On Strong Stability Preserving Time Discretization Methods

Over the last few years, great effort has been made to develop high order strong stability preserving (SSP) Runge–Kutta methods. These methods have a nonlinear stability property that makes them suitable for the time integration of ODEs that arise from a method of lines approximation of hyperbolic conservation laws. Basically, this stability property is a monotonicity property for the internal stages and the numerical solution. Recently Ferracina and Spijker have established a link between stepsize restrictions for monotonicity and the already known stepsize restrictions for contractivity. Hence the extensive research on contractivity can be transferred to the SSP context. In this paper we consider monotonicity issues for arbitrary norms and linear and nonlinear problems. We collect and review some known results and relate them with the ones obtained in the SSP context.     

Influence of Vibration Modes and Human Operator on the Stability of Haptic Rendering

Developing stable controllers, which are able to display virtual objects with high stiffness, is a persistent challenge in the field of haptics. This paper addresses the effect of internal vibration modes and the human operator on the maximum achievable virtual stiffness. An 11-parameter mechanical model is used to adequately characterize the overall system dynamics. Experiments that are carried out on LHIfAM and PHANToM haptic interfaces demonstrate the importance of vibration modes to determine the critical stiffness when the user grasps the device.      

A Survey of Haptic Rendering Techniques

Computer Graphics technologies have developed considerably over the past decades. Realistic virtual environments can be produced incorporating complex geometry for graphical objects and utilising hardware acceleration for per pixel effects. To enhance these environments, in terms of the immersive experience perceived by users, the human's sense of touch, or haptic system, can be exploited. To this end haptic feedback devices capable of exerting forces on the user are incorporated. The process of determining a reaction force for a given position of the haptic device is known as haptic rendering. For over a decade users have been able to interact with a virtual environment with a haptic device. This paper focuses on the haptic rendering algorithms which have been developed to compute forces as users manipulate the haptic device in the virtual environment.     

基于谱离散方法的时滞系统PID参数整定

长流程生产过程不同回路之间存在耦合和时滞,是一个复杂的多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)多重时滞系统,其控制器参数整定尤为困难。为此,提出了一种基于谱离散方法的多重时滞系统PID参数整定方法,该方法运用多重时滞对象模型的伴随矩阵构造解耦矩阵,并将解耦的多重时滞系统以状态空间形式表达,通过采用谱离散方法限定闭环特征根的分布区域进行PID参数整定。由于无需模型约简即可进行参数整定,提高了多重时滞系统PID参数的整定效率。运用该方法对Wood-Berry二元精馏塔模型进行PID参数整定并仿真,并与其他方法比较,表明该方法在响应速度和扰动抑制方面具有优越性。预计提出的方法在其他长流程生产过程PID控制器参数整定方面也将有广泛的应用前景。     

彩色图像的纹理力/触觉渲染方法

针对图像纹理力/触觉再现技术中用灰度变化表征纹理所导致的彩色图像在灰度变换后丢失纹理信息的缺点,用颜色变化表征纹理,提出彩色图像的纹理力/触觉渲染方法.该方法中,切向力的计算基于像素力场算法,法向力的计算基于惩罚算法,根据颜色和空间感的心理学效应提出由亮度和色调决定约束空间,合力通过手控器反馈给操作者.实验结果表明,文中方法能够有效地对彩色图像纹理进行力/触觉渲染.     

高度复杂拟凸体的实时触觉绘制

触觉绘制目前已成为虚拟现实的研究热点之一,其核心是触觉代理与目标物体的实时碰撞检测与距离计算,对高度复杂模型的触觉绘制仍然是虚拟现实领域的难题,原因是对模型复杂度敏感的算法均不能满足触觉绘制苛刻的时间要求.提出触觉包围盒概念,并针对拟凸体提出一种基于触觉包围盒的实时触觉绘制算法.触觉包围盒记录了离散的采样光线与目标物体的相交信息,进行触觉计算时,只需要执行1次线段与包围盒求交运算和5次双线性插值运算即可高速求出碰撞信息,且所得到的碰撞信息可直接用于反馈力计算.实验结果表明,该算法不仅快速有效,而且具有与触觉绘制模型复杂度不相关的优点.     

触觉可视化技术中柔性物体变形模型研究

触觉可视化技术的出现开辟了虚拟现实技术新的应用前景,柔性物体变形技术成为其中的研究热点。论文对触觉可视化技术中柔性物体变形技术进行深入研究,系统地讨论了基于几何的力变形模型与基于物理意义力变形模型,分析了相关模型的基本思想和优缺点,对这些建模方法的性能进行了细致的比较。结果表明随着硬件技术的不断发展,基于物理意义的有限元模型将会得到越来越多的应用。最后对柔性物体物理形变建模的未来发展趋势做了探讨。     

触觉可视化技术中柔性物体变形模型研究

触觉可视化技术的出现开辟了虚拟现实技术新的应用前景,柔性物体变形技术成为其中的研究热点。论文对触觉可视化技术中柔性物体变形技术进行深入研究,系统地讨论了基于几何的力变形模型与基于物理意义力变形模型,分析了相关模型的基本思想和优缺点,对这些建模方法的性能进行了细致的比较。结果表明随着硬件技术的不断发展,基于物理意义的有限元模型将会得到越来越多的应用。最后对柔性物体物理形变建模的未来发展趋势做了探讨。     

A Fundamental Tradeoff Between Performance and Sensitivity Within Haptic Rendering

In this paper, we show that for haptic rendering using position feedback, the structure of the feedback loop imposes a fundamental tradeoff between accurate rendering of virtual environments and sensitivity of closed-loop responses to hardware variations and uncertainty. Due to this tradeoff, any feedback design that achieves high-fidelity rendering incurs a quantifiable cost in terms of sensitivity. Analysis of the tradeoff reveals certain combinations of virtual environment and haptic device dynamics for which performance is achieved only by accepting very poor sensitivity. This analysis may be used to show that certain design specifications are infeasible and may guide the choice of hardware to mitigate the tradeoff severity. We illustrate the predicted consequences of the tradeoff with an experimental study.     

带时滞的线性时变奇异系统的稳定性

通过比较方法建立了一类带时滞的线性时变奇异系统的稳定性判据,并讨论了相应的带有时滞的时变区间奇异系统的稳定性,给出了一个稳定性的比较定理。     

Stability Analysis and Design of Impulsive Control Systems With Time Delay

A class of impulsive control systems with time-varying delays is considered. By establishing an impulsive delay differential inequality, we analyze the global exponential stability of the impulsive delay systems and estimate the exponential convergence rate. On the basis of the analysis, a design procedure of impulsive controller is presented. The designed impulsive controller not only can globally exponentially stabilize the time delay systems, but also can control the exponential convergence rate of the systems. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.     

不确定离散时滞广义系统的参数依赖稳定条件

研究了一类具有凸多面体不确定性的离散时滞广义系统的鲁棒稳定性问题。基于参数依赖的Lyapunov函数和线性矩阵不等式方法,推导出使系统正则、因果且鲁棒稳定的时滞相关型充分条件。算例验证了本文方法的可行性。     

基于RTX的力/触觉再现系统实时性实现方法研究

针对虚拟环境力/触觉再现系统中作用力计算的实时性要求,研究了Windows操作系统下循环控制的实现方法:时间查询法、多媒体定时器法和基于实时扩展RTX(real-time extension)的方法.利用Delta 6-DOF力/触觉手控器建立了一个基于PC的力/触觉再现原型系统,分别在系统空载、并存网络通信、并存音频播放和并存视频播放4种系统负载状态下对3种实现方法进行了实验.实验结果表明,基于RTX的方法能够获得较理想的实时循环控制性能,适用于力/触觉再现等需要较高实时性计算循环的应用系统.     

一类短时延网络控制系统的建模和稳定性

由于网络控制系统NCS引入网络后造成系统时延而造成系统的不稳定性。本文针对一类短时延NCS中,为保证系统的全局稳定问题,研究了该短时延系统的时延有界性。同时,证明了在输出反馈的条件下,分析了系统的闭环稳定性充分必要条件。最后,文章也通过Matlab对被控对象进行仿真实验,进而证明了文中的结论。     

速度驱动的复杂场景多层级力觉交互算法

触/力觉交互技术应用环境的复杂化,对复杂触/力觉场景的研究提出了新的挑战.文中以虚拟现实牙科手术训练系统为背景,研究基于速度驱动的复杂场景多层级力觉交互算法.文中采用CATIA对下牙列大量数据进行网格简化,建立了下牙列场景的层次细节(Levels Of Detail,LOD)模型;基于人类触觉感知的精度随交互速度的变化规律,设计了速度驱动的LOD模型触发机制;提出了虚拟工具化身SCP(Surface Contact Point)层级映射算法,保证了力觉交互设备的稳定性,并发现了映射约束线段的长度是保证力觉逼真性及实时性协调的关键变量;最后,设计了针对一般儿何体和复杂曲面的实验,量化评价文中算法的逼真性及实时性,证明了将人手运动速度作为场景模型复杂度切换驱动条件的有效性.     

跨地区短时间序列的离散化方法

跨地区时间序列是由多个地区组成的多变量时间序列集合,每个地区有着相同的变量集。其时序长度通常比较短。跨地区时间序列在商业、经济、公共管理等领域广泛存在。离散化是时间序列关联规则挖掘的不可或缺的先行步骤。该文介绍了一个新颖的针对跨地区时间序列的离散化方法。相对没有考虑跨地区性质的方法,在跨地区短时序数据上,此方法可以更准确地提取出事件,完成离散化工作。     

The Framework for Linear Periodic Time‐Delay Systems Based on Semi‐Discretization: Stability Analysis and Control

Stability analysis and control for linear periodic time‐delay systems are investigated in this paper. In this framework, a semi‐discretization method is used to develop a mapping of the system response in a finite‐dimensional state space. With the mapping, the stability region and stability boundary can be identified by comparing the maximum absolute value of its eigenvalues to 1. More importantly, an efficient stability criterion is presented for periodic neutral systems. In addition, minimization of the maximum absolute value of the mapping's eigenvalues leads to optimal control gains. The tracking control problem is also discussed. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.