纳米SiO2氢氧化铝/十二烷基苯磺酸钠的表面包覆改性

通过氢氧化铝和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对纳米SiO2进行表面包覆和改性处理,改善纳米SiO2的表面结构和分散性.使用IR、FESEM、EDS、Malvern Zetasize 3000HSA自动电位粒度仪等表征手段,对表面包覆改性后纳米SiO2的表面结构、形貌及等电点等进行了测试和分析.结果表明,经Al(OH)3表面包覆后,纳米SiO2粉体等电点(IPE)的pH值从1.58变为7.1;经SDBS对表面包覆Al(OH)3的纳米SiO2进行改性后,纳米SiO2粉体团聚现象减少,单个纳米SiO2颗粒的粒径约为30nm.     

复合SnO_2-SiO_2纳米颗粒制备及其抗静电性能

以(C2H5)4SiO4、SnCl4·5H2O为原料,采用分步水解法制备以SnO2为芯材、SiO2为壳材的复合型SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒,以扫描电镜(SEM)观察纳米材料的形貌,并用红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒的结构,研究不同核壳物质的量比的SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒对明胶膜的抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:掺加SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒的明胶膜具有良好的抗静电能力,随着复合颗粒加入量的增加,表面电导和明胶膜的光学密度都随之增加。     

纳米TiO_2/SiO_2的制备与表征及其光催化活性的研究

针对二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米颗粒极易团聚、分散性差的问题,以提高TiO2分散稳定性与光催化活性为目的,采用并流中和法,以锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粉体为载体,硅酸钠(Na2SiO3)为包覆剂,使用硫酸(H2SO4)调节pH值,在纳米TiO2表面包覆致密的氧化硅(SiO2)膜。借助Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR),X射线能量散射谱(EDS)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)表征样品的键合情况、表面化学成分、分散性,同时借助紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis Spectrophotometer)以亚甲基蓝的光催化降解反应对其光催化活性进行评价。FTIR和EDS结果表明:采用该包覆法后,SiO2以化学键合的方式沉积在纳米TiO2表面,在包覆层和纳米TiO2颗粒之间的界面上形成了Ti—O—Si键。SEM结果表明:TiO2/SiO2纳米复合粒子分散均匀,无严重团聚和大块堆积现象。光催化实验结果表明:以SiO2表面包覆后的TiO2颗粒光催化活性明显高于纯TiO2。     

纳米SiO2制备及改性

为了改善纳米SiO2的分散性,用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米SiO2凝胶,并用不同改性剂对粉末进行了表面改性.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、粒度分析仪(PSA)、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-VS)等分析了纳米SiO2的粒径及分散性.结果表明,正硅酸乙酯的水解和缩合反应条件直接影响纳米SiO2粉体的粒径大小.KH-550硅烷偶联改性剂用量、改性时间等因素对改性效果有明显的影响.当改性剂用量为4.1%(质量分数),改性时间为2h时,可得到高分散性的纳米SiO2粉体.纳米SiO2粉末易发生团聚,只有对其进行表面改性,才能得到疏水性纳米SiO2粉末.     

纳米SiO2的表面改性及其在聚氨酯弹性体中的应用

用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS) 对表面包覆Al(OH)3的纳米SiO2进行了改性处理.通过IR、自动电位粒度仪和FESEM等测试手段对表面处理前后纳米SiO2的表面结构、界面电性能和分散状况进行了分析表征.考查了处理前后纳米SiO2与聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)的相容性及其对PUE材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,经SDBS对表面包覆Al(OH)3的纳米SiO2粉体进行改性后,纳米SiO2粉体的团聚现象减少,分散性提高,单个纳米SiO2颗粒的平均粒径约为30nm;经表面处理后的纳米SiO2粉体与有机基体PUE的相容性增强,并对PUE材料的力学性能有了较大的改善,能同时达到增强增韧的效果.     

纳米SiO2表面改性及其分散性能研究

采用过氧化氢溶液对纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)粉体进行表面预处理;以γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂,在水相一油相混合溶液中,对预处理后的纳米SiO2粉体进行表面改性.对改性前后的纳米SiO2粉体采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、紫外一可见光光谱仪、粒径分析等方法进行表征与检测.结果表明:过氧化氢能有效防止纳米Sio2粉体团聚,表面改性后纳米SiO2粉体能均匀分散到有机溶剂中.     

丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO_2复合细乳液的制备与表征

使用纳米SiO2粉体与丙烯酸酯单体通过细乳液聚合制备出丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合乳液。采用红外光谱法(FT-IR),透射电子显微镜(TEM),拉力试验机以及热分析仪等对复合乳液及其胶膜的结构、形貌、耐热性及力学性能进行了表征。研究了纳米SiO2的用量对复合乳液及其胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合乳液粒子具有核壳结构;纳米SiO2粒子的加入,提高了乳胶膜的热稳定性和力学性能;当SiO2用量为5%(质量分数)时,胶膜的透光性能较好。     

SiO2包覆的羟基磷灰石纳米粒子的制备与性能研究

采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解法在羟基磷灰石粉体表面包覆SiO2进行表面改性,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)、zeta电位和沉降实验等对样品的晶体结构、颗粒形貌进行了表征,结果表明涂层厚度约为3nm,包覆后的纳米粒子在水溶液中的胶体稳定性提高了5倍,SiO2在羟基磷灰石表面的吸附符合异质凝结机制。     

纳米Y2O3:Eu3+粉体的表面包膜处理

本文采用高分子网络凝胶法制备了粒径约为20nm的纳米Y2O3:Eu3+粉体,并采用KAl(SO4)2及Na2SiO3溶液进行表面包膜处理,在纳米Y2O3:Eu3+粉体表面获得了约2nm厚的复合氧化物膜,发现包膜处理对纳米Y2O3:Eu3+粉体分散性能及表面结构有明显的影响.     

纳米碳化钨的制备及电化学催化性能研究

以新制备的过氧钨酸和酚醛树脂为原料合成碳化钨(WC)前驱体,分别以H2和Ar为还原及保护气体,原位碳化制备纳米WC粉体.使用FTIR、XRD及SEM对试样的理化特性进行表征,并采用循环伏安法测试Pt/WC复合材料的电化学催化活性及其稳定性.结果表明,实现了低温原位碳化制备纯度高的纳米WC粉体,粉体颗粒粒径为15～100nm,颗粒形貌近似球形.WC可与Pt协同作用加强H2的电催化氧化作用,10%Pt/WC(质量分数)展现了较好的催化稳定性和活性,其电流密度可达49.58mA/cm2.     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O