南京及邻近地区新近沉积土的动剪切模量和阻尼比的试验研究

通过对南京及其邻近地区河漫滩相成因的粘土、粉质粘土、淤泥质粉质粘土、粉质粘土与粉砂互层土、粉土、粉细砂等6类新近沉积土的自振柱试验，详细地探讨了围压大小、剪应变水平、土的颗粒组成和结构性对这6类新近沉积土的剪切模量G及阻尼比λ的影响。通过与Seed和Idriss建议的砂土G／Gmax-γ和λ-γ曲线变化范围的对比，结果表明，不能将粉质粘土与粉砂互层土简单地当作砂土或粉质粘土对待。通过试验和理论分析，给出了南京及其邻近地区6类新近沉积土动剪切模量和阻尼比随剪应变变化的平均曲线的拟合曲线、包络线及其参数的推荐值，对实际工程具有一定的借鉴作用。     

石灰偏高岭土改良粉砂土强度特性与微观机理

以河南地区典型粉砂土为研究对象,制备不同石灰及偏高岭土掺量下的改良粉砂土试样,对其进行了无侧限抗压强度试验、扫描电镜(SEM)与X射线衍射(XRD)测试,并与水硬性石灰改良粉砂土进行对比分析.结果 表明:随着偏高岭土掺量的增加,改良粉砂土破坏应变增大,无侧限抗压强度提高,但强度增长率呈现先增加后减小的规律,并在偏高岭土掺量为4％时达到峰值;当养护龄期从7d增至28d时,石灰偏高岭土改良粉砂土的强度增长率明显高于石灰改良粉砂土.采用6％石灰+4％偏高岭土、8％石灰+4％偏高岭土可分别有效替代8％、10％的水硬性石灰;偏高岭土掺入后形成的水化产物可联结土颗粒并填充于孔隙,使改良粉砂土微观结构更加密实,具有一定的水硬性.     

粉砂土掺量对膨胀土膨胀与力学特性的影响

以河南省新乡地区某处膨胀土为研究对象,利用当地广泛分布的粉砂土对其进行改良,通过室内实验,研究不同粉砂土掺量对改良土膨胀特性及力学特性的影响.实验结果表明:随着粉砂土掺量的增加,无荷载和有荷载膨胀率在粉砂土掺量小于30％时快速下降,大于30％时缓慢下降;膨胀力随粉砂土掺量增加呈先缓慢下降后加速下降再缓慢下降的趋势;改良...     

山西粉土的动力特性试验研究

通过对山西地区代表性的粉土进行室内的共振柱试验及动三轴试验,研究了本地区粉土的动力特性和粉土在振动过程中孔隙水的变化规律,重点把粉土的共振柱试验结果与Seed和Idriss建议的砂土及饱和粘土的剪切模量比与剪应变(G/G0-γ)曲线和阻尼比与剪应变(D-γ)曲线的变化范围进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:粉土的剪模量比要比饱和砂土的大,其阻尼比小于砂土的阻尼比;粉土的抗液化强度与液化振次之间的关系可用乘幂函数来表示,其振动孔隙水压力的变化规律可以用二次抛物线拟合;结合了本地区的工程实践经验,可为工程设计与施工提供参考。     

预制桩桩基施工对桩周粉土及砂土密实度的影响分析

粉土、砂土是工程建设中常见的两种土类,其密实度和液化特征对工程建设影响十分明显。预制桩基施工对土层会产生一定程度的影响,特别是在粉土、砂土地层中,预制桩桩基施工前后粉土、砂土密实度和液化特征均会存在明显的变化。通过对桩基施工前后粉土、砂土密实度和液化趋势进行分析,得出桩基施工前后粉土、砂土密实度的变化和液化特征的不同,可供工程建设参考。     

基桩完整性检测中桩土相互作用参数的试验研究

通过模型桩室内试验模拟真实的桩土相互作用边界条件,应用低应变反射波法对桩土相互作用阻尼系数进行系统的研究。结果表明,桩土相互作用阻尼系数随着桩周土应力增大而增大,而且还与土质和土体的含水状态有关。对于砂土、粉土、粉质粘土,在相同应力状态下,粉质粘土的阻尼作用最大,粉土次之,砂土最小;对于同一类土,饱和土体阻尼作用大于非饱和土体。最后通过对试验结果的拟合分析建立阻尼系数与桩周土应力的相关关系。     

降水强夯处理软弱粉土地基试验研究

浙江省粉土，砂土分布广泛，使用强夯法处理软弱粉土尚鲜邮报道，通过某工程降水强夯处理的试验研究，笔者认为用该方法处理大面积浅层粉土地基可取得良好效果，具有积极的推广意义。     

气泡轻质混合土室内试验研究

原料土是气泡轻质混合土的基本原料,选用粉土作为原料土,制作气泡轻质混合土,并对其容重及轻度性能进行室内试验研究,并选用砂土、粉土、粘土制配气泡轻质混合土试件,对其抗压强度做对比试验研究。并对轻质混合土的应用和前景做了简要的分析。     

浅论地基处理

1 地基土分类 作为建筑地基的土;可分为岩石、碎石土、砂土、粉土、粘性土和人工填土等。岩石根据其坚固性分为硬质和软质;根据其风化程度可分为微风化、中等风化和强风化。碎石土是指粒径大于2mm的颗粒含量超过全重50％的土。碎石土可分为漂石、块石、卵石、碎石、圆砾和角砾。砂土是指粒径大于2mm的颗粒不超过全重50％粒径大于0 075mm的顶粒超过全重50％的土 砂土分为砾砂、粗砂、中砂、细砂和粉砂。粘性土是指望     

非饱和砂土和粉土的抗剪强度及其预测

以工程中常遇到的砂土和粉土为研究对象,对其进行土水特性试验和不同初始饱和度下的直剪试验,研究其土水特性和强度特性,重点研究其非饱和抗剪强度与饱和度间的关系。结果表明:在同一正应力下,非饱和状态的砂土和粉土的抗剪强度都随着饱和度的增大呈先增大后减小的变化,存在一个峰值;内摩擦角随着饱和度的变化不大,可视为常数。此外,根据实测的土水特征曲线,用平均骨架应力作为有效应力的强度算式对非饱和砂土和粉土的抗剪强度进行了预测,并与实测值进行对比,两者比较一致。     

活性MgO碳化固化土的干湿循环特性试验研究

碳化固化技术是一种利用二氧化碳对搅拌有活性氧化镁的土体进行碳化,以达到快速提高强度的低碳搅拌处理软土的创新技术。通过室内试验研究干湿循环对碳化固化土物理力学特性的影响,并与相同掺量下水泥固化土进行对比。结果表明:活性Mg O固化粉土碳化3 h试样的无侧限抗压强度可达5 MPa,粉质黏土碳化24 h试样可达2.6 MPa;干湿循环后碳化固化土的干密度降低,而水泥土干密度基本不变;6次干湿循环后粉土碳化试样的无侧限抗压强度仍然能达到4 MPa以上,为水泥固化粉土强度的2倍,具有较好的抗干湿循环性能;经过6次干湿循环后,粉质黏土碳化试样的残余强度仅为35%,而水泥固化粉质黏土降到65%,表明固化粉质黏土的抗干湿循环性能均较差,且粉质黏土碳化试样的抗干湿循环能力不及水泥固化粉质黏土试样。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电镜扫描(SEM)及压汞试验(MIP)测试表明干湿循环对粉土碳化试样的累计孔隙影响不大,因此粉土试样仍然具有比较大的密实度来保证试样强度;粉质黏土碳化试样因孔隙增加明显而变得疏松,因此强度显著降低。     

Verwendung von Schottersäulen bei Setzungen und für Verflüssigung anfälligen Böden

The use of stone columns on settlement and liquefaction susceptible soils. The new Paradisus Coco Beach Resort in Rio Grande (Puerto Rico) is located on an old swamp area which has been filled with relatively clean to silty sands. The swampy deposits consist of organic silts, peat and loose fine to medium sand and silty sand. The project required the placement of 1.0 to 1.5 meters of additional fill together with the construction of light structures. The need for the fill triggers the development of settlements in the underlaying weak and compressible stratum. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the loose sand to liquefaction during an earthquake was considered. This paper describes the soil improvement by means of vibro‐replacement, the purpose of which was threefold: reduction in total and differential settlement, acceleration of settlements during the surcharge period and densification of the loose sand to reduce its liquefaction potential. The predesign is presented together with relevant construction details of the preliminary trial areas from which the final column diameter and grid spacing were derived. Instrumentation together with settlement observations during the surcharge period are presented as well and compared with the initial predictions. Finally an analysis of the results was done with the program DC‐Vibro (DC‐Software GmbH) for the verification of the results following the approach of Priebe.     

南京粉质黏土与粉砂互层土及粉细砂的振动孔压发展规律研究

南京粉质黏土与粉砂互层土为粉质黏土与粉细砂交互沉积,呈现"千层饼"状外貌;南京粉细砂是一种以片状颗粒成分为主的粉细砂,与通常的圆形颗粒石英砂有一定区别,片状颗粒成分使得南京粉细砂具有各向异性的性质。利用南京工业大学岩土工程研究所自行研制的DSZ-1型动三轴仪对南京粉质黏土与粉砂互层土及粉细砂进行对比试验,对其试验成果进行分析,从中发现:在均压固结条件下,由于粉质黏土与粉砂互层土独特的结构性,其振动孔压发展模式与粉细砂的不同,可以用双曲线进行拟合,而粉细砂的振动孔压发展模式与Seed提出的砂土的振动孔压发展模式相同,可以用反正弦三角函数拟合;在偏压固结条件下,两者的振动孔压发展模式相同,均可以用双曲线进行拟合。此外,无论是均压固结还是偏压固结条件,对于粉质黏土与粉砂互层土,当以轴向双幅应变5%作为液化标准时,其发生液化的振动孔压均达不到围压值。     

Performance evaluation of silty sand reinforced with fibres

Triaxial compression tests were conducted to evaluate the response of randomly distributed fibre on the strength of reinforced silty sand. In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre was mixed with silty sand soil to investigate the increase of shear strength during triaxial compression. The specimens were tested under drained and undrained conditions with 0.25% and 0.5% content of OPEFB fibres of different lengths (i.e. 15 mm, 30 mm and 45 mm). In addition, OPEFB fibres coated with acrylic butadiene styrene thermoplastic were tested to determine the effect of coating on reinforcement. Inclusion of randomly distributed discrete fibres significantly improved the shear strength of silty sand. Coated OPEFB fibres increased the shear strength of silty sand much more compared to uncoated fibres. Coating fibres increases interface friction between fibre and soil particles by increasing the surface area. Reinforced silty sand containing 0.5% coated fibres of 30 mm length exhibited approximately 25% increase in friction angle and 35% in cohesion under undrained loading conditions compared to those of unreinforced silty sand. The results indicate that the shear strength parameters of the soil-fibre mixture (i.e. Φ′ and c′) can be improved significantly.     

含细粒砂性土标贯液化判别方法改进研究

含细粒砂性土相对于纯净砂在自然界中分布更为广泛,但是对于其液化判别,一直都是作为纯净砂液化判别的附属成果,没有得到足够的重视。回顾了中国规范方法与NCEER推荐方法,结合1999年台湾集集地震液化土与非液化土数据,发现两个方法定义纯净砂的矛盾,通过进一步对比判别结果,建议对两个方法做如下改进:1对中国规范方法,首先取消粉砂黏粒含量取3%的规定,并且对黏粒含量不大于3%且细粒含量大于15%的粉砂及粉土,取ρc=Fc/4,否则取3%;2对NCEER方法,当黏粒含量不大于3%时,只针对细粒含量大于20%的土,才考虑调整(N1)60。改进之后,中国规范方法过于保守的问题得到解决,NCEER方法对于黏粒含量不大于3%且细粒含量大于5%的土判别结果也不再偏于危险。     

有纺土工织物覆土条件下的渗透特性试验研究

分别配制不同孔隙比的粉砂、标准砂和黏土试样,采用自主研制的一套多功能渗透试验装置,开展了一系列纯土和有纺土工织物覆土条件下的渗透试验,对比分析了这两种条件下渗透系数的差异,并探讨了有纺土工织物与土共同作用下的渗透机理。结果表明,有纺土工织物对于土体渗流略有一定的抑制作用,表现为覆土条件下的渗透系数略小于纯土的渗透系数,但是对于粉砂,当其孔隙比比较大、细砂颗粒的含量相对较多时,细砂颗粒则有可能在渗流作用下通过有纺土工织物孔隙而产生流失,使得覆粉砂条件下的渗透系数略大于纯粉砂的渗透系数。     

A multi-attribute decision making approach of mix design based on experimental soil characterization

The clay mineral composition is one of the major factors that governs the physical properties of silty sand subgrade. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of mineral composition is essential to predict the optimum engineering properties of the soil, which is generally characterized by different indices like maximum dry density (MDD), California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and free swelling index (FSI). In this article, a novel multiattribute decision making (MADM) based approach of mix design has been proposed for silty sand–artificial clay mix to improve the characteristic strength of a soil subgrade. Experimental investigation has been carried out in this study to illustrate the proposed approach of selecting appropriate proportion for the soil mix to optimize all the above mentioned engineering properties simultaneously. The results show that a mix proportion containing approximately 90% silty sand plus 10% bentonite soil is the optimal combination in context to the present study. The proposed methodology for optimal decision making to choose appropriate combination of bentonite and silty sand is general in nature and therefore, it can be extended to other problems of selecting mineral compositions.     

Relative density effects on the bearing capacity of unsaturated sand

This study focuses on the impact of relative density on the bearing capacity of unsaturated sand using both theoretical predictions and measurements from physical modeling tests. The theoretical predictions incorporate the effective stress, quantified using the suction stress concept and friction angles obtained from direct shear tests on unsaturated sand specimens at different relative densities and degrees of saturation, into conventional bearing capacity equations. The suction stress values inferred from the failure envelopes were found to match well with values predicted from the soil-water retention curves for sands with different relative densities. Moreover, the bearing capacity values measured in physical modeling experiments involving loading of a circular footing atop unsaturated silty sand layers having different initial degrees of saturation matched well with the predicted bearing capacity values from an effective-stress based model. As expected, the bearing capacity was greater for soils with increasing relative density, but an interesting observation is that a transition from general to local shear failure occurred at a certain combination of relative density and degree of saturation. For the silty sand tested, this transition occurred at a relative density of 0% for degrees of saturation between 4 and 16% and at a relative density of 40% for degrees of saturation between 30 and 90%. General shear failure was always observed at relative densities of 70 and 90%.     

土工格栅–土体界面特性大型直剪试验研究

土工格栅与土体的界面特性直接影响了加筋土工程的安全和稳定性,土工格栅两侧为不同材料的界面特性研究还较少。采用双向土工格栅为加筋材料,对其两侧分别为不同含水率粉质黏土及不同粒径石英砂的界面特性开展一系列的大型室内直剪试验,分析法向应力、粉质黏土含水率、剪切速率、石英砂粒径及粉质黏土压实系数等因素对土工格栅–土体界面抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:土工格栅–土体界面抗剪强度与法向应力呈线性相关,符合莫尔–库仑理论;粉质黏土含水率的变化对土工格栅–土体界面抗剪强度有较大的影响,在最优含水率时其界面抗剪强度指标最高;剪切速率的大小和石英砂的粒径变化对土工格栅–土体界面的抗剪强度有一定的影响,其影响范围分别在±10%和±7%内;粉质黏土压实度的增加能有效增加界面抗剪强度,压实系数越高,其提高幅度越大。这些影响应在工程应用中适当考虑。