强的主要原因是熔覆层与基体良好的冶金结合,镍基合金良好性能,组织细化以及硼化物、硼碳化物等析出相的强化作用．     

激光熔覆纳米涂层在纺机设备中的应用研究

对激光熔覆技术和等离子喷涂技术在纺机设备上的模拟耐磨实验,观察其微观组织,并通过耐磨性能对比分析,结果表明:激光熔覆涂层比等离子喷涂涂层显微硬度高,且耐磨性能提高50%。     

Ti对激光熔覆铁基合金涂层组织和耐磨性的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在低碳钢表面制备Fe基合金涂层（Fe50）和添加1％（质量分数）Ti粉的Ti／Fe50涂层,分析研究两涂层的相结构、显微组织、硬度及耐磨性。结果表明：激光熔覆Fe50涂层主要由α-Fe和Cr23C6组成,其组织由柱状枝晶固溶体及其间网状分布的共晶组成;添加质量分数为1％的Ti后,涂层中除了α-Fe和Cr23C6相,还含有γ—Fe相,组织明显等轴化、均匀化;与Fe50涂层相比,Ti／Fe50涂层耐磨性提高了20％以上。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆高硅涂层的组织与磨损性能

用7kW横流C02激光器在ZL101铝合金表面激光熔覆高硅涂层。探索不同激光功率熔覆对涂层质量的影响,分析涂层的微观组织,测试涂层的硬度和磨损性能。结果表明：在优化工艺参数下制备出的激光熔覆高硅涂层组织致密、无气孔和裂纹,激光熔覆层中存在大量初晶Si、α-Al树枝晶和共晶组织。涂层与基体结合区处呈现典型的外延生长特征,形成了良好的冶金结合。熔覆层的横截面硬度在HV150～320之间,是基体的2～3倍,并显著提高了基体的耐磨性能。