Phased-only sampled fiber Bragg gratings for high-channel-count chromatic dispersion compensation

Binary and multilevel phase-only sampling functions are proposed for the sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with high channel count, which require significantly less refractive-index modulation than that does the sampled grating with amplitude sampling. The design using the new simulated quenching optimization with temperature rescaling results in high channel uniformity and minimum energy in the out-of-band channels. The technique can be applied to the sampled FBGs with very high channel count. A five-channel nonlinearly chirped multilevel phase-only sampled FBG for tunable chromatic dispersion compensation is demonstrated.     

基于FBG的多级延迟SBS结构的慢光系统研究

设计一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的多级延迟受激布里渊散射(SBS)结构的慢光系统.实验中采用2个FBG和一段15 km标准单模光纤(SSMF),利用光栅不同的反射特性,使信号光和泵浦光可重复通过同一段光纤相互作用,在仅使用一段光纤情况下达到双级时延的效果,并且FBG对信号光同样具有一定的延迟.实验结果表明,在展宽S...     

光纤Bragg光栅滤波响应的轴向分布特性研究

为揭示光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）的局部滤波特征,研究和分析了滤波响应沿光栅轴向的空间分布规律。从均匀、切趾和啁啾型等基本光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）类型出发,分析了反射带滤波光场沿轴向的分布规律。结果表明,均匀型FBG中,光场反射多集中在前1/2个光栅长度内,呈现非对称性;切趾型FBG中,光场反射在光栅长度内的均匀性...     

Photodarkening and photobleaching in fiber optic Bragg gratings

A photobleaching effect is reported which reduces the broadband losses induced by the single-pulse writing of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). A primary application of the optical FBG reflector is as arrays of wavelength-encoded sensing elements for detecting mechanical strain. Instrumentation is being developed to interrogate >100 point sensors along a single fiber with FBGs and detectors operating in the 790-820 nm band. In this paper, we describe broadband absorptions induced by writing single-pulse FBGs which would impose a 10 dB power penalty with as few as 40 serialized FBGs. We have reduced these photo-induced losses more than seven-fold (measured near 800 nm) using a photobleaching process which minimally affects the FBG's reflectivities. After treatment, optical losses are sufficiently low to allow the interrogation of hundreds of FBGs along a single fiber. Photodarkening and photobleaching are measured in gratings prepared by single laser pulses, and by multiple pulses with and without hydrogen loading. Parasitic loss following photobleaching is lower for single-pulse FBGs operated near 800 nm than for FBGs written with multiple pulses in hydrogen loaded fibers and operated near 1300 nm     

一种重构多信道布拉格光栅的混杂算法

由于光纤光敏性的限制,当信道数N变得很大时,采用幅度取样方式制作多信道光栅将变得非常困难.通过相位取样来制作多信道光栅被证明是一种能有效降低峰值折变量的方法.提出一种采用逆散射技术和优化策略的混杂算法有效地设计多信道光栅.由遗传算法进行优化,得到每一个信道相应的相位因子的最优值,改进了多信道光栅复杂的反射谱.再由Layer-peeling算法为依据引入了相位因子后的频谱响应重构光栅.通过对信道间相对相位的优化,制作这种多信道光栅所需的峰值折变量降低为单信道光栅的√N倍.经过数值仿真,得到8信道光栅的峰值折变量大约为单信道光栅的√8倍.     

光码分多址系统可调谐编/解码器研究

介绍了光码分多址(OCDMA)系统和常用的几种编/解码器(E/D).研究了基于光纤延时线(OFDL)和基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBGs)的可调谐编/解码器,讨论了两种基于光纤延时线的可调方案,对它们的结构和性能进行了分析.讨论了基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBGs)的编/解码器,介绍了光纤布拉格光栅编/解码器的原理和利用压电陶瓷(PZT)调谐光纤布拉格光栅的参数选择.给出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅阵列的可调谐二维编/解码器结构,并分析了它的主要优点.介绍了基于超结构光纤布拉格光栅(SSFBG)的二进制相移键控(BPSK)编/解码器和可调谐四进制相移键控(QPSK)超结构光纤布拉格光栅编/解码器的构造方法,探讨了光码分多址系统编/解码器的发展前景.     

DS-OCDMA encoder/decoder performance analysis using optical low-coherence reflectometry

Direct-sequence optical code-division multiple-access (DS-OCDMA) encoder/decoder based on sampled fiber Bragg gratings (S-FBGs) is characterized using phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR). The OLCR technique allows localized measurements of FBG wavelength and physical length inside one S-FBG. This paper shows how the discrepancies between specifications and measurements of the different FBGs have some impact on spectral and temporal pulse responses of the OCDMA encoder/decoder. The FBG physical lengths lower than the specified ones are shown to affect the mean optical power reflected by the OCDMA encoder/decoder. The FBG wavelengths that are detuned from each other induce some modulations of S-FBG reflectivity resulting in encoder/decoder sensitivity to laser wavelength drift of the OCDMA system. Finally, highlighted by this OLCR study, some solutions to overcome limitations in performance with the S-FBG technology are suggested.     

A study of green wavelength-division multiplexed optical communication systems using cascaded fiber bragg grating

This paper studies the performance analysis of wavelength-division multiplexed optical communication systems (WDM). First, flat-gain erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are seriously needed to obtain proper and equal amplification of all channels. Such amplifiers can be designed by intrinsically modifying the host material or extrinsically using proper filters. In this research, we benefit from both the intrinsic and extrinsic methods to achieve sharp flat EDFA output gain using cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Second, the performance of our technique has been evaluated through calculating the bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a WDM system embedded with the reported EDFA flattening system. The parametric simulations of the FWHM of FBGs, SNR, optical power and the transmission distance have shown a noticeable improved performance. Sending data via an optical WDM system will be proven from comprehensive simulations to achieve high quality signal transmission spectrums, increased transmission distances and low power consumption. By extension, the reported design using cascaded FBGs can also be generalized to equalize the gain of any arbitrary profile.     

Amplitude/Timing Jitter and Peak-to-Peak Variation Optimal Rate Multipliers

We present the design and performance validation of jitter and peak-to-peak variation optimal rate multipliers based on finite-impulse-response optical interferometers. To this end, we show that uniform impulse response interferometers yield minimum jitter and peak-to-peak variation for most practical cases. We also discuss the realization of optimal interferometers with sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), and show by means of numerical simulations that the jitter and peak-to-peak variation performance of the designed FBGs is in close agreement with the theory.     

Generation of customized ultrahigh repetition rate pulse sequences using superimposed fiber Bragg gratings

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of superimposed fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as amplitude or phase filtering stages for generating ultrahigh-repetition-rate optical pulse bursts from a single ultrashort pulse. This approach offers the advantages of a compact all-fiber solution and provides high flexibility in tailoring the temporal features of the generated pulse sequence, namely, the repetition rate, as well as the shape and duration of both the individual pulses and the temporal envelope of the burst. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, we generate near-flat-topped optical pulse bursts with repetition rates as high as /spl ap/170 GHz at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m using uniform and linearly chirped superimposed FBGs. We show that superimposed linearly chirped FBGs are more energetically efficient and provide increased design flexibility than superimposed uniform FBGs. Our experimental results also show the robustness of the technique to imperfections in the grating structures and to variations in the input pulse quality.     

FBG-based bidirectional optical cross connects for bidirectional WDM ring networks

This paper proposes a new bidirectional optical cross connect (BOXC) using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and optical circulators for bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexing ring networks. Dynamic and independent wavelength routing is achieved by employing cascaded tunable FBGs. The proposed BOXC requires a small tuning range equal to wavelength channel spacing for tunable FBGs. Therefore, the wavelength count of the proposed BOXC could be increased easily without imposing constraint on the tuning range of FBGs. Coherent and incoherent crosstalk arising in the proposed BOXC and their impact on the power penalty are studied in detail. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to characterize the probability distribution of the power penalty due to both coherent and incoherent crosstalk under various conditions. The specification requirements are then obtained for the FBGs used in BOXC nodes with a different number of wavelengths. The study in this paper reveals that the requirement for the isolation of FBGs is more stringent than that for the reflectivity of FBGs at the Bragg wavelength. It is also shown that a large BOXC can be built based on the Benes network structure, and a method to reduce the complexity is also presented.     

Efficient technique for increasing the channel density in multiwavelength sampled fiber Bragg grating filters

We introduce a new class of high channel count multiwavelength comb filters based on sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Our approach exploits the spectral fractional Talbot effect in sampled chirped FBGs (S-CFBGs). For specific conditions between the grating chirp and sampling period, the channel spacing can be reduced compared to the value obtained using conventional sampling techniques. In this way, the channel density can be multiplied without needing to increase the sampling period. Moreover, despite the fact that the grating is chirped, operating under the spectral Talbot regime ensures that the resultant in-band group delay characteristics are similar to those of a sampled uniform period FBG.     

基于光纤光栅的温度不敏感光学麦克风

研制了一种基于光纤光栅的温度不敏感型光学麦克风。该麦克风由振膜传感声波信号,由一对匹配光栅来实现波长调制解调的功能,同时匹配光栅还可作为温度补偿的装置。从理论上解释了匹配光栅温度补偿的原理。实验证明,这种光学麦克风不仅能够获得稳定的传声效果,而且表现出较宽的频率响应范围(400~2 100Hz)和平坦程度,并且静态输出光功率随外界温度变化仅为0.0233 dBm/℃,表现出对温度的不敏感性。     

A New Idea and Technique of Fiber Gratings and Photodetectors in Broad-band Fiber Communication Systems

Contents of this thesis are supported by the National Natural Foudation of China under Contract No.69625101, and the item is named "Tunable Optical Technology in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)" and is under charge of Professor Ren Xiaomin. They are also supported by subject 307 in National Program "863": i.e., RCE photodetectors (PDs) used in Wavelength Division Multiplexing. Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) have emerged as important optical fiber passive components in a variet…     

Tunable Photonic Microwave Bandpass Filter With Negative Coefficients Implemented Using an Optical Phase Modulator and Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

A continuously tunable photonic microwave bandpass filter with positive and negative coefficients implemented using an optical phase modulator and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The positive and negative coefficients are generated through optical phase-modulation to intensity-modulation conversion by reflecting the phase-modulated optical carrier from linearly chirped FBGs (LCFBGs) with positive and negative dispersions. The tunability of the filter is realized by changing the wavelength of the optical carrier such that it is reflected at different physical locations in the LCFBGs. A two-tap microwave bandpass filter with a free spectral range tunable from 1.14 to 4.55 GHz is experimentally demonstrated.     

用光功率计测量应力变化

主要用实验数据简要叙述光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)的反射谱功率与应力的变化成线性关系,并介绍一种用光功率计测量应力变化的装置,它能够通过测量FBG的反射谱功率较准确地测出应力。     

光纤光栅传感器阵列化与温度补偿研究

利用啁啾光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）反射和长周期FBG边沿滤波，提出并实现了一种综合的FBG传感快速解调方案。封装1对FBG进行应变差动传感、同时消除温度影响，不增加波长资源占用并使应变灵敏度得到有效提高，温度影响在很大范围内几乎为0。在全光纤化解调温度补偿型传感的基础上，研究了两路时分复用的设计方法，给出了时分链路间延迟光纤与光脉冲和解调端时分选通门的关系，实验结果与理论分析吻合。     

基于可调谐激光器的复用传感系统的研究

为了克服复用传感系统中光源带宽及功率的制约,有效地扩大多点检测的范围,采用波分和时分复用传感技术,设计了可调谐光纤激光器作为传感系统的光源.基于耦合模方程的理论,对匹配光栅调谐光纤激光器波长扫描寻址解调方法进行了理论分析和实验研究.实验中采用可调谐光纤激光器对由4个光栅组成的两个光栅串成功地进行了波分和时分复用传感,实验获得的应变分辨率为2.9με/step.该传感系统具有经济实用性、信噪比高、可复用数目大等特点,对于多点检测的传感网络具有较大的实用价值.     

基于全相位遍历机制的FBG谱线识别系统

提出一种基于全相位遍历机制FIR滤波技术实现光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）波长信息精确提取方案。系统在数字时钟控制下产生锯齿波电压对可调谐Fabry-Perot（FP）滤波器进行扫描,结合虚拟仪器（Ⅵ）技术,数据采集卡在同步时钟控制下实时读取FBG波长数据,并利用Matlab对采集的数据进行离线全相位滤波处理。实验结果表...     

Design and Fabrication of Fiber Bragg Gratings With V-Shaped Dispersion Profile

We propose a new type of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a V-shaped dispersion profile. We demonstrate that such V-shaped FBGs bring advantages in manipulation of optical signals compared to conventional FBGs with a constant dispersion, e.g., they can produce larger chirp for the same input pulsewidth and/or can be used as pulse shapers. Application of the proposed V-shaped FBGs for signal prechirping in fiber transmission is examined. The proposed design of the V-shaped FBG can be easily extended to embrace multichannel devices