食源性致病微生物的检测新技术

研究和建立食源性致病微生物的有效检测方法对于食品安全风险控制及人们的身体健康具有重要意义。本文在简要介绍微生物传统检测技术的基础上,系统地介绍了各类食源性致病微生物检测新方法,包括微生物试纸片检测技术、微生物代谢物检测技术、微生物免疫学检测技术、微生物DNA检测技术、微生物传感器检测技术等,分析了各类食源性微生物检测方法的基本原理、优缺点和应用,并对食源性致病微生物的检测新技术的发展提出了设想。     

食源性致病微生物检测技术研究进展

食源性致病微生物是引起食品安全问题的重要因素。针对食源性致病微生物,快速而准确的检测是保障食品安全的关键举措。随着微生物学、分子生物学技术的发展,基于新型基因组编辑技术和先进的生物传感器的检测技术不断涌现,食源性致病微生物的检测技术展现出多样性和综合性的特点,并得到了广泛的应用和商业化的发展。本文从食源性致病微生物分类出发,深入总结和探讨了传统培养分离法、免疫学检测技术、核酸检测技术和生物传感器检测技术的优缺点,并重点介绍了近年来开发的基于核酸等温扩增技术和CRISPR基因编辑技术的核酸检测新方法。通过对最新的针对食源性致病微生物检测方法综述,为研究者开辟食源性致病微生物检测新方法提供重要的理论参考。     

数字PCR在食源性致病微生物检测中的 应用研究进展

大多数食源性疾病由食源性致病微生物引发,研究和建立食源性致病微生物的快速有效检测方法对于食品安全风险监控及保障人们的身体健康具有重要意义。相对于传统PCR,数字PCR具有较好的准确度和重现性,可实现绝对定量分析,为快速准确地进行食品安全检测提供了一种崭新的技术平台。本文主要介绍了数字PCR中微滴式数字PCR和芯片式数字PCR的基本原理、种类、应用及其研究进展,深入探讨了数字PCR技术在沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、阴沟杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等食源性致病微生物检测中的应用。数字PCR技术目前在转基因成分和动物源性成分定量检测中都得到了较好的应用,在食源性致病微生物中的应用技术还有待更好的发展。     

食源性致病菌快速检测技术研究进展

食源性致病菌是困扰食品安全的重要问题之一,传统微生物检测方法一直被认为是微生物检测的“金标准”,但其操作繁琐、周期性长已不能满足市场对高效的需求,如何准确、高效地检测出食源性致病菌越来越受到政府、社会的关注。文章通过对食源性致病菌各种快速检测技术的研究,将近几年快速检测技术进行汇总,以便了解各快速检测技术的特点,使其充分发挥自身的特点,为满足食源性致病微生物快速检测及市场监管的需要提供理论参考。     

食源性致病微生物分型溯源技术及研究进展

分型溯源技术是研究致病微生物暴发、分析暴发源头的重要方法,在食品安全监管处置中发挥着重要的作用。传统的分型溯源技术在致病微生物暴发检测中发挥着重要的作用,并在不断的发展完善当中,同时以全基因组测序为基础的基因分型溯源技术也因其较高的分辨率也受到了越来越多的关注。本文就近几年国内外快速发展完善的食源性致病微生物分型溯源技术进行综述,为我国食源性致病微生物的精准分型以及溯源网络的建设提供较为全面的参考。     

肉与肉制品中食源性致病微生物快速检测技术研究进展

随着生活水平的提高, 对肉制品的需求日渐增加。然而,肉品中的食源性致病菌严重威胁着人们的生命健康。针对肉制品基质复杂、致病微生物浓度低的特点,传统的食源性微生物检测方法耗时长、操作过程复杂,不能满足现代食品检测的要求, 以分子生物学、免疫分析、生物传感器、核酸适配体为基础的快速检测方法发展迅速, 已经成为食源性致病微生物检测的主要方法。本文主要从分子生物学检测法、基于免疫的检测方法、生物传感器检测法、核酸适配体检测技术等综述肉品中食源性致病微生物的检测方法, 并总结了各种检测技术的优缺点, 为开辟新的肉品中食源性致病微生物检测方法提供参考。     

下一代测序技术在食源性致病菌研究中的应用

下一代测序技术是DNA测序的一项革命性创新技术,其特点是方便快速、高效准确、信息容量大,可实现物种基因组或转录组的深入研究。现阶段,食源性致病微生物导致的全球食品安全问题不断发生,下一代测序技术可在信息缺乏或多种微生物存在的情况下对食源性致病微生物进行检测判定,可在基因序列的背景下更科学地认识食源性致病菌的遗传特性、代谢能力、致病机制等,为食源性微生物疾病预防和控制提供重要的依据。本文主要介绍了在第一代测序技术的基础上发展起来的下一代测序技术,包括第二代测序技术和第三代测序技术的原理、发展历程及优劣势,着重概述了下一代测序技术在食源性致病菌检测鉴定中的应用,并展望该技术在食源性致病菌检测应用中的发展趋势。     

定量PCR技术在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用

食源性致病微生物是影响食品质量和安全的主要因素之一,建立和完善食品中致病微生物快速定量检测技术具有重要的现实意义。定量PCR能快速、敏感、特异而准确定量,深入有效地利用该技术,必将有力促进食源性致病微生物快速检测工作的发展。     

食品病原微生物快速检测技术研究进展

随着现在食品工业的快速发展,食品安全越来越受到各国的重视。影响食品安全的因素很多,其中食品中的病原微生物是影响食品安全的主要因素之一。为了对食品安全进行有效、快速的监测,控制食品加工中的病原微生物,研究和建立食品病原快速检测方法对于食品质量控制和监管及人们健康也就越来越重要。食源性致病菌的传统检测方法繁琐复杂、周期较长,因而快速、简便、特异的检测方法成为研究的热点。快速检测方法的应用范围非常广泛,并且比传统的检测方法更加敏感。本文主要从分子生物学技术、免疫技术、代谢技术、生物传感器技术等方面介绍了目前国内外用于食品微生物检测的先进技术,并对这些在当前较为先进的主流的快速检测技术进行总结分析,为今后进一步研究和开发新检测技术提供一些参考。     

滚环等温扩增技术在食源性致病菌检测中的应用

食源性致病菌是影响人类食品安全的重要因素。人类食源性致病菌致病率的逐年上升,引起世界广泛关注。滚环等温扩增(rolling circle amplification, RCA)技术因具有高特异性、高灵敏度、稳定、操作简单等优点,在食源性致病菌检测中具有广泛的应用前景。近年来以滚环等温扩增技术为基础,针对食源性致病菌的检测新技术不断得到发展。本文概述了滚环等温扩增技术的基本原理、技术特点、在食品微生物快速检测方面的应用、存在的不足和解决措施,指明研究发展新方向,旨在为食源性致病菌在快速、高通量检测需求上增加新方法,对食品安全监管具有重要意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the