单步溶胀聚合法制备单分散分子印迹聚合物微球:孔结构及其吸附与识别性能

采用单步溶胀聚合法在水溶液中制得了单分散的S-萘普生分子印迹聚合物微球。利用扫描电镜及氮气吸附试验分析了微球的形态及孔结构,并考察了微球的吸附与识别性能。研究结果表明,通过单步溶胀聚合法制得的分子印迹聚合物微球具有较窄的粒径分布（ε〈2．0％）,氯仿及交联剂的用量对微球的表面形态、孔径大小及分布、比表面积等都有明显的影响。Scatchard分析表明分子印迹聚合物微球在识别S-萘普生分子过程中存在两类结合位点,高亲和力的结合位点的离解常数为Kd1=2.13mmol/L,Qmax1=36.46μmolg/g,低亲和力的结合位点的离解常数为Kd2=31．55mmol／L,Qmax2=389．99μmol／g。     

氧化乐果分子印迹微球的制备及其性能研究

以氧化乐果为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸（MAA）为功能单体,利用悬浮聚合法制备了粒径分布范围较窄的氧化乐果分子印迹微球（MIPMs）和空白对照微球（NMIPMs）。通过紫外光谱及红外光谱说明了MAA与氧化乐果之间的结合作用,并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了所制微球的外观形态和粒径分布。静态吸附实验证明MIPMs对氧化乐果的吸附量明显大于NMIPMs。Scatchard分析表明,MIPMs在识别氧化乐果过程中存在两类结合位点：高亲和位点的解离常数KD1=0.131mmol/L,最大表观结合量Qmax1=3.890μmol/g,低亲合位点解离常数为KD2=5.178mmol/L,最大表观结合量Qmax2=62.232μmol/g。选择性吸附实验结果表明MIPMs对氧化乐果的吸附量最大,具有很好的选择性能。     

金属有机骨架-分子印迹复合材料的制备、表征及其对吗啉的吸附性能

以金属有机骨架为载体,通过表面化学修饰后再接枝分子印迹聚合物制备了一种对吗啉具备高选择性能的新型复合材料,用红外光谱、扫描电镜分别探测了所获材料的表面化学基团分布及形貌特征。研究了金属有机骨架-分子印迹(MOFs-MIPs)复合材料对吗啉分子的吸附动力学及选择性,测试了材料表面的结合位点分布特征,并考察了复合材料对水果粗提物溶液中吗啉的固相萃取效能。印迹材料可在150 min内达到吸附平衡,其对吗啉的静态吸附量为183.3 mg/g。Scatchard分析表明分子印迹聚合物表面主要存在两类吸附位点,高亲和位点的平衡离解常数K和最大表观吸附量Q_(max)分别为0.5679 g/L和326.5 mg/g,而低亲和位点的K和Q_(max)值分别为2.493 g/L和562.9 mg/g。印迹材料对吗啉的选择因子相对于甲基吗啉、乙基吗啉和甲基吗啉氧化物分别为2.47、2.48和2.24。MOFs-MIPs复合材料用于固相萃取时,在优化条件下单步洗脱中吗啉回收率达82.44%,显示了较高的富集效能,且这种材料可多次重复使用。     

农药对硫磷分子印迹聚合物合成及亲和性评价

对硫磷为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,热引发沉淀聚合法合成对硫磷分子印迹聚合物(MIP)。通过计算机模拟和紫外分析阐述模板与功能单体的分子间作用;通过电镜观察和平衡吸附试验讨论引发剂用量与聚合物性质关系;通过吸附试验Scatchard分析测得最大吸附量为3.92μmol/g,平衡解离常数为91.7μmol/L,且具有较好的吸附特异性。该分子印迹聚合物性能优良,有望应用于环境中对硫磷的富集和检测。     

水杨酸表面印迹聚合物的水相合成与性能

以水杨酸为模板分子,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用乳液聚合法在水性介质中合成了水杨酸表面印迹聚合物(SA-SMIPs),利用静态平衡吸附法研究了印迹聚合物的选择吸附性能。底物选择性实验表明,相比结构类似的间羟基苯甲酸和磺基水杨酸,SA-SMIPs对水杨酸呈现了较好的选择性。Scatchard分析表明,印迹聚合物中形成了两类结合位点,离解常数分别为2.03mmol/L和9.97mmol/L。吸附动力学研究表明,SA-SMIPs对水杨酸的初始表面吸附速度很快。     

咖啡因分子印迹酚醛吸附树脂的分子识别特性

合成了咖啡因印迹酚醛吸附树脂,采用静态和动态吸附法考察了分子识别特性。Scatchard分析表明,咖啡因印迹酚醛吸附树脂具有特定的高亲和性结合位点,其离解常数和最大吸附量为Kd1=26.8 mg/L,Qmax1=13.7 mg/g,低亲和性结合位点的离解常数和最大吸附量为Kd2=114 mg/L,Qmax2=28.5 mg/g。在动态条件下,浓度为400 mg/L的咖啡因溶液以3BV/h的流速流经树脂床时,在第26BV出现穿透;用1 mol/L的盐酸以1.5 BV/h的流速进行洗脱,在4BV的洗脱率达到97.5%。     

中空结构双模板分子印迹微球的制备及在燃油脱硫中的应用

以Si O2为载体,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,运用蒸馏沉淀法制备出苯并噻吩(BT)、二苯并噻吩(DBT)复合模板分子印迹聚合物,去除载体后得到中空分子印迹聚合物(H-MIP)。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、透射电镜对其进行表征,在模拟汽油环境中测试该印迹聚合物的吸附性能。结果表明,该中空结构的多孔分子印迹聚合物对BT及DBT表现出良好的选择性吸附性能,吸附容量分别为188μmol/g和212μmol/g,同时该产品可在短周期内重复使用。     

基于分子印迹膜离子选择性电极检测水体中萘普生污染物的含量

采用沉淀聚合方法合成了萘普生分子印迹聚合物,并对其进行SEM表征,结果表明印迹聚合物分子粒径在2μm左右;静态吸附实验结果表明添加了分子印迹聚合物的溶液对待测离子的吸附量达16.8μmol/L,明显高于非分子印迹聚合物的溶液。将印记分子聚合物应用于离子选择性电极的膜相中,采用三(十二烷基)甲基氯化铵为离子交换剂,该检测方法对萘普生的检出限可达1.8×10-8 mol/L,实现了对萘普生低检出限、高灵敏度的检测。     

单一结合位点分子印迹聚合物的合成及性能

采用分子自组装印迹技术在光引发条件下制备了以(S)-布洛芬为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体的分子印迹聚合物。通过红外对聚合物的结构进行了表征。透射电镜结果表明,交联剂用量对印迹聚合物的形貌特征具有显著的影响。同时结合Scatchard分析研究了印迹聚合物的吸附性能及选择性识别能力,表明印迹聚合物特异性吸附容量为41μmol/g,印迹指数为2.28,对(S)-布洛芬形成单一结合位点,且表现出明显的吸附选择性。     

PAEs硅胶表面分子印迹微球的制备及识别特性

用紫外分光光度法对功能单体和模板分子间的结合作用进行了研究,选择结合作用最强的甲基丙烯酸作为功能单体。用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙烯基三甲氧基硅烷对硅胶表面进行修饰,以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯作为模板分子,在硅胶表面聚合制备了邻苯二甲酸酯表面分子印迹聚合物微球(MIPMs)。用傅里叶红外和扫描电镜对产物进行了表征,吸附等温曲线实验选择了效果最好的正己烷作为溶剂,实验表明:MIPMs-模板分子在4h左右达到吸附平衡。Scatchard法分析了MIPMs-模板分子的吸附平衡常数(K)和吸附容量(Q),结果显示高吸附容量曲线Kd1=36.36mmol·L-1,Qmax1=33.58μmol·g-1;低吸附容量曲线Kd2=0.8850mmo·L-1,Qmax2=8.504μmol·g-1。选择性吸附实验结果表明MIPMs具有很好的选择性吸附能力。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.