Efficient Adaptive-Support Association Rule Mining for Recommender Systems

Collaborative recommender systems allow personalization for e-commerce by exploiting similarities and dissimilarities among customers' preferences. We investigate the use of association rule mining as an underlying technology for collaborative recommender systems. Association rules have been used with success in other domains. However, most currently existing association rule mining algorithms were designed with market basket analysis in mind. Such algorithms are inefficient for collaborative recommendation because they mine many rules that are not relevant to a given user. Also, it is necessary to specify the minimum support of the mined rules in advance, often leading to either too many or too few rules; this negatively impacts the performance of the overall system. We describe a collaborative recommendation technique based on a new algorithm specifically designed to mine association rules for this purpose. Our algorithm does not require the minimum support to be specified in advance. Rather, a target range is given for the number of rules, and the algorithm adjusts the minimum support for each user in order to obtain a ruleset whose size is in the desired range. Rules are mined for a specific target user, reducing the time required for the mining process. We employ associations between users as well as associations between items in making recommendations. Experimental evaluation of a system based on our algorithm reveals performance that is significantly better than that of traditional correlation-based approaches.     

Hybrid Recommender Systems: Survey and Experiments

Recommender systems represent user preferences for the purpose of suggesting items to purchase or examine. They have become fundamental applications in electronic commerce and information access, providing suggestions that effectively prune large information spaces so that users are directed toward those items that best meet their needs and preferences. A variety of techniques have been proposed for performing recommendation, including content-based, collaborative, knowledge-based and other techniques. To improve performance, these methods have sometimes been combined in hybrid recommenders. This paper surveys the landscape of actual and possible hybrid recommenders, and introduces a novel hybrid, EntreeC, a system that combines knowledge-based recommendation and collaborative filtering to recommend restaurants. Further, we show that semantic ratings obtained from the knowledge-based part of the system enhance the effectiveness of collaborative filtering.     

CROC: A New Evaluation Criterion for Recommender Systems

Evaluation of a recommender system algorithm is a challenging task due to the many possible scenarios in which such systems may be deployed. We have designed a new performance plot called the CROC curve with an associated statistic: the area under the curve. Our CROC curve supplements the widely used ROC curve in recommender system evaluation by discovering performance characteristics that standard ROC evaluation often ignores. Empirical studies on two domains and including several recommender system algorithms demonstrate that combining ROC and CROC curves in evaluation can lead to a more informed characterization of performance than using either curve alone.     

基于位置的社会化网络推荐系统

近年来,基于位置的社会化网络推荐系统逐渐成为位置服务和社会网络分析的活跃课题之一.挖掘用户签到位置轨迹和社交活动数据,提取用户社会活动的地理空间特征模型及其与社会关系的关联性,设计合理的推荐算法,成为当前基于位置的社会化网络推荐系统的主要任务.该文从分析基于位置的社会化网络的结构特征人手,对基于位置的社会化网络推荐系统的基本框架、基于不同网络层次数据挖掘的推荐方法及应用类型等进行前沿概况、比较和分析.最后对有待深入研究的难点和热点进行分析和展望.     

社会化推荐系统综述

推荐系统可以帮助网民从大量纷繁的信息中找到目标信息,能有效提高网民信息检索能力,然而推荐系统存在数据稀疏性、冷启动以及系统性能方面的问题。为解决这方面的问题,提出将社交关系应用于推荐系统,该方法是提高推荐准确性的一个重要途径,在多年的科研实践中取得了重要进展,因此该研究方向也日益成为众多学者关注的领域,有关这方面的研究也越来越活跃。通过对社会化推荐系统概念进行梳理,对社会化推荐系统与传统推荐系统进行比较,回顾总结了社会化推荐系统的研究现状,希望能从研究现状中找出新规律,寻求新的突破点,并对社会化推荐系统的发展趋势进行展望,以期对后来研究者有所帮助。     

社会化推荐系统研究

近年来,社会化推荐系统已成为推荐系统研究领域较为活跃的研究方向之一.如何利用用户社会属性信息缓解推荐系统中数据稀疏性和冷启动问题、提高推荐系统的性能,成为社会化推荐系统的主要任务.对最近几年社会化推荐系统的研究进展进行综述,对信任推理算法、推荐关键技术及其应用进展进行前沿概括、比较和分析.最后,对社会化推荐系统中有待深入研究的难点、热点及发展趋势进行展望.     

协同过滤推荐系统综述

随着互联网和信息计算的飞速发展,衍生了海量数据,我们已经进入信息爆炸的时代。网络中各种信息量的指数型增长导致用户想要从大量信息中找到自己需要的信息变得越来越困难,信息过载问题日益突出。推荐系统在缓解信息过载问题中起着非常重要的作用,该方法通过研究用户的兴趣偏好进行个性化计算,由系统发现用户兴趣进而引导用户发现自己的信息需求。目前,推荐系统已经成为产业界和学术界关注、研究的热点问题,应用领域十分广泛。在电子商务、会话推荐、文章推荐、智慧医疗等多个领域都有所应用。传统的推荐算法主要包括基于内容的推荐、协同过滤推荐以及混合推荐。其中,协同过滤推荐是推荐系统中应用最广泛最成功的技术之一。该方法利用用户或物品间的相似度以及历史行为数据对目标用户进行推荐,因此存在用户冷启动和项目冷启动问题。此外,随着信息量的急剧增长,传统协同过滤推荐系统面对数据的快速增长会遇到严重的数据稀疏性问题以及可扩展性问题。为了缓解甚至解决这些问题,推荐系统研究人员进行了大量的工作。近年来,为了提高推荐效果、提升用户满意度,学者们开始关注推荐系统的多样性问题以及可解释性等问题。由于深度学习方法可以通过发现数据中用户和项目之间的非线性关系从而学习一个有效的特征表示,因此越来越受到推荐系统研究人员的关注。目前的工作主要是利用评分数据、社交网络信息以及其他领域信息等辅助信息,结合深度学习、数据挖掘等技术提高推荐效果、提升用户满意度。对此,本文首先对推荐系统以及传统推荐算法进行概述,然后重点介绍协同过滤推荐算法的相关工作。包括协同过滤推荐算法的任务、评价指标、常用数据集以及学者们在解决协同过滤算法存在的问题时所做的工作以及努力。最后提出未来的几个可研究方向。     

推荐技术在电子商务中的应用研究

本文介绍了推荐技术在电子商务中的应用研究概况,详细分析了推荐技术中常用的算法及其性能评估的指标,并对未来推荐技术在电子商务中的研究热点进行了展望。     

基于AntStream用户聚类的协同过滤推荐系统

系统规模的逐步扩大和用户兴趣的发展变化给传统协同过滤推荐系统带来了实时性减弱和准确性降低的问题。基于K—Means用户聚类的协同过滤技术虽然能在一定程度上解决这两个问题,算法本身却带有局部最优的缺陷。在保证实时性的前提下,为克服K—Means算法的缺陷,提出使用AntClass蚁群算法对用户聚类。同时提出将用户评分看作数据流,利用金字搭时间框架预处理数据,从而体现用户兴趣随时间的变化。于是,将AntClass蚁群算法和利用金字塔时间框架预处理过的数据流相结合,最终形成文中的AntStream算法。实验表明,AntStream算法不仅改善了传统协同过滤推荐系统的实时性问题,而且更大程度提高了推荐质量。     

查询推荐技术综述

本文介绍了用户搜索中查询推荐技术的相关概念、研究现状;深入分析了目前常见的推荐算法及推荐系统中的隐私保护问题;最后,归纳了查询推荐技术的研究热点。     

An Expressive Query Language for Product Recommender Systems

We argue that existing approaches to the construction of content-based Product Recommender Systems (Filter-Based Retrieval and Similarity-Based Retrieval) use inadequately expressive query languages. We introduce a new approach, which we call Order-Based Retrieval. We define and exemplify the six operators that constitute its query language. We show how these operators can better support the elicitation of both the customer's initial requirements and refinements to the initial requirements.     

协同过滤推荐系统中数据稀疏问题的解决

介绍了现有协同过滤推荐的几种主要算法.它们对数据稀疏性问题都有一定的缓和作用.通过在数据集MovieLens上的实验,分析了各个算法在不同稀疏度下的推荐质量,为针对不同数据稀疏度的系统实现提供了可靠依据.     

一种基于协同过滤技术的在线交友推荐系统的设计与实现

为了满足年轻人在交友择偶方面需求,越来越多的征友网站应运而生.随着网站用户不断增加,根据用户提交的交友要求来进行推荐,往往结果数以千计或万计,要从这里面发现用户感兴趣的对象变得非常困难,我们将协同过滤算法引入交友推荐系统,并设计了一个个性化相似项目的协同过滤算法,根据用户的兴趣进行项目最近邻居查找,大大提高了用户对搜索结果的满意度.     

Securing Recommender Systems Against Shilling Attacks Using Social-Based Clustering

Recommender systems (RS) have been found supportive and practical in e-commerce and been established as useful aiding services. Despite their great adoption in the user communities, RS are still vulnerable to unscrupulous producers who try to promote their products by shilling the systems. With the advent of social networks new sources of information have been made available which can potentially render RS more resistant to attacks. In this paper we explore the information provided in the form of social links with clustering for diminishing the impact of attacks. We propose two algorithms, CluTr and WCluTr, to combine clustering with "trust" among users. We demonstrate that CluTr and WCluTr enhance the robustness of RS by experimentally evaluating them on data from a public consumer recommender system Epinions.com.     

客户关系管理及数据挖掘在其中的应用研究

介绍了客户关系管理及数据挖掘的基本概念,针对企业在客户关系管理中难以从海量数据中抽取有价值信息的问题,分析了数据挖掘技术在客户关系管理的一些领域中的应用。     

采用数据挖掘的自动化推荐技术的研究

随着网络的迅速发展,各种数据量变得庞大且分散,利用关键词检索数据的传统方式变得相当费时。为了减少用户在网络上的搜寻时间,提供用户更确切的内容信息,自动化推荐系统(Automatic Recommender System)应运而生。该研究将人工神经网络中的自适应共振理论(Adaptive Resonance Theory,ART)和数据挖掘技术结合起来,建构了一个可自动聚类族群特征且能挖掘出关联规则的自动化在线推荐机制。同时将用于用户聚类的ART算法进行了改进,提出了MART聚类算法,使由推荐系统得出的结果变得更加合理和灵活。     

一种基于协同过滤技术的在线交友推荐系统的设计与实现

为了满足年轻人在交友择偶方面需求,越来越多的征友网站应运而生。随着网站用户不断增加,根据用户提交的交友要求来进行推荐,往往结果数以千计或万计,要从这里面发现用户感兴趣的对象变得非常困难,我们将协同过滤算法引入交友推荐系统,并设计了一个个性化相似项目的协同过滤算法,根据用户的兴趣进行项目最近邻居查找,大大提高了用户对搜索结果的满意度。     

基于隐私保护的联邦推荐算法综述

推荐系统通过集中式的存储与训练用户对物品的海量行为信息以及内容特征, 旨在为用户提供个性化的信息服务与决策支持. 然而, 海量数据背后存在大量的用户个人信息以及敏感数据, 因此如何在保证用户隐私与数据安全的前提下分析用户行为模式成为了近年来研究的热点. 联邦学习作为新兴的隐私保护范式, 能够协调多个参与方通过模型参数或者梯度等信息共同学习无损的全局共享模型, 同时保证所有的原始数据保存在用户的终端设备, 较之于传统的集中式存储与训练模式, 实现了从根源上保护用户隐私的目的, 因此得到了众多推荐系统领域研究学者们的广泛关注. 基于此, 对近年来基于联邦学习范式的隐私保护推荐算法进行全面综述、系统分类与深度分析. 具体的, 首先综述经典的推荐算法以及所面临的问题, 然后介绍基于隐私保护的推荐系统与目前存在的挑战, 随后从多个维度综述结合联邦学习技术的推荐算法, 最后对该方向做出系统性的总结并对未来研究方向与发展趋势进行展望.     

Recommender Systems Research: A Connection-Centric Survey

Recommender systems attempt to reduce information overload and retain customers by selecting a subset of items from a universal set based on user preferences. While research in recommender systems grew out of information retrieval and filtering, the topic has steadily advanced into a legitimate and challenging research area of its own. Recommender systems have traditionally been studied from a content-based filtering vs. collaborative design perspective. Recommendations, however, are not delivered within a vacuum, but rather cast within an informal community of users and social context. Therefore, ultimately all recommender systems make connections among people and thus should be surveyed from such a perspective. This viewpoint is under-emphasized in the recommender systems literature. We therefore take a connection-oriented perspective toward recommender systems research. We posit that recommendation has an inherently social element and is ultimately intended to connect people either directly as a result of explicit user modeling or indirectly through the discovery of relationships implicit in extant data. Thus, recommender systems are characterized by how they model users to bring people together: explicitly or implicitly. Finally, user modeling and the connection-centric viewpoint raise broadening and social issues—such as evaluation, targeting, and privacy and trust—which we also briefly address.     

基于GEP-RBF的协同过滤数据稀疏性问题研究

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法的数据稀疏性问题,提出了基于GEP-RBF的协同过滤推荐算法.该算法对目标用户偏好的分类范畴进行了分析,构建了局部用户-项目评分矩阵,同时利用GEP优化RBF神经网络,预测局部用户-项目评分矩阵的缺失评分,平滑评分矩阵,并给出了用户评分项目交集阈值修正相似度的方法,提高用户相似度计算的准确性.实验结果表明,该算法能有效地缓解数据稀疏性问题,从而提高了协同过滤推荐系统的推荐质量.