Li2O对AlN陶瓷低温烧结的影响

利用XRD，SEM和TEM研究了Li2O-CaF2-Y2O3在AlN陶瓷低温烧结中的作用机理，研究发现，添加Li2O的AlN陶瓷有着更低的收缩开始温度和更大的收缩率，这种收缩来自于Li玻璃相与CaYAlO4液相的共同作用。在烧结过程中，Li2O不仅改变了AlN烧结过程中的相组成，而且改善了液上的性质。由于Li2O的Al2O3在1100℃以下反应生成含Li玻璃相，使得AlN开始收缩的温度大为降低。在1600℃以下，含Li玻璃相分解散失，有利于AlN晶界的纯化，同时，CaYAl3O7向CaYAlO4的转变以及液相CaYAlO4在烧结过程中稳定存在，保证了含Li玻璃相散失后AlN的持续收缩。     

高压烧结AlN（Y2O3）陶瓷的物相组成分析及热导率

用国产六面顶压机在5.0GPa,1300℃～1800℃条件下实现了以Y2O3为烧结助剂的AlN陶瓷体的高压烧结.用XRD对AlN高压烧结体的相组成进行了表征.研究表明:高压制备陶瓷体材料能够有效降低烧结温度和缩短烧结时间,可比传统烧结方法降低400℃以上.Y2O3是AlN有效的低温烧结助剂,在1300℃、1400℃烧结的AlN陶瓷体材料第二相物质以YAlO3和 Y4Al2O9为主.当烧结温度高于1600℃,AlN陶瓷的第二相物质主要以Y3Al5O12为主.烧结条件为5.0GPa/1700℃/75min,样品的热导率可达135W/(m·K).     

氧化铝/氮化铝陶瓷显微组织研究

氮化铝具有良好的热学、电学和机械等性能,是理想的电子封装材料和高性能陶瓷基板材料.本文研究了AlN加入量和烧结温度对Al2O3/AlN复相陶瓷相组成和显微组织的影响.结果表明该陶瓷在1400～ 1550℃烧结时,AlN被部分保留,少量氧原子进入AlN晶格,烧结生成4种铅锌矿结构新相,有利于提高复相陶瓷热导率;氮化铝含量和烧结温度的提高,有利于形成大尺寸晶粒.     

掺Li2O-B2O3-SiO2玻璃低温烧结MgTiO3-CaTiO3陶瓷及其微波介电性能

研究了Li2O-B2O3-SiO2玻璃(LBS)对MgTiO3-CaTiO3(MCT)介质陶瓷烧结特性、相组成和介电性能的影响,分析了MCT陶瓷与银电极的共烧行为.结果表明:通过液相烧结,LBS能有效降低MCT烧结温度至890℃.X射线衍射结果显示有Li2MgTi3O8、硼钛镁石以及Li2TiSiO5等新相生成.随着LBS添加量的增大,陶瓷致密化温度和饱和体积密度降低,介电常数εr品质因数与谐振频率乘积Q×f也呈现下降趋势,频率温度系数δf向负值方向移动.添加质量分数为20%的LBS的0.97MgTiO3-0.03CaTiO3陶瓷在890℃烧结4h,获得最佳性能:εr=16.4,Q×f=11 640GHz,τf=-1.5×10-6/℃.陶瓷与银电极共烧界面结合状况良好,无明显扩散.该材料可用于制造片式多层微波器件.     

AlN陶瓷低温烧结制备与性能研究

采用两组复合烧结助剂Y2O3-CaF2,Y2O3-CaF2-Li2CO3在1600℃烧结AlN陶瓷,对AlN陶瓷烧结密度,热性能和电性能进行了测试,并分析了AlN陶瓷物相变化和微观结构。结果表明,复合烧结助剂在低温下能明显促进AlN陶瓷致密化及晶粒生长发育,尤其是添加3wt%Y2O3-2wt%CaF2作烧结助剂,1600℃常压烧结4h制备了结晶良好,相对密度为98.4%,热导率为133.62W/m.K,同时具有较低相对介电常数的AlN陶瓷。在低温常压条件下制备出性能较高的AlN陶瓷。     

两面顶技术低温超高压烧结AlN陶瓷的研究

本文研究了掺杂不同质量分数的Y2 O3的AlN陶瓷在超高压状态下烧结的物相组成和微观结构。研究表明 ,Y2 O3是有效的低温烧结助剂 ,在低温超高压烧结下 ,掺杂不同比例烧结助剂的AlN陶瓷的第二相均为Al5Y3O1 2 ,在实验条件为 4 4万个大气压 ,1 5 0 0℃的温度 ,1h的烧结时间下 ,超高压烧结AlN陶瓷有着较好的微观结构 ,热导率可达到 1 3 0W/m·K。     

Bi_2O_3/Li_2O助熔剂BST介电陶瓷的低温烧结研究

采用固相反应制备了低温烧结(Ba0.71Sr0.29)TiO3-x Bi2O3/Li2O(x=0.02、x=0.03、x=0.05)陶瓷,差热分析结果表明助熔剂Bi2O3/Li2O可降低(Ba0.71Sr0.29)TiO3陶瓷的烧结温度至820℃并获得相对密度为97%的BST陶瓷。X射线衍射发现制备过程有少量次生相生成,分别为Li2TiO3和Ba2TiO4。实验结果表明Bi2O3/Li2O助熔剂降低了(Ba0.71Sr0.29)TiO3的铁电性,这也是导致介电常数和介电损耗降低的原因。低温烧结机理涉及碳酸钡的中间体的形成,Li离子的熔融态迁移至BST结构中提供了促进反应进行的液相。     

低温烧结Mg4Nb2O9微波介质陶瓷

分别研究了不同含量Li2CO3/V2O5共掺杂和部分Li取代Mg对Mg4Nb2O9基陶瓷烧结特性、显微结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明:Li2CO3/V2O5共掺杂或部分Li取代Mg,均能使Mg4Nb2O9基陶瓷的烧结温度从1 400℃降至950℃,但其烧结机理不同.Li2CO3/V2O5共掺杂Mg4Nb2O9(MNLV)样品中的低熔点液相,使MNLV陶瓷的致密化烧结温度降低.部分Li取代Mg显著降低了(Mg(4-x)Lix)(Nb1.92V0.08)O(9-δ)(MLNV)样品的致密化烧结温度.950℃烧结,相对于MNLV样品的品质因数(Q=13276)而言,MLNV样品的Q值(1 759)显著恶化,这是由于Li1+占据Mg2+晶格.使晶体中非谐振项损耗增加.     

铅硼硅酸盐玻璃中Al_2O_3含量对复相玻璃陶瓷性能的影响

以低软化点的铅硼硅酸盐玻璃和Al2O3粉末为原料,制备Al2O3/玻璃低温共烧复合玻璃陶瓷材料。考察烧结温度和添加不同质量分数的Al2O3对复合玻璃陶瓷烧结机制和微波介电性能的影响,并探讨了作用机制。结果表明:Al2O3掺入PbO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃中改善了与Al2O3陶瓷的界面润湿,对烧结有一定的促进作用。在添加质量分数为4%Al2O3的复相玻璃陶瓷、烧成温度为850℃时性能最好,其密度为3.1 g/cm3,介电常数为8.46,介电损耗为0.001 1。     

BBS掺杂的Ca0．3（Li1/2Sm1/2）0.7TiO3微波介质陶瓷的中温烧结研究

采用传统电子陶瓷制备工艺,以42BaO-45B2O-13SiO2(BBS)玻璃为烧结助剂,制备了可以中温烧结的Ca0.3(Li1/2Sm1/2)0.7TiO3 微波介质陶瓷,对陶瓷的晶相组成、烧结性能及微波介电性能进行了系统研究.结果表明:通过液相烧结,BBS玻璃能有效降低Ca0.3(Li1/2m1.2)TiO3陶瓷的烧结温度,由1300℃降低至1000℃.XRD结果显示陶瓷主晶相为斜方钙钛矿,没有发现杂相.随着BBS添加量的增大,陶瓷的介电常数,品质因素以及频率温度系数均呈下降趋势,当BBS的添加量为10wt%时,1000℃下保温5h烧结的陶瓷的致密度、体积密度以及介电常数达到最大值,并具有良好的微波介电性能:ετ=62.5,Qf=1019GHz,τf=21.6ppm/℃.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

己内酰胺水解聚合过程模拟──双官能团酸调节剂与尼龙6组成分布

提出了有双官能团酸相对分子质量调节剂存在时己内酰胺水解聚合过程动力学模型 ,并进行了实验验证 .对不同温度下聚合产物组成和各影响因素对数均聚合度的影响进行了模拟 .结果表明 ,数均聚合度随进料中水、氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂浓度的增加而减小 ,其中水的浓度影响较显著 ,且在考察浓度范围内相对分子质量调节剂浓度 [R]0 ≤ 0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度基本不变 ,而 [R]0 >0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度则显著减小 .无氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂时数均聚合度亦随水浓度增加而减小 .     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。