盐酸蒸气处理对酞菁氧钛薄膜的影响

用HC1蒸气对真空蒸发沉积的酞菁氧钛薄膜进行了处理 ,并用UV Vis吸收谱、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)和X射线衍射 (XRD)进行了分析。吸收谱结果表明HC1与酞菁氧钛蒸气作用后产生一个新的吸收峰 ,峰值位于 82 0nm附近。此峰的出现使得酞菁氧钛光吸收带 (Q带 )加宽进入红外波段。光电子谱分析表明酞菁氧钛薄膜的成分发生了变化 ,其中Cl和O的含量随HC1蒸气处理时间的增加而增加 ,而N和Ti的含量随HC1蒸气处理时间的增加而减小 ,说明HC1蒸气可与真空蒸发沉积的酞菁氧钛薄膜发生作用。XRD测试结果表明 ,经HC1蒸气处理后的酞菁氧钛薄膜的衍射谱中出现了若干新的衍射峰 ,表明酞菁氧钛分子的排列结构也发生了变化     

电子辐照对直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

主要研究了1.5MeV、剂量为3.5×1017e/cm2的电子辐照后的直拉硅经后续高温热处理,其体内氧沉淀的变化情况以及清洁区的形成.结果表明,电子辐照促进了直拉硅中氧沉淀的生成,而且经过快速热处理再加上高温一步退火,电子辐照后的直拉硅内形成一定宽度的清洁区,而且清洁区的宽度随快速热处理温度的升高而变窄.     

热氧稳定化过程中聚丙烯腈纤维序态结构的变化

研究了聚丙烯腈(PAN)共聚纤维在连续热氧稳定化过程中序态结构的变化,结果表明:X射线衍射极图所提供的0°-360°全角扫描信息,可表征纤维内部晶面法向分子链的分布密度,描述分子链取向结构的变化程度;可较全面.动态和直观地解析聚丙烯腈大分子链在热氧稳定化过程中经历的由初期取向结构改善到中、后期大分子链解取向的全过程.在较低的热氧稳定化温度下,PAN大分子链无序区先发生化学反应,有序度变化不大;当热处理提供的能量超过有序区环化和改变分子构象所需要的能量时,有序区发生剧烈的热化学反应,有序度急剧下降.     

全硅氧键硅单体对苯丙乳液聚合稳定性及性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

利用全硅氧键硅单体与丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯进行乳液共聚,一直是直接制取纳米二氧化硅苯丙复合乳液的理想方法,但因硅氧键水解速度快于丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯的自由基聚合速度,故存在聚合稳定性差的问题。文中先以正硅酸四甲酯、环己醇和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯为原料,正己烷为甲醇共沸剂,通过两步酯交换反应,制得了不同疏水性的全硅氧键乙烯基不饱和硅单体;然后以其为功能单体,经乳液聚合制得可在成膜过程中就地生成纳米二氧化硅的复合苯丙乳液。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析了酯交换产物中的主要组分;用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、Zeta电位及激光粒度测试、铅笔划痕硬度对乳液及乳胶膜进行了表征。结果表明,硅单体加入量在30%(质量分数)时,乳液聚合仍有很好的稳定性;乳胶粒粒径分布较窄,粒径约100 nm;乳胶膜中存在纳米二氧化硅晶体,膜硬度达H级。     

多孔硅对RDX感度及性能的影响

为了研究纳米多孔硅对黑索今(RDX)感度和性能的影响,对其进行热性能、感度、爆速和钢凹深度的测试。结果表明:随着多孔硅的加入,RDX的撞击感度和爆速均有所降低,且随着多孔硅质量分数的增加,撞击感度依次升高而爆速依次降低;当多孔硅的质量分数为1%时,降低了RDX的摩擦感度,但多孔硅质量分数进一步增加时,却提高了RDX的摩擦感度;3%多孔硅的加入可以增加RDX的作功能力。     

起始物对Li^＋、Ca^2＋混合型低硅X型分子筛（LSX）制备及吸附性能的影响

采用Li-LSX,Ca-LSX为起始物进行离子交换分别制备了Li 、Ca2 混合型LSX,通过ICP-AES,7Li MAS NMR,23Na MAS NMR及静态吸附等检测方法,考察了起始物不同对离子交换限度,离子定位与产品吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,以Ca-LSX为起始物进行Li交换得到的Li-Ca-LSX最大交换率为31.5%,此时吸附性能最优,氮氧吸附量分别为36.4和5.0mL/g,选择性系数为12.4,且节约了Li的用量.借助NMR结果发现,对吸附性能有直接影响的Li ,除公认SIII位置外,尚有少量SI'亦有较显著作用.     

聚乙烯亚胺修饰富勒烯的制备及其对聚丙烯热氧稳定性的影响

利用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)分子中活泼的?NH?与富勒烯(C₆₀)结构中C=C键之间的加成反应,制备了PEI修饰C₆₀杂化物(C₆₀?PEI),并采用FTIR、TEM等测试方法对C₆₀?PEI的分子结构和形态进行表征。采用熔融共混法制备了C₆₀?PEI/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,并对其热性能和阻燃性能进行研究。热失重分析结果表明,C₆₀?PEI可以更有效地发挥C₆₀的自由基捕捉作用,对PP热稳定性的提高效果较C₆₀更明显;氧化诱导测试(OIT)结果表明,C₆₀?PEI/PP复合材料比C₆₀/PP复合材料具有更优异的抗氧性能;微型量热测试也表明,燃烧过程中C₆₀?PEI/PP复合材料比C₆₀/PP复合材料具有更低的热释放量。      

原位AgX对亲水型光敏热成像（PTG）材料感光性能和稳定性的影响

分别研究了原位AgBr和AgI对亲水性PTG材料的感光性能以及热加工后光稳定性的影响。结果表明,AgBr与硬脂酸银（AgSt）的摩尔比为0．01：1时,PTG材料可取得最大感光度,对于AgI可取得相似的结果。未曝光PTG样片经热显影后,在室内光照条件下产生灰雾的程度不同。含有原位AgI的PTG样片的灰雾增长约0．10左右,而含有原位AgBr的PTG样片灰雾增长约0．20左右。     

凝固条件对铝硅合金凝固组织影响的研究

通过一种近定向凝固的实验装置研究了不同保温温度、冷却条件对铝合金等轴晶形核率、柱状晶形核率、柱状晶向等轴晶转变位置的影响规律,试验结果表明:降低保温温度水温,会增大等轴晶区的面积,并且会增大柱状晶和等轴晶的形核率;水冷和油冷比吹风冷却增大铸件柱状晶和等轴晶的形核率,但是会减少等轴晶区的面积,其中水冷更为明显一些.最后根据正交试验获得的CET位置实验结果,针对本文的实验条件,提出了具有一定预测精度的CET转变判据.     

预氧丝皮芯结构对碳纤维性能的影响

在使用PAN.F(聚丙烯腈原丝)为前躯体制备PAN.CF(聚丙烯腈基碳纤维)的过程中,经过预氧化反应生成的PAN.OF(聚丙烯腈基氧化纤维,俗称预氧丝)是其非常重要的中间过程,PAN.OF的皮芯结构直接影响着PAN.CF的力学性能。借助超薄切片机、电子显微镜、扫描电镜和材料试验机等表征测试手段,系统研究了PAN.OF的皮芯结构对PAN.CF力学性能的影响。研究认为:通过原丝的细旦化和预氧化过程条件的优化可以有效控制或消除PAN.OF的皮芯结构,得到抗拉强度5600MPa以上,弹性模量290GPa以上的碳纤维。     

Microstructure and nonlinear optical characterization of a poly(aryl ether ketone) containing cobalt phthalocyanine

Poly(aryl ether ketone) containing cobalt phthalocyanine (PAEK-CoPc) is synthesized. The resulting polymer has good solubility and thermal stability. It shows optical absorption in the visible region, and exhibits blue photoluminescence. SEM images reveal that cotton morphology is shown when a solution of PAEK-CoPc in CHCl₃ is mixed with 4 equiv of Bipy, and then dried on a substrate. The third order nonlinear optical property of PAEK-CoPc solution is characterized by Z-scan measurement at 532nm with 4.5ns pulses and the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ⁽³⁾ is 1.11 × 10^{− 11}esu in the non-resonant region.     

新型含氰侧基氯取代聚芳醚醚酮酮的合成及表征

在无水AlCl3及N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)/1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)复合溶剂的存在下,将2,6-二苯氧基苯甲腈(DPOBN)与2,5-二氯对苯二甲酰氯(DCC)进行低温缩聚反应,合成了一类新型含氰侧基氯取代的聚芳醚醚酮酮.用IR、DSC、TG、WAXD等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,所合成的聚合物为非晶态聚合物;其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为229℃,热分解5%的温度(Td)为445℃,说明其具有突出的耐高温性能;聚合物能在NMP、DMF、DMSO等强极性非质子溶剂及DCE、THF、CHCl3等普通溶剂中溶解或溶胀.     

Efficient removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by halloysite/poly(amidoamine) dendritic nano-hybrid materials: kinetic,isotherm and thermodynamic studies

This paper demonstrates functionalization of a new hybrid nanoclay for effective adsorption of chromium(VI) ions from wastewater. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were functionalized by poly(amidoamine) dendritic polymers (HNTs-(DEN-NH₂)) via a convergent synthetic route by carboxylic acid as a linkage. Various characterization methods confirm that poly(amidoamine) dendritic groups were effectively grafted onto the surface of HNTs that found a high specific surface area of 75 m²/g, as measured by micrometric BET analyzer. Moreover, the adsorption activity of HNTs-(DEN-NH₂) for Cr(VI) was systematically investigated using a batch solution that reveals the removal efficiency of 98% for HNTs-(DEN-NH₂) comparing to 23% for pristine HNTs, at optimum conditions. The enhancement of Cr(VI) removal for HNTs-(DEN-NH₂) comparing to HNTs was mainly ascribed to be due to the electrostatic interaction, that was confirmed by the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, regeneration studies display that HNTs-(DEN-NH₂) can maintain removal Cr(VI) with high efficiency after four consecutive cycles.     

新型可溶性聚芳醚腈酮的合成及其在绝缘漆领域的应用

以4种含杂萘联苯结构的类双酚单体分别与2,6-二氯苯腈、4,4-二氟酮进行亲核缩聚反应,制备了一系列新型含杂萘联苯结构的聚芳醚腈酮树脂.研究了不同类双酚单体结构对聚合物性能的影响.所制备聚合物均具有较高的分子量,特性粘度在0.50dL/g以上,可溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),氯仿等极性非质子型有机溶剂中.聚合物的结构以FT-IR进行表征;利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明,该类聚芳醚腈酮树脂具有优异的耐热性能,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在255～277℃之间,10%热失重温度(Td)在498℃以上.由该系列聚芳醚腈酮材料制成的绝缘漆具有良好的电绝缘性能,较高的机械强度,良好的柔韧性和附着力.     

Effect of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of poly(ether ether ketone)

Pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and noncovalently functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) were used to prepare poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites (CNTs/PEEK and f-CNTs/PEEK) via melt blending. Noncovalently functionalized multiwalled nanotubes were synthesized using hydrogen-bonding interactions between sulfonic groups of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and carboxylic groups of nanotubes treated by acid (CNTs–COOH). The effects of these two kinds of nanotubes on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PEEK were investigated. CNTs improved mechanical properties and promoted the crystallization rate of PEEK as a result of heterogeneous nucleation. Better enhancement of mechanical properties appeared in the f-CNTs/PEEK composites, which is ascribed to the good interaction between f-CNTs and PEEK. However, the strong interaction of f-CNTs and PEEK chains decreased the crystallization rate of PEEK for high content of f-CNTs.     

聚醚砜微孔膜制备中非溶剂添加剂作用研究

以聚醚砜（ＰＥＳ）为膜材料，ＤＭＡｃ为溶剂，研究了３种非溶剂加剂（ＮＳＡ）－ＥｇＯＨ，ＤｅＯＨ和ＢｕＯＨ在水和ＮＳＡ中凝胶对于板微孔膜性能的影响，利用浊点法得到ＰＥＳ／ＤＭＡｃ／ＮＳＡ和ＰＥＳ／ＤＭＣｓ／ＮＳＡ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系２５℃的相图，并以邻近比α值来表征膜溶液组成点靠近相分离的程度，添加了ＮＳＡ的铸膜液在水中凝胶制备微孔膜，以ＥｇＯＨ为非溶剂添加物，在相同聚合物浓度，相同凝胶条件下，仅仅改变铸膜     

Co (II) phthalocyanine - amine functionalized graphene oxide as a solid base catalyst for the oxidation of thiols

A noncovalent attachment of propylamine (PA), butylamine (BA), ethylenediamine (EDA) and tetramethylenediamine (TMD) - functionalized Graphene oxide (GO) to cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) as a novel solid base catalyst was synthesized by mixing method. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX, MAP and HRTEM analyses. The catalytic performances of the synthesized catalyst were evaluated for the oxidation of various thiols in n-heptane under alkali free condition, and were in the following order: EDAGO-CoPc > TMDGO-CoPc > PAGO-CoPc > BAGO-CoPc. For better investigation, the potential of EDAGO-CoPc catalyst was investigated for thiols oxidation in real gasoline. According to the results, 96.55% thiols were removed from real gasoline over the EDAGO-CoPc catalyst. After eight runs of experiment, no significant change was observed in the activity of EDAGO-CoPc catalyst for thiols oxidation in real gasoline.     

用于32通道阵列波导光栅的氟化聚醚醚酮

合成了一种新型可自交联的苯乙炔封端的氟化聚醚醚酮(FPEEK-PEP)，并对其光学性质和热稳定性进行了表征。DSC和TGA结果显示FPEEK-PEP起始交联温度为360℃，交联后的FPEEK-PEP的玻璃化转变温度为190℃．在空气中5％的热失重温度为540℃，具有非常好的热稳定性。折射指数在1．455～1.53l范围内可调。旋涂时具有很好的成膜性，原子力显微照片(AFM)显示，粗糙度起伏为1．986nm。用FPEEK-PEP作为波导材料制作了32通道硅基聚合物阵列波导光栅(AWG)，测量其通道间隔近似为0．8nm．中心波长为1548nm。     

The influence of thermal history on the mechanical properties of poly(ether ether ketone) matrix composite materials

The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the microstructural factors that affect the flexural fatigue performance of carbon-fibre-reinforced poly(ether ehter ketone) (PEEK) composites. Specifically, the effect of the degree of crystallinity on the mechanical properties is examined at two crystallinity levels of the as-received composites (35%) and of quenched composites (10%). Higher static flexural strength and modulus as well as longer fatigue life are observed for the higher crystallinity level. By varying the loading angle with respect to the fibre direction it is shown that the crystallinity effect is not matrix dependent alone. Rather, a strong effect is evident in the fibre direction, which is attributed to the influence of the transcrystalline layer formed on the fibre surface in the high-crystallinity material. As a result, the longitudinal fatigue life at 1·7GPa of the 35% crystallinity material is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the 10% crystallinity composite.     

磺化聚芳醚砜与可溶性聚酰亚胺共混材料制备气体除湿膜

在不同反应条件下制备了一系列磺化聚芳醚砜（ＳＰＥＳ－Ｃ）样品，采用磺化程度较高的产物与可溶性聚酰亚胺（ＰＩ）进行共混并纺制成中空纤维膜，研究了磺化条件对材料磺化程度、共混相容性及成膜性能的影响，通过测试膜对空气中水蒸汽的脱除效果得到了一些规律性的结论。