浅谈面粉的品质改良及其安全性

1面粉品质改良的意义 面粉是面食品的基本原料,面粉品质改良的特殊效果是小麦育种、配麦和配粉等措施难以达到的.所以,为了满足消费者对面粉品质的要求,必须对面粉进行品质改良. 通过面粉品质改良能够有效提高面粉品质及面食品质量,所以对面粉品质进行改良是非常有意义的. 现在俗称的面粉品质改良剂是一个笼统的概念,实际上改良剂应该分为两类:一类是面粉厂使用的,用来改良面粉品质的,叫面粉品质改良剂,如过氧化苯甲酰、氯气、营养强化剂等;另一类是面食品厂使用的,叫面团改良剂,如乳化剂、酶制剂等.现在统称面粉品质改良剂.     

乳化剂对面粉品质的稳定性研究

通过对乳化剂作用机理的分析，阐述乳化剂通过与蛋白质、淀粉、脂类物质的连接来稳定面粉品质，以及乳化剂在面制食品的制作过程中，通过提高对工艺的适应性和对辅料变化的耐受力，在客观上起到稳定面粉品质的作用，同时对乳化剂和酶制剂在稳定面粉品质方面的协同增效作用进行了简要的讨论，     

面粉组分与馒头品质的相关性

分析面粉各成分对馒头品质的影响,通过不同面粉的流变性指标测定和对应所制馒头评分得出馒头面团是平衡性面团,弹性和延展性要适度,精确科学地配麦配粉使面粉的品质指标控制在适宜的范围内.用这样的专用粉生产出的馒头品质稳定、效果好.     

某400 t/d粉厂配粉系统工艺浅析

面粉质量的均衡与稳定是现代化面粉企业大生产的最基本要求,由配麦加工到设置配粉仓配粉出厂,是现代化面粉厂特点之一,而完善的面粉后处理系统则是实现面粉质量均衡与稳定的重要保证.地处西北地区的一家生产能力为400t/d的民营面粉加工企业,拥有一条比较完善的面粉后处理系统,其规模、工艺与装备在西北五省(区)的同行业中均属一流,现对其作一简介与分析.     

硬脂酰乳酸钠对面粉烘焙品质影响效果的验证实验

添加0.2%乳化剂硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)的面粉,选择有代表性的面制品(馒头、面条及面包),进行蒸煮实验或烘焙实验,研究其对面粉烘焙品质的影响。结果表明,添加SSL的面粉所制烘焙食品感官指标都有很大程度改善。SSL适宜作面粉改良剂,可以提高产品的加工性能和食用品质。     

硬脂酰乳酸钠对面粉品质特性及馒头品质的影响

借助于面团粉质仪、拉伸仪、糊化粘度仪等现代分析仪器，测定了添加乳化剂硬脂酰乳酸钠(sodium stearoy1-2-lactylate，SSL)的黑龙江省讷河产富硒面粉的品质特性。通过面团特性分析，其各特性改善程度基本与添加剂的使用量呈线性增长。添加SSL的面粉所蒸馒头的各项感官指标都有很大程度改善。研究结果表明，SSL适宜作面粉改良剂，可以提高面团的加工性能和食用品质。本文旨在为SSL的推广使用提供必要的理论指导。     

大豆渣粒径对面粉品质的影响研究

研究了大豆渣粒径对面粉品质的影响.结果发现:降低大豆渣粒径能够延长面粉的稳定时间,减小面粉的弱化度,增加面团的拉伸阻力及延伸度、湿面筋含量、面粉白度和面粉降落数值.因此,应根据具体食品,选择不同粒径的大豆渣及其添加量.     

苹果果胶对面粉品质的影响研究

以面粉为主要原料,添加苹果果胶,考察不同果胶添加量对面粉品质的影响。结果表明:苹果果胶在添加量小于1.2%时,对面粉的粉质指标、面团拉伸指标、面粉降落数值有显著(P0.05)的影响。面粉吸水率随苹果果胶添加量的增加而增加,产品出品率提高,面团形成时间延长,但面团稳定时间降低;面团拉伸面积、延伸度下降,拉伸阻力、降落数值上升,对面粉湿面筋含量和面粉白度无显著影响。     

酶制剂对国产面粉烘培品质的影响

主要研究4种酶制剂对国产面粉烘焙品质的影响.研究结果:国产面粉通过添加酶,使其烘焙品质有了明显改善,制作的面包比容、弹性、黏聚性增加;硬度和咀嚼度降低,经改良的国产面粉能制作出高品质面包.     

石磨小麦粉馒头工艺与品质研究

通过对石磨小麦粉馒头加工艺与品质研究,可知石磨面粉能提高馒头的营养价值,而且对馒头品质的影响最大,通过正交实验可以得出石磨面粉添加量15％、酵母添加量0．6％、加水量45％时蒸制出的馒头品质最佳。     

EFFECT OF EMULSIFIERS AND FUNGAL α-AMYLASE ON RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT DOUGH AND QUALITY OF FLAT BREAD

Teftoon, a flat bread made of whole wheat flour, is prepared by hand sheeting of dough, followed by baking. Different emulsifiers, like lecithin, E471 (distilled monoglyceride) and E472 (diacetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and digelycerid of fatty acids), were added to the flour at various levels ranging between 0.25 and 1.0% w/w, and it was observed that they improved the dough characteristics. Improvement in bread quality parameters, such as force to tear and sensory acceptability, were monitored. Fungal α -amylase was also incorporated into the flour at 5–20 g/100 kg flour basis alone and in combination with the emulsifier. The force required to tear the fresh bread was decreased with emulsifier and enzyme addition; however, E472 addition at 0.75% w/w of whole wheat flour gave the softest bread. The tear force of stored bread significantly increased with storage; however, bread containing E472 showed a less increase in tear force up to a period of 3 days. The sensory acceptability was found to be higher than that of the control bread for emulsifiers, and lower for enzyme at a concentration higher than 10 g/kg flour.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Flat bread is normally consumed fresh, but the staling phenomenon starts immediately after baking this kind of bread. Today, large-scale production and increased consumer demands for high-quality bread with long shelf life have created the need for functional food additives such as emulsifiers and α -amylase enzyme. Incorporation of emulsifiers and enzyme decreased the hardness of Taftoon bread. Emulsifiers and α -amylase enzyme enhanced the flat bread dough quality. The sensory acceptability also improved with the addition of emulsifiers. Optimizing the amount of emulsifiers and enzyme required for reduction of bread hardness is vital because the quality and price of the final product depend on this parameter.     

不同全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头品质的影响研究

目的 探讨不同全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头品质影响的变化规律.方法 采用不同比例全麦粉(0、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％、100％)替代小麦粉,测定了混合粉的湿面筋含量和流变学特性,对比新鲜馒头,评价全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头外观、质构和感官品质的影响.结果 随全麦粉替代率增加,面团湿面...     

中性木聚糖酶在面包制作中的应用

通过探讨不同浓度的中性木聚糖酶对面粉粉质、面包焙烤品质以及面包贮存过程中老化程度的影响 ,研究中性木聚糖酶作为焙烤添加剂的可行性。结果表明 ,中性木聚糖酶能显著地改善面粉的粉质 ,当添加量为 0 3mL/kg(面粉 )时 ,面团的形成时间可减少 5 0 %左右 ;能有效地改善面包焙烤品质 ,明显地增加面包的体积和比容 ,同时可以改善面包心的弹性和硬度 ,减小面包皮的硬度 ;酶添加范围为 0 0 5～ 0 48mL/kg(面粉 ) ,能增加面包的抗老化作用 ,贮藏 7d后 ,面包的硬度和弹性没有明显变化 ,延长了货架期     

不同比例全麦粉全麦面包的感官品质和稳糖效果比较

以不同全麦粉比例（50%、70%、90%、100%）的全麦面包为原料，通过分析不同全麦面包的色度和基本成分，并进行感官评价、人体血糖测试试验，研究不同比例全麦粉全麦面包感官品质和稳糖效果的变化。结果表明：随着全麦粉比例增加，不同全麦面包面包芯的颜色变深，4种全麦面包总体评分在76.57~83.29，都在消费者可接受范围内。以不同全麦粉比例（50%、70%、90%、100%）的全麦面包膳食纤维含量在相比于全麦粉比例为50%、70%的全麦面包，全麦粉比例为90%、100%的全麦面包膳食纤维含量显著增加（P<0.05），直链淀粉含量显著降低（P<0.05）。人体血糖值测试研究表明：不同全麦粉比例全麦面包血糖指数（Glycemic Index，GI）值分别为70.28、64.76、45.47、43.43，其中全麦比例为50%的全麦面包为高GI食品，全麦比例为70%的全麦面包为中GI食品，全麦比例为90%、100%的全麦面包为低GI食品。综上所述，相比于全麦粉比例为50%、70%的全麦面包，全麦粉比例为90%、100%的全麦面包面包品质和稳糖效果较好。该结果为轻食系列产品提供理论参考。     

Effect of Barley Flour on Quality of Balady Bread

Balady bread was prepared from barley flour (Rum and ACSAD 176 flour) with local wheat flour (Unified and Zero flour). Chemical, physical, and sensory analysis of the bread was performed. The results showed that there were variations in physical and chemical properties, between different barley varieties, barley flour, and the bread. This study showed that barley flour can be mixed with wheat flour to provide Balady bread that is acceptable to the consumer by 15 and 30%. Additional portions of barley flour resulted in harder bread, darker color, non uniform-shaped loaf, and unacceptable quality for the consumer. The results also showed a better quality of unified wheat flour compared to Zero wheat flour, which was mixed with barley flours; Rum and ACSAD 176 produced a better overall bread quality that was acceptable to the consumers.     

脱脂大豆粉对小麦粉及馒头品质影响研究

将脱脂大豆粉添加到小麦粉中,研究其对小麦粉理化特性和馒头制作品质的影响。研究结果表明,在小麦粉中添加低于2%的脱脂大豆粉时,可以明显地改善小麦粉的品质,具体体现在可以增加面粉的白度,增加面团的吸水量、稳定时间以及拉伸曲线面积和拉伸比数,还可以改善馒头的品质;当在小麦粉中添加高于2%的脱脂大豆粉时,其对面粉的品质具有不好的影响,具体体现在降低小麦粉的白度以及面团的筋力,对馒头的品质也具有不良的影响,表现为馒头体积变小,颜色发暗。     

The anti-staling effect of pre-gelatinized flour and emulsifier in gluten-free bread

The use of gluten-free products is increasing since an increasing number of people (1–2 %) are suffering from Celiac disease and thereby need a gluten-free diet. Gluten-free bread tends to have shorter shelf life and quality compared with white wheat bread. In this study, 3 % (flour basis) of pre-gelatinized oat and barley flour as well as an emulsifier were added to a gluten-free mix to increase the water content by 1.5–2 %, affect the starch retrogradation and the formation of amylose lipid complex. The staling was followed measuring the firmness (texture analyzer), water content and distribution (nuclear magnetic resonance), amylopectin retrogradation and the formation of amylose–lipid complex (differential scanning calorimetry) in order to see the impact of both macroscopic and molecular changes on firmness. Both gluten-free bread and a white wheat bread were used as control loaves. Largest specific volume was found in the gluten-free control. The firmness varied with both the specific volume and the point of measurement. The amount of retrograded amylopectin increased the firmness, although this effect was dependent on the type of bread, in terms of distribution and availability of the water within the system. The proton relaxation time, which was representing movable water, decreased during storage and revealed that both the amylopectin retrogradation and the lipid complex formation were affecting the rigidity of the amorphous domain and not only the crystalline regions. In contrast to the other recipes, the use of emulsifier caused limited retrogradation and a low correlation between the texture properties and time-dependent events.     

大豆粉末磷脂对面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响研究

将大豆粉末磷脂添加到小麦粉中,研究其对小麦粉面团流变学特性和馒头品质的影响.结果表明,在小麦粉中添加大豆粉末磷脂,可以明显地改善面团的稳定时间以及拉伸曲线面积和拉伸阻力,还可以提高馒头的品质,增加馒头的抗老化效果;当在小麦粉中添加0.8%的大豆粉末磷脂时,其对馒头品质有较好的改善作用.     

山楂全麦面包的研制

通过在高筋粉中加入全麦粉和山楂粉,并用酵母二次发酵,研制出山楂全麦面包.以感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定全麦粉、山楂粉、奶粉和食盐的添加量对面包品质的影响.结果表明,山楂全麦面包最佳配方为：全麦粉20％,山楂粉1.6％,奶粉3.5％,食盐0.8％,酵母0.9％,鸡蛋14.3％,水50％,白砂糖9 5％,黄油8.3％和面包改良剂0.47％.由此制得的山楂全麦面包风味独特,富含膳食纤维,具有山楂的营养保健功能.     

脱脂对小麦馒头品质的影响

脂类在小麦粉中含量极低,但对食品品质有很大的影响.选取6个不同品种的小麦,用氯仿脱脂,并分别制作馒头.通过馒头的TPA测定、馒头老化以及馒头表观形态和内部结构的变化来分析脂类对馒头品质的影响.结果表明:脂类对馒头品质的影响因小麦品种的不同而有所差异.脱脂后,弱筋小麦粉的馒头制品与对照相比,馒头体积增大,比容增加,硬度、...