展辰达：树民族品牌，做百年企业——近访展辰达化工董事长陈冰

遇到了这么一群人，他们质朴、热情、平易近人；结识了这么一群人，他们勤奋、进取、勇于奉献。是怎样的经历让他们走到了一起，是怎样的信念让他们奉献于他们共同为之奋斗的事业。走近了他们，熟识了他们，才知，是共同的追求——“树民族品牌，做百年企业”，是对企业核心文化——“创新、和谐、共同成长”的认同和对事业的孜孜以求，使他们同呼吸，共命运，组成了和睦、团结、进取的大家庭，共同谱写着展辰达的辉煌篇章……     

BL型多功能万能胶设备

无锡化友机械有限公司集国内外制备万能胶设备之精华，依托有关万能胶科技专家共同开发研制，改变了传统的炼胶、切片、溶解、搅拌、聚合的繁锁工艺，生产出BL型双轴、多角度、全方向型快速粉碎、溶解、聚合的多功能万能胶设备，删减了需要炼胶、切片的环节，缩短了生产流程，提高了产品质量，且操作简便，生产成本下降。本机密闭型生产对生产车问的环境有着良好的环保作用，通过用户多年实际应用证明，获得了可观的经济效益，大大提高了生产能力。     

国外水泥生产技术与设备的发展

阐述了国外水泥生产技术与设备的发展概况，介绍了发达国家在应用新型干法水泥生产新技术方面所取得的成就。新型干法技术的出现，提高了劳动生产率和产品质量，扩大了生产规模，降低了产品热耗，有效控制了烟尘、粉尘、有害气体的排放，文中对生料制备、烧成，水泥粉磨、废渣再利用、自动化过程控制技术、性能各异的特种水泥以及散装水泥的发展等也做了简述。     

一步结晶法制取磷酸二氢钾的研究

比较了磷酸二氢钾的生产方法，着重研究了利用高浓度原料，一步结晶的可能性，以省去蒸发、浓缩、冷却、结晶的环节，从而节省了资金投入量，降低了生产成本。     

基于微信平台的医用化学移动教学模式的研究——以“电解质溶液”为例

以“康达医用化学”公众号为平台的移动教学模式的开展，丰富了线上教学资源，提升了教学效果。以“电解质溶液”为例，进行了实践教学，针对本章节内容制定了教学任务，并以任务为驱动，采用了线上自学、翻转课堂、分组讨论多种方式结合的教学方法，就课前、课中、课后进行了知识体系的构建，从而实现了线上线下统一的移动教学模式。历经两届实践教学，该模式提高了学生的积极性，取得了良好的教学效果，为医用化学的教学改革提供了参考。     

裂解气压缩机检修吊装施工组织

针对某石化合资公司基础化学装置裂解气压缩机检修，在较短工期要求下，采取措施，优化了压缩机主要零部件透平缸、低压缸、中压缸、高压缸等施工线路，对压缩机厂房吊装的空间高度进行了核算，调整了行车的限位，提高了可利用的起吊高度，选用了平衡梁、子母环，降低的起吊需要高度，精心组织吊装，保证的设备和吊装的安全。     

多功能水稳剂的性能评定及其工业应用

现代工业的发展，对工业水质稳定剂的要求越来越高，因此研制新的高效多功能水稳剂成为世界各大水处理公司的开发方向，通过多年的研究，我们开发了KW-424多功能水稳剂，它是集清洗、预膜、腐蚀、阻垢于一体的水稳剂，用一种KW-424可以解决，清洗、预膜和正常处理的三个过程的用药，从而减少了多次补水、排污置换过程，不仅节约了大量用水，同时减少了运行时间，为企业增产增收提供了保证，多年来已在燕山石化炼油厂和南京扬子公司塑料厂、内蒙古化肥厂、宝钢集团上钢五厂等30多个单位广泛应用，并取得了良好的效果。     

2,4,6—三溴丙烯酸苯酯的合成

研究了以２，４，６－三溴苯酚、丙烯酸、三氯化磷为基本原料，通过分步法合成２，４，６－三溴丙烯酸苯酯的方法，并通过正交实验和单因素优化找到了适宜的工艺条件。对所得产品进行了分析测试，确定了产品是目的产品。并给出了产品的熔点、折光率、溴含量、分子量、分子结构及纯度等的测定值。     

2,2,3,3—四溴—1,4—丁二醇的合成研究

研究了２，２，３，３－四溴－１，４－丁二醇的合成方法，讨论了温度、溶剂、催化剂、反应时间、原料配比等因素对产品收率的影响，并提出了反应母液循环利用的有关问题。     

碳酸钾工艺改造

通过对碳酸钾生产过程中化盐、交换、蒸发等各工序存在问题的分析排查，找出了影响消耗的工艺、设备及操作的原因，并进行了相应工艺及设备的改造。经过改善工艺流程、改进设备、优化工艺运行，使系统达到了稳定长周期运行，消耗比改造前有了较为明显的降低，增加了产品生产能力，各项指标达到了中国先进水平，增强了企业的市场竞争力。     

B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物,并对包合物进行了差热分析,证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明,当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时,包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高,确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明,当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后,与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比,对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d,B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％,而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。     

Refractory compounds of basic composition for the monolithin lining of steel-teeming ladles

Conclusions Questions of the method of production of basic ramming compounds at Panteleimonovka Refractory Plant and their use in the monolithic lining of the walls of 160-ton steel-teeming ladles of the No. 2 Converter Shop of Kirvoi Rog Steel Combine are considered.An analysis of the wear of the lining during service showed that it occurs as the result of spalling of the sintered zone and salamandering of the lining. The use of a movable thermally insulated lid made it possible to hold the temperature of the ladle lining within limits of 730–1120°C between heats and to obtain a basic rammed lining life of 21–39 heats as opposed to an average life for the shop of 14.8 heats.A reserve for increasing the ladle basic lining life is optimization of the thermal conditions of its service, including high-temperature heating of the lining before pouring of the metal, the use of thermally insulated lids with the minimum consumption of time for placing of them, an increase in the life of the well refractory to the life of the walls and bottom, and elimination of cooling of the lining between heats.A Discussion: Problems of the Production and Use of Refractories for the Lining of Steel-Teeming Ladles. [For the start of the discussion see No. 8 (1988) and for the continuation Nos. 9–12 (1988) and Nos. 1–3, 5, and 7 (1989).]Deceased.I. I. Glaka, N. F. Drobot, N. V. Kurmaz, B. P. Zinchenko, S. A. Poznyak, I. M. Ryaboshapkin, V. V. Slushko, A. A. Chulkov, Yu. Bormatov, S. I. Vanchyuk, V. I. Dobrovol'skii, B. G. Zhuravel', N. I. Kiyan, L. I. Nekrasov, N. M. Sokolov, P. V. Khomenko, G. A. Nikitenko, S. Dorgobuzov, P. I. Valiev, N. N. Gorbatko, V. I. Kovalenko, and M. I. Lyakhov of Krivoi Rog Steel participated in the preparation and tests of the basic monolithic linings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 1–4, August, 1989.     

国外生物降解聚合物的种类及主要组分

据１９９６～１９９８年国外有关文献的汇集,由美,日,德等国主要研制,生产的生物降解聚合物种类为：１,单一型生物降解聚合物;（１）合成酯（酸）类;（２）淀粉基材料;（３）天然高分子材料;２、复合型生物降解聚合物;（１）不同种类的烃基互聚物;（２）烃酯（酸）／聚酯（３）脂肪族聚酯／芳香族聚酯共聚物;（３）淀粉基复合型,（５）光／生物降解聚合物;３、可生物降解水溶性聚合物。     

Book Reviews

Physico-Chemical Basis of Formation of Non-Woven Materials, V. 6. Tikhomirov, Legkaya lndustriya Publ. Moscow 1969. 328 pp. Rub. 2.29.

ADHESIVES FOR METALS. THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY, Nicholas J. DeLollis. Industrial Press Inc., New York 1970. 230 pp. $15.00.     

九种致癌染料剥色工艺的优化

针对纺织品上可能存在的九种致癌染料(C.I.酸性红26、C.I.分散橙11、C.I.分散黄3、C.I.分散蓝1、C.I.直接蓝6、C.I.直接黑38、C.I.直接红28、C.I.碱性红9、C.I.碱性紫14),本文研究并比较了不同剥色工艺对不同致癌染料剥色效果的影响.并提出选用加入尿素的甲醇作为剥色剂,使用超声功率为100W的超声波在70℃处理30分钟可以获得比较理想的剥色效果.     

The ruthenium(VIII)-catalysed oxidation of Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal: An application of g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy for structural analysis

The oxidation of Illinois No. 6 coal proceeds readily with ruthenium(VIII) to provide a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The acids were converted into their methyl esters for analysis by g.c.-m.s. and g.c.-FT-i.r. spectroscopy. Mono-, di-, tri- and tetracarboxylic acids are the principal products of the oxidation of this bituminous coal. The g.c.-FT-i.r. approach has enabled the detection of several different lactones that have not been observed previously. The results imply that cyclic ethers are present in low abundance in Illinois coals.     

Analysis of upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquid products

Upgraded coal-derived liquids obtained from catalytic hydroprocessing of SRC-11 and H-coal syncrudes have been studied by i.r., p.m.r., g.c.-m.s., and silica gel chromatography. With increase in residence time, nitrogen, oxygen and aromatics decrease, while naphthenes increase substantially. All the upgraded liquids show low viscosity at 298 K (1.3–1.4 mN s m^?2), even though saturate and aromatic fractions varied with processing severity. In the aromatic-1 fraction, 1 -ring aromatics increase, and 3-ring aromatics decrease, with increase in severity of hydroprocessing. G.c.-m.s. analyses indicate a marked qualitative similarity for saturate and aromatic fractions irrespective of syncrude source. Only the heavier end of the aromatic-1 fraction is noticeably different. Tentative identifications based on m.s. and g.c. retention times are made for most of the significant components. 600 M Hz p.m.r. spectra of the upgraded SRC-11 and H-coal liquids appear identical, but the n.m.r. difference technique revealed slight differences between the two liquids in concentrations of certain species.     

Characterization of coals and coal oxidation by magic-angle 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy

Magic-angle ¹³C n.m.r. spectra have been obtained for a series of vitrinite concentrates. Proper modification of the cross-polarization pulse sequence allows separation of protonated and nonprotonated carbon resonances. This technique is used to determine the relative fraction of nonprotonated aromatic carbons for each of the vitrinites, a parameter observed to decrease with increasing rank. Another parameter, related to the aromatic hydrogen content, is also calculated from these data and the results correlate with those from Fourier transform i.r. spectroscopy. The methods used for analysis of the vitrinite concentrates were then applied to the low-temperature oxidation of coal. The fractional aromaticity as determined by n.m.r. increases with longer oxidation times, indicating preferential attack on aliphatic structures. Here the FT-i.r. results are in quantitative agreement with those from n.m.r. Finally, the advantages of using various pulse sequences to extend the range of magic-angle n.m.r. and of combining FT-i.r. and n.m.r. results are discussed in the context of their potential for coal science.     

Mechanical properties of zirconium dioxide single crystals intended for structural applications

Conclusions New structural materials (single crystals obtained from partially stabilized zirconium dioxide) were studied. It was established that their physical and mechanical properties are certainly comparable to those of the other structural materials. We obtained new information regarding the mechanical behavior of the single crystals of zirconium dioxide that would facilitate further development of the technology of these materials and guide the studies on the mechanisms of their resistance to mechanical forces under different loading conditions.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 14–17, 1991.The authors wish to thank V. I. Aleksandrov, M. A. Vishnyakov, Yu. K. Voron'ko, and V. F. Kalabukhov for participating in the research work concerning crystal growth and V. I. Galenko, A. V. Drozdov, A. V. Cheboryukov, and A. I. Fesenko for carrying out mechanical testing.     

NMR- und UV-VIS-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Push-pull-Butadienen

N.M.R. and U.V.-VIS Spectroscopic Investigations on Push-pull Butadienes ¹³C-n.m.r., d-n.m.r. and u.v.-vis spectroscopical data show that the push-pull character of the investigated butadienes is lowered by substitution at the carbon atom in 3-position of the butadiene chain.