基于积分投影与灰度复杂度的人脸特征定位算法

针对当前人脸特征定位的研究现状与难题,采用YCbCr椭圆聚类方法进行肤色区域提取,然后根据人脸的几何特征,通过比例、大小结构特性来判断二值化图中的目标区域是否为人脸,从而可以排除非人脸区域,再结合人脸面部器官分布特点,利用积分投影方法,对人脸区域垂直和水平两个方向分别进行灰度值累加统计,经过分析可以定位眼嘴的区域边界和中心点。同时针对积分投影的缺点,即如果头部发生倾斜会导致投影位置不准确,提出了基于灰度复杂度的眼睛定位方法,利用该方法首先定位人眼位置,然后根据人眼对人脸区域旋转校正,最后再利用积分投影定位嘴巴。     

三维人脸数据的获取及人脸特征自动定位

介绍了一种快速获取人脸三维面貌数据的结构光相移测量技术,并利用这种高速的相移技术在获取三维面貌数据的同时获得人脸纹理背景图像,结合二维人脸图像中的人脸特征识别手段,应用到三维人脸图像中,可以让计算机自动提取人脸图像的主要特征点.首先介绍了高速相移技术的基本原理,介绍了二维人脸图像中的积分投影方法来求取人脸轮廓粗略位置的方法,接着介绍了将二维图像做纹理映射到三维数据里面的方法,结合三维高度信息的曲线分析、曲率判断等,快速的提取出了人脸的三维特征.经实验验证,此方法对于三维人脸特征的自动定位有很高的准确性和通用性.     

基于均匀k均值和高维局部二值模式的人脸识别算法

针对传统局部二值模式(LBP)及其一些改进方法会将具有不同灰度特征的邻域赋予相同的特征值和特征维数倍增的问题,提出一种基于均匀k均值和高维局部二值模式的算法.该算法首先对原图进行切割得到子图;然后提取子图的高维局部二值模式特征,利用均匀k均值对高维特征进行降维处理;最后级联所有的子图特征进行分析.为了验证该算法的性能,在ORL人脸库和YALE人脸库以及FERET人脸库上进行对比实验,结果表明该算法在保证特征维数不递增的前提下,能够明显提高LBP算法的识别率.     

灰度图像中基于像素分布特征的人脸定位

提出了一种利用人脸图像的像素分布特征来定位人脸的方法，在定位人脸的内轮廓时利用了图像二值化后的分布特征和灰度图的像素分布特征相结合的方法，然后将人脸区域的图像进行标准化，经过以脸图像可以方便地用于人脸的识别。在对采集到的图像进行的测试中得到了较好的效果。     

基于人脸识别的考勤系统的设计与研究

通过研究人脸识别,设计出一套用于考勤的系统。基于人脸识别的考勤系统中最主要的就是人脸识别;首先对通过摄像头拍摄获取的原始人脸图片进行图像预处理;然后通过对人脸的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴的定位实现人脸定位;在定位后的人脸图片中将眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴的特征值提取出来;最后通过图片中提取的特征值和后台人脸特征数据库中的值进行比较来完成人脸的识别功能。     

一种姿态变化下的ASM人脸特征定位方法

为了解决传统主动形状模型(ASM)在姿态变化情况下的人脸特征定位不准确的问题,提出一种姿态变化下的ASM人脸特征定位方法。首先在ASM初始化过程中添加一个旋转因子R来初始化人脸形状向量b,使得当人脸有姿态变化时,能自动调整人脸的偏转方向;然后融合局部二值模式算子建立局部纹理模型;最后在IMM人脸库上进行测试,平均定位误差为7.102 0个像素点,比传统的ASM提高35.85%。实验结果表明,与传统的ASM相比,该方法显著改善了姿态变化下的人脸特征定位不准确的问题,并提高了对各特征点的提取精度。     

基于单演同相幅值模式的人脸识别方法

针对单演信号表述仅利用幅值和方向而忽略相位信息的问题,提出了一种单演同相幅值模式方法。用多尺度的单演滤波器提取人脸的单演幅值和相位信息,将相位量化并根据相位量化的结果对幅值累加和二值编码,从而获得若干张单演同相幅值模式图。将每一张PMMSP图分块并提取直方图特征,用BFLD对特征进行降维。这样能有效提升特征的判别能力并降低算法的时间和空间复杂度。在CAS-PEAL人脸库和AR人脸库上的实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

一种基于OpenCV的人脸轮廓化方法

将人脸图像线条化需要结合人脸定位技术和轮廓提取技术。首先使用色彩空间技术,将人像与背景分离;其次通过Harr分类器进行人脸和五官定位,用局部积分投影修正位置,解决了光照影响问题;最后采用OpenCV的形态学工具,将采用了OTSU二值化的图像轮廓化。     

基于正面人脸图像的人脸轮廓的提取

近年来，人脸识别技术成为当前模式识别和人工智能领域的一个研究热点，人脸轮廓提取是人脸特征检测和人脸识别等人脸图像分析的重要前提，但至今仍没有得到圆满的解决。该文针对复杂背景的彩色人脸图像，提出并实现了一种人脸轮廓提取的方法。首先滤波和二值化人脸图像，在二值化图像中采用一种快速的肤色区域边界提取算法确定人脸区域;再在人脸区域内，采用轮廓跟踪技术提取出人脸轮廓。实验结果表明，该方法具有很高的精度和很强的鲁棒性。     

改进级联回归模型的人脸特征点定位

针对级联回归模型依赖形状初始化且结构复杂使其在人脸特征点定位中速度慢、精度低的问题,提出了改进的级联回归人脸特征点定位算法.采用仿射变换参数回归初始化人脸形状,使变换后的初始形状更接近真实人脸以提高模型的收敛速度和精度;在各特征点局部区域构造随机蕨局部学习器,并学习得到易于计算且高度稀疏的二值化特征应用提高模型的速度;对二值化特征使用全局线性回归求得形状增量,实现特征点定位.仿真实验结果表明:相比于原算法,所提算法在LFPW,HELEN,AFW库上定位误差平均降低了11%,定位时间平均减少了14%.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。