聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛胶粘剂的研究进展

综述了聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛胶的制备原理和制备方法,并主要讨论了聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛在国内外的应用进展情况。     

环保型聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛胶的制备研究

探讨了聚乙烯醇(PVA)、盐酸、丁烯醛以及反应温度对聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛水溶液粘度及强度的影响;并探讨了低残余醛水溶液制备的两类工艺方法,从而获得环保型聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛胶。     

低残余醛的聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛水溶液

主要介绍了聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛的制备及后处理过程,使它达到游离醛低含量的环保要求,另外初步探讨了以该水溶液为保护胶体合成白乳胶的研究,进而拓展了聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛的应用领域。     

醇溶型聚乙烯醇缩混合醛（丁烯醛和乙醛）的制备

在温度不高于60℃下,以聚乙烯醇为主要原料,乙醛和丁烯醛为缩醛化试剂,当聚乙烯醇的缩醛度达到50．8％以上时,缩醛化产物就可以在乙醇溶剂中溶胀溶解形成均一溶液。该醇溶型聚乙烯醇缩混合醛胶达到最大粘接强度仅需6h,比水溶性胶粘剂的干燥时间缩短18h,并且其耐水性明显高于水溶性的聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛胶。通过对薄膜的红外分析,可以看出过硫酸钾,可以打开缩醛化产物的碳碳不饱和双键,也使薄膜变脆。     

低残余醛的聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛的制备与应用

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丁烯醛为主要原料,合成了聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛(PVBE)。讨论了反应时间、丁烯醛用量、HCl含量和PVA浓度等因素对PVBE黏度的影响。结果表明:200 mL PVA(质量浓度大于5%)溶液中加入0.75～1.5 mL的HCl,当丁烯醛用量(ρ)在0.15～0.25之间,通过调节以上因素,室温反应120～216 h可制得适宜黏度的PVBE水溶液;同时介绍了PVBE中去除残余醛的两种方法;最后研究了低残余醛PVBE作为增稠剂、保护胶体在聚醋酸乙烯(PVAc)乳液中的应用。     

聚乙烯醇缩丁烯醛胶粘剂的改性研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丁烯醛为主要原料、盐酸(HCl)为催化剂和乙醛为改性剂,制备聚乙烯醇缩混合醛胶粘剂。采用单因素试验法探讨了各因素对胶粘剂的黏度、粘接强度和耐水性等影响。结果表明:当反应温度为(90±2)℃、反应时间为4 h、8%PVA溶液为200 mL、HCl为1 mL、丁烯醛为1.0～1.5 mL和乙醛为4 mL时,缩醛化产物的黏度适中、粘接强度相对最大(4.5 MPa)且耐水性相对较好;在其他条件保持不变的前提下,通过改变丁烯醛用量,可以进一步调节体系的最终黏度,使之满足木材用胶粘剂的使用要求。     

低醛耐寒改性聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶粘剂的研制

通过对传统工艺聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶的改进,制得游离醛含量低、耐寒抗冻、初粘力强的改性聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶。     

Poly(vinyl alcohol) functionalization with aldehydes in organic solvents: Shining properties of poly(vinyl acetals)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) has been functionalized with aldehydes in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a good control of the grafting. A wide library of poly(vinyl acetals) could be obtained in order to study some structure/property correlations. The influence of the aldehyde nature on the functionalization rates has been studied, in particular for optical properties by measurement of the shininess for further applications in the cosmetic field. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40677.     

聚乙烯醇改性固体淀粉胶粘剂的研制

介绍新型固体淀粉胶的制备方法。以淀粉为主要原料，经加热催化分步氧化，再加入聚乙烯醇合成树脂改善其性能，然后用硬脂酸钠作为赋型剂。制得的淀粉胶剪切强度比泡花碱高0.01MPa。     

热塑性聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯共混研究进展

综述了热塑性聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯共混改性研究进展，重点介绍了热塑性聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯共混物的相容性、共混方式、热塑性聚氨酯的类型和组分、助剂和第三组分聚合物等对共混物性能的影响及其应用。     

聚羟基烷酸酯改性聚氯乙烯的研究

通过熔融共混的方法分别制备了聚氯乙烯/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯/聚羟基烷酸酯（PVC/DOP/PHA）和PVC/PHA共混物。研究了PHA逐步代替DOP对共混物力学性能和熔体流动性能的影响规律,利用扫描电子显微镜对所制备的试样进行微观结构分析。结果表明,随着共混体系中PHA用量的增加和DOP的等量减少,与PVC/DOP共混物相比,PVC/DOP/PHA共混物的拉伸强度由21 MPa提高至42 MPa,断裂伸长率先增加而后降低,在PHA含量为10.7 %(质量分数,下同)时出现极大值(350 %);在PVC/PHA体系中,PHA含量增加,PVC/PHA共混物的力学性能及熔体流动速率都显著提高,说明PHA可以作为PVC的一种有效的绿色增塑剂和增韧剂。     

Investigation of the Influence of Fillers on the Properties of Poly(vinyl acetate) Adhesives

The properties of poly(vinyl acetate) compositions prepared as potential wood adhesives were investigated. The paper presents the results of the influence of various kinds of inorganic fillers based on calcium carbonate and alumino-silicate and an organic filler, starch, on the adhesive composition properties. The comparison among rheological behavior of the adhesive dispersions concerning the specific role of fillers were made. Mechanical and relaxation properties of the adhesive films could reveal the effect of filler characteristics on the polymer matrix. The significant influences of particle size distribution and specific surface area on the poly(vinyl acetate) adhesive composition were determined, along with other filler characteristics.     

Investigation of the Influence of Fillers on the Properties of Poly(vinyl acetate) Adhesives

The properties of poly(vinyl acetate) compositions prepared as potential wood adhesives were investigated. The paper presents the results of the influence of various kinds of inorganic fillers based on calcium carbonate and alumino-silicate and an organic filler, starch, on the adhesive composition properties. The comparison among rheological behavior of the adhesive dispersions concerning the specific role of fillers were made. Mechanical and relaxation properties of the adhesive films could reveal the effect of filler characteristics on the polymer matrix. The significant influences of particle size distribution and specific surface area on the poly(vinyl acetate) adhesive composition were determined, along with other filler characteristics.     

Solvent-free generation of poly(vinyl acetals) directly from poly(vinyl acetate)

The simultaneous methanolysis and butryalization of poly(vinyl acetate) was conducted via the reaction of methanol and butyraldehyde with polyvinyl acetate under batch conditions at temperatures from 70°C to 90°C at the vapor pressure of the reactants. It was found that use of an acid catalyst allowed for the methanolysis to be the rate limiting step of a simultaneous methanolysis-butyralization reaction, minimizing the buildup of alcohol repeat units in the polymer during the reaction. As such, use of an excess of aldehyde was counterproductive in that it served to dilute both the methanol and the acetate groups in the polymer phase, lowering the overall rate of the reaction. With 20% stoichiometric excesses of methanol and butyraldehyde, it was possible to produce poly(vinyl butyral) directly from poly(vinyl acetate) with very low residual acetate and overall conversions equivalent to commerical samples. Further, carbon dioxide was evaluated as a reversible plasticizer for polyvinyl acetate during methanolysis. Results at various pressures were consistent with the expectation that the presence of CO₂ would lower the reaction rate, primarily because of dilution of reactants in the CO₂-swollen polymer phase. Finally, it was shown that the simultaneous reaction procedure can be used to generate polyvinyl acetals from a variety of aldehydes.     

聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料的研究进展

概述了聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVFM）泡沫塑料的发展现状、性能、制备方法,并详细讨论了聚乙烯醇种类、水的用量、甲醛的用量、酸的用量等工艺条件对PVFM泡沫塑料性能的影响。同时,还介绍了PVFM泡沫塑料的发泡成型方法,包括发泡剂起泡法、机械打泡法和成孔剂发泡法。最后,指出PVFM泡沫塑料目前主要应用领域为清洁和美容材料、过滤和消声材料、功能医用材料、环保和生物载体材料以及可降解复合天然高分子材料。     

聚乙烯醇降解特性研究

采用凝胶色谱法（GPC）和紫外分光光度法（UV）研究了聚乙烯醇（PVA）微生物降解和化学氧化降解效果。GPC实验表明，PVA经过本实验室筛选的微生物菌株降解后，保留9min左右产生了一个小相对分子质量的峰，其峰面积约占总面积的一半；UV实验也表明了PVA在降解菌株的作用下，其浓度呈下降趋势；采用Fenton试剂（FR）对PVA进行预先氧化处理，然后再进行微生物降解。结果表明FR预处理有利于PVA的快速有效降解。