阻尼联络线低频振荡的SVC自适应模糊控制器研究

从暂态能量的角度对区域模式振荡的过程进行分析，提出以降低区域间振荡能量为控制目标的阻尼控制策略，设计出附加在SVC上的自适应模糊控制器，以提高互联系统的动态稳定性水平。该控制方案不需预知系统具体参数，通过对系统运行状态和控制效果进行评判，依据模糊规则自适应地对控制参数进行调节，实现对区域模式振荡的有效抑制。数字仿真表明，该控制器能有效地提高互联系统的动态稳定性水平，对不同的系统运行方式和振荡模式具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于振荡能量下降原理的UPFC模糊控制器设计

研究了自适应统一潮流控制器(U PFC)模糊逻辑辅助阻尼控制器的设计方法。从振荡能量函数角度分析了U PFC安装线路的功率振荡特性,提出了以降低振荡能量为控制目标的阻尼控制策略。控制器以U PFC线路的功率为输入信号,通过对系统运行状态和控制效果进行评判,应用模糊规则自适应地调节控制参数,实现对系统功率振荡的有效抑制。控制器设计不需要系统的精确模型和参数。在10机新英格兰测试系统上的仿真研究表明,该控制器控制效果明显优于线性控制器,能有效抑制系统低频振荡,提高电力系统的动态稳定性水平,且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于振荡能量消耗的HVDC和SVC附加阻尼控制

系统的总振荡能量和振幅对应,消耗振荡能量的元件对振荡衰减的贡献为正,具有正阻尼。提出了一种以消耗振荡能量为目标的阻尼控制设计方法,推导了高压直流输电(HVDC)和静止无功补偿器(SVC)的附加阻尼控制策略。该方法统一了基于能量函数下降的一大类阻尼控制策略设计方法,并为这类方法建立了严格的理论基础。控制策略的设计还需要考虑对其他元件振荡能量消耗情况的影响。研究了考虑负荷的SVC附加阻尼控制策略,在附加控制中引入频率偏差项增加负荷的振荡能量消耗,增强阻尼控制的效果。仿真结果验证了控制策略的有效性。     

A novel SVC supplementary controller based on wide area signals

Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a kind of FACTS device which is used in power system primarily for the purpose of voltage and reactive power control. Based on wide area signals, this paper presents a systematic approach for designing SVC supplementary controller, which is used to improve the damping of power system oscillation. The principle for damping oscillation by SVC is first analyzed and the concept of synthetic residue index is then presented which is used to choose the proper input wide area signals. Parameters of the controller are determined by means of test signal method and residue root locus. Eigenvalue analysis and time domain simulations are performed on a two-area system and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

SVC广域辅助控制阻尼区域间低频振荡

SVC已经广泛应用于电力系统的无功支持和电压控制,广域测量系统在国内外也已有许多工程应用.本文利用广域测量信号为输入设计SVC的附加阻尼控制(PSDC).首先阐述了SVC提供阻尼的机理,然后提出了综合留数指标的概念,并据此选择具体的控制输入信号;接着基于测试信号法和留数根轨迹方法相结合进行PSDC的参数设计;并利用PSS/E进行了特征值分析和时域仿真分析验证了所设计的附加阻尼控制器的有效性.最后针对国内某实际电网外送工程中安装的SVC设计了相应的阻尼控制器,时域仿真证明了SVC广域附加阻尼控制的有效性.     

Design of an ANN tuned adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller for power system dynamic performance enhancement

A supplementary damping controller for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is designed for power system dynamic performance enhancement. To maintain a good damping characteristic over a wide range of operating conditions, the gains of the UPFC supplementary damping controller are adapted in real time, based on online measured transmission line loadings (active and reactive power flows). To speed up the online gain adaptation process, an artificial neural network is designed. A major feature for the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller is that only physically measurable variables (active and reactive power flows over the transmission line) are employed as inputs to the adaptive controller. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller, computer simulations are performed on a power system subject to a three-phase fault. It is concluded from the simulation results that the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller can yield satisfactory dynamic responses over a wide range conditions. The electromechanical mode with an oscillation frequency around 0.78 Hz has been effectively damped by the proposed damping compensators.     

Design of a static VAR compensator using model reference adaptive control

A novel approach for the design of a static VAR compensator (SVC) is proposed. The SVC, which comprises a fixed capacitor and a thyristor-controlled inductor, can be used to improve generator damping without deterioration in the voltage profile under severe disturbance conditions. In order to achieve better dynamic performance, a supplementary proportional-integral (PI) controller, of which the parameters are determined by eigenvalue assignment, is incorporated in the static VAR compensator. To further improve the damping characteristics over a wide range of operating conditions, an adaptive controller using model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is also developed. Results from the digital simulation of the system subject to a three-phase fault indicate that the MRAC can provide better dynamic performance than the fixed-gain PI controllers.     

Enhancement of power system dynamic performance through an on-line self-tuning adaptive SVC controller

Static VAr compensators (SVC) are used for voltage control of long distance bulk power transmission lines. By using a supplemental control loop an SVC can also be used to improve the dynamic and transient stability of a power system. Use of a self-tuning adaptive control algorithm as a supplementary controller for the SVC is presented in this article. The control derived is based on a pole-shifting technique employing a predicted plant model. Simulation studies on a simple power system model showed rapid convergence of the estimated plant parameters with an extremely good damping profile. The controller has been tested for ranges of operating conditions and for various disturbances. The effectiveness of the adaptive damping controller was also evaluated through an ‘optimized’ PI controller.     

IPC增强互联系统稳定性控制策略研究

基于相间功率控制器IPC(Interphase Power Contmller)互联系统,比较了保证电网互联的IPC同步策略。从暂态振荡能量函数角度分析了联络线功率振荡的机理．提出通过调节联络线功率不断削减互联系统暂态振荡能量．从而达到阻尼联络线振荡的IPC参数控制策略。设计了IPC自适应模糊控制器,选择联络线两端电压相位差与联络线功率作为控制信号．对增益系数进行自适应模糊调节。以4机双区域测试系统为例,分多种情况进行了暂态时域数值仿真。仿真结果表明：该控制器能够保证互联系统同步,并有效阻尼联络线功率振荡,联络线传输功率和关键节点电压等指标也可得到保证．     

SVC电压控制与阻尼调节间相互作用机理研究

通过对含静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)的单机无穷大(single machine infinite-bus,SIMB)系统进行电磁转矩计算,从理论上分析SVC的电压控制和阻尼调节之间的相互作用关系,既要保证同时为系统提供正的同步转矩和阻尼转矩,电压控制增益和阻尼控制增益的取值需满足一定的限制关系。通过对PSASP中36节点系统进行特征值分析,从广义阻尼的角度分析SVC控制参数对系统阻尼的影响。分析结果表明,电压控制增益和时间常数可改变系统的总阻尼,阻尼控制增益只能对系统的阻尼特性进行重新配置,从而改善系统的弱阻尼区间振荡模式。仿真验证了上述结论的有效性。     

直流广域自适应阻尼控制器设计与RTDS实验

传统的阻尼控制器较难适应系统结构与运行方式的变化,导致电网的低频振荡现象仍然时有发生.设计了一种基于广域动态信息的自寻优自适应阻尼控制器.该控制器使用改进的Prony算法,在线分析得到系统弱阻尼区间振荡模式的阻尼比,并据此通过自寻优的方法调整控制器的参数.该方法避免了现有自适应阻尼控制方法中存在的系统降阶模型辨识的困难,其控制效果通过在南方电网直流调制中的仿真应用得到了验证.进一步,实现了该直流自适应阻尼控制器的软硬件系统,并在基于实时数字仿真器(RTDS)与广域测量系统物理装置的实验平台上进行了测试.闭环控制实验结果说明了此自适应策略的有效性及广域阻尼控制的可行性.     

基于强化学习算法的自适应直流附加阻尼控制器

提出了基于强化学习算法的直流附加阻尼控制器。控制器主体采用模糊神经网络,利用由系统性能指标生成的强化信号在线训练控制器参数。与传统的模糊控制器相比,由于该控制器采用自适应启发式评价算法,将系统输出性能指标转化为强化信号反馈给控制器,使其能够在线修改控制器参数,因此有效地克服了传统阻尼控制器的设计对系统精确数学模型的依赖。仿真结果表明,与传统的阻尼控制器相比,基于强化学习算法的直流附加阻尼控制器能够有效地抑制区域间的功率振荡,提高交直流系统的动态稳定性,并且对多种运行方式具有一定的鲁棒性。     

A fuzzy logic-based adaptive damping controller for static VAR compensator

This paper presents an approach for designing a fuzzy logic-based adaptive SVC damping controller for damping low frequency power oscillations. The proposed approach uses linear optimal controllers and, in addition, a fuzzy signal tuner is introduced to achieve adaptiveness. Two linear damping controllers are designed to accommodate two extreme operating conditions and a fuzzy logic mechanism is used to generate one single control signal by properly combining the outputs of the linear controllers. The fuzzy controller is optimized using a least squares error criterion and, as a result, a higher-order adaptive controller is achieved. Simulation studies of the proposed fuzzy adaptive damping controller show that it provides satisfactory damping against low frequency oscillations under different operating conditions. Results are given for a one-machine infinite-bus and a four-machine two-area test system, which show improvement over the use of a fixed parameter controller.     

SVC抑制电力系统低频振荡的分析

分析了静止无功补偿器(SVC)附加控制(功率振荡阻尼控制)的原理,建立了带和不带附加控制的SVC模型,研究了SVC附加控制抑制低频振荡。小干扰频域及大扰动时域仿真表明,带附加控制的SVC一定程度上能增强系统的阻尼。     

电力系统暂态稳定问题和迭代学习控制的研究

提出暂态稳定是解决电力系统稳定问题的重点,由于电力系统的非线性,模型和干扰 的不确定,寻找较少依赖于数学模型、具有较强适应性的控制策略是电力系统稳定控制的 重要课题。例如,在特定的条件下,重要的FACTS装置STATCOM如控制不当,则有可能出现负 阻尼现 象,诱发系统振荡。将迭代学习控制方法应用到FACTS装置的阻尼振荡控制中,对系统的各 种运行点具有很好的适应性,并可自动消除负阻尼的出现。同时证明了这种控制方法用于两 种FACTS装置的收敛性。仿真结果表明迭代学习控制法与常规PI控制相比,在很多情况下具 有较好的适应性。     

Tuning a static var compensator controller over a wide range of load models using an artificial neural network

A novel approach using an artificial neural network (ANN) for tuning a static var compensator (SVC) controller over a wide range of load models is presented in this paper. To enhance power system damping over a wide range of load models, it is desirable to adapt the SVC controller gain in real time based on load models. To do this, online measurements of load parameters which are representative of load models are chosen as the input signals to the neural network. The output of the neural network is the desired gain of the SVC controller. The neural network, once trained by a set of input-output patterns in the training set, can yield a proper SVC controller gain under any load model. Simulation results show that the tuning gain of a SVC controller using the ANN approach can provide better damping of the power system over a wide range of load models than the fixed-gain controller.     

SVC阻尼控制附加信号选取的探讨

随着电力系统的不断壮大,低频振荡问题日益突出,其中区域间低频振荡更为严重而且较难使用传统方法进行阻尼控制.采用静止无功补偿器SVC附加控制来实现区域间振荡的阻尼控制.通过时域仿真,比较了不同附加输入信号在区域联络线潮流变化情况下的阻尼特性.研究表明,线路电流幅值是其中最为合适的附加控制信号.     

使用直接神经动态规划方法的SVC附加阻尼控制

电力系统具有的规模巨大、强非线性和不确定性等因素一直是动态稳定控制中难以解决的问题，而直接神经动态规划方法是一种基于测量的不依赖于系统模型的在线控制方法，文中用于实现4机2区系统中SVC的附加阻尼控制器的设计，主要由两部分组成：执行网络和评价网络，这两部分均为神经网络，前者用于产生控制信号，后者用于评价当前的系统状态，并据此调整控制律。文中还通过在MATLAB环境下的仿真，分析了其学习能力、控制效果和适应能力，与使用传统方法设计的控制器的比较结果显示了其在适应性上的优越性。     

电力系统阻尼控制机理与特性

基于单机-无穷大电力系统,采用等面积定则分析电力系统阻尼控制机理。对电力系统稳定器（PSS）、静止无功补偿器（SVC）、晶闸管控制的串联电容器（TCSC）和高压直流（HVDC）的附加阻尼控制器的运行特性进行总结。对如何利用电网中各种阻尼资源以提高抑制系统区间振荡的能力进行讨论。当系统中已安装的PSS不能有效阻尼区间振荡时,可优先考虑利用HVDC的附加阻尼调制来增强阻尼。此外,可考虑柔性交流输电系统（FACTS）的附加阻尼控制,并认为TCSC抑制区间振荡的效果一般优于SVC。在四机两区域电力系统中的仿真分析结果验证了结论的合理性。     

含储能型虚拟同步发电机的直驱风机并网系统自适应协调阻尼控制策略

储能型虚拟同步发电机(VSG)的灵活控制特性能够为风电并网系统提供有效的频率和电压支撑,然而系统振荡特性会受到一定程度的影响,同时风电时变出力特性导致的运行点变化也将使得定参数阻尼控制表现出适应性不足的问题.为此,提出了适应风电出力时变特性的自适应协调阻尼控制策略.首先,在风电并网系统状态空间模型的基础上推导线性变参数模型,以直驱风机的有功功率为调度变量,根据稳定域确定运行空间范围;然后,利用间隙度量对运行空间进行划分,确定各子运行空间的典型运行点并将其作为多胞形顶点,建立调度增益与系统运行工况以及控制器的映射关系;最后,针对不同频率振荡模式协调设计自适应控制器.测试系统的仿真结果表明,所设计的自适应协调阻尼控制器不仅能够同时阻尼含储能型VSG并网系统中的次同步振荡和低频振荡,也能在风电出力大范围时变工况下保持良好的阻尼水平.