Some remarks on Kähler differentials and ordinary differentials in nonlinear control theory

In the algebraic approach to nonlinear control systems two similar notions, namely Kähler differentials and the formal vector space of differential one-forms having the properties of ordinary differentials, are frequently used to study the systems. This technical note explains that the formal vector space of differential one-forms is isomorphic to a quotient space (module) of Kähler differentials. These two modules coincide when they are modules over a ring of linear differential operators over the field of algebraic functions. Some remarks and examples demonstrating when the use of Kähler differentials might not be appropriate are included.     

Analysis of nonlinear time-delay systems using modules over non-commutative rings

The theory of non-commutative rings is introduced to provide a basis for the study of nonlinear control systems with time delays. The left Ore ring of non-commutative polynomials defined over the field of meromorphic function is suggested as the framework for such a study. This approach is then generalized to a broader class of nonlinear systems with delays that are called generalized Roesser systems. Finally, the theory is applied to analyze nonlinear time-delay systems. A weak observability is defined and characterized, generalizing the well-known linear result. Properties of closed submodules are then developed to obtain a result on the accessibility of such systems.     

一类非线性飞行控制系统鲁棒故障诊断

针对一类仿射非线性飞行控制系统的执行器故障,提出了一种基于微分几何方法的鲁棒故障诊断方案.各个输入通道相应的不可观分布满足条件时,可以通过分别在状态空间和输出空间进行同胚变换,将原系统化为多个只受单一通道故障输入影响的能观商子系统.原系统的残差生成器设计问题转化为对其各通道能观商子系统的观测器设计,实现残差与其他通道故...     

非线性系统的实现与最小阶问题

在系统的微分域及相应的微分向量空间上定义了一个非交换的多项式环(算子环), 并利用这个环定义非线性系统的传递函数.用微分向量空间为工具,讨论单输入/单输出非线 性系统的实现问题.主要结果回答了:1)在什么条件下,不同的输入/输出微分方程有相同(等 价)的实现;2)在未知实现的条件下,如何确定输入/输出微分方程最小实现的阶数.覆盖了线 性系统理论的相关结果.     

Trigonometric approximation of optimal periodic control problemsfor systems with inertial controllers

A constrained optimal periodic control (OPC) problem for nonlinear systems with inertial controllers is considered. A sequence of approximate problems containing trigonometric polynomials for approximation of the state, control, and functions in the state equations and in the optimality criterion is formulated. Sufficient conditions for a sequence of nearly optimal solutions of approximate problems to be norm-convergent to the basic problem optimal solution are derived. It is pointed out that the direct approximation approach in the space of state and control combined with the finite-dimensional optimization methods such as the space covering and gradient-type methods makes probable the finding of the global optimum for OPC problems     

Generalized nonlinear ℋ︁∞ synthesis condition with its numerically efficient solution

In this paper, we will first derive a general synthesis condition for the output‐feedback ??_∞ control of smooth nonlinear systems. Computationally efficient ??_∞ control design procedure for a subclass of smooth nonlinear systems with polynomial vector field is then proposed by converting the resulting Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Isaacs inequalities from rational forms to their equivalent polynomial forms. Using quadratic Lyapunov functions, both the state‐feedback and output‐feedback problems will be reformulated as semi‐definite optimization conditions and locally tractable solutions can be obtained through sum‐of‐squares (SOS) programming. The proposed nonlinear ??_∞ design approach achieves significant relaxations on the plant structure compared with existing results in the literature. Moreover, the SOS‐based solution algorithm provides an effective computational scheme to break the bottleneck in solving nonlinear ??_∞ and optimal control problems. The proposed nonlinear ??_∞ control approach has been applied to several examples to demonstrate its advantages over existing nonlinear control techniques and its usefulness to engineering problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kalman filter variants in the closed skew normal setting

The filtering problem (or the dynamic data assimilation problem) is studied for linear and nonlinear systems with continuous state space and over discrete time steps. Filtering approaches based on the conjugate closed skewed normal probability density function are presented. This distribution allows additional flexibility over the usual Gaussian approximations. With linear dynamic systems the filtering problem can be solved in analytical form using expressions for the closed skew normal distribution. With nonlinear dynamic systems an ensemble-based version is proposed for fitting a closed skew normal distribution at each updating step. Numerical examples discuss various special cases of the methods.     

On Local Structural Stability of Differential 1-Forms and Nonlinear Hypersurface Systems on a Manifold with Boundary

In this paper we consider smooth differential 1-forms and smooth nonlinear control-affine systems with (n−1)-inputs evolving on an n-dimensional manifold with boundary. These systems are called hypersurface systems under the additional assumption that the drift vector field and control vector fields span the tangent space to the manifold. We locally classify all structurally stable differential 1-forms on a manifold with boundary. We give complete local classification of structurally stable hypersurface systems on a manifold with boundary under static state feedback defined by diffeomorphisms, which preserve the manifold together with its boundary. Date received: March 30, 2000. Date revised: October 30, 2000.     

A transfer function approach to the realisation problem of nonlinear systems

This article studies the nonlinear realisation problem, i.e. the problem of finding the state equations of a nonlinear system from the transfer function representation being easily computable from the higher order input–output differential equation. The realisation in both observer and controller canonical forms is studied. The results demonstrate a clear connection with those from linear theory. In the solution the concept of adjoint polynomials, adjoint transfer function and right factorisation of the transfer function play a key role. Finally, the results are applied for system linearisation up to input–output injection used in the observer design.     

基于SOS技术的多项式非线性系统鲁棒控制综合

针对一类具有多项式向量场的仿射不确定非线性系统,借助多项式平方和(Sum of Squares, SOS)技术,研究其状态反馈鲁棒控制综合问题。给出了该类系统鲁棒镇定控制、以及带有保性能和H性能目标的优化控制问题的充分可解性条件。所给出的条件均被描述为由状态依赖线性矩阵不等式(LMI)组成的SOS规划,可由SOS技术直接求解。此外,通过引入附加变量给出了描述多项式矩阵的逆以及有理式矩阵的方法。最后,通过数值仿真验证了方法的有效性     

Uniqueness of meromorphic functions whose certain nonlinear differential polynomials share a polynomial

In this paper, we get two uniqueness theorems of meromorphic functions whose certain nonlinear differential polynomials share a polynomial. The results in this paper extend the corresponding results given by Fang (2002) in [7]. Our reasoning in this paper will correct a defective reasoning in the proof of Theorem 4 in Bhoosnurmath and Dyavanal (2007) [8]. An example is provided to show that some conditions of the main results in this paper are necessary.     

Stabilization of sets with application to multi-vehicle coordinated motion

In this paper, we develop stability and control design framework for time-varying and time-invariant sets of nonlinear dynamical systems using vector Lyapunov functions. Several Lyapunov functions arise naturally in multi-agent systems, where each agent can be associated with a generalized energy function which further becomes a component of a vector Lyapunov function. We apply the developed control framework to the problem of multi-vehicle coordinated motion to design distributed controllers for individual vehicles moving in a specified formation. The main idea of our approach is that a moving formation of vehicles can be characterized by a time-varying set in the state space, and hence, the problem of distributed control design for multi-vehicle coordinated motion is equivalent to the design of stabilizing controllers for time-varying sets of nonlinear dynamical systems. The control framework is shown to ensure global exponential stabilization of multi-vehicle formations. Finally, we implement the feedback stabilizing controllers for time-invariant sets to achieve global exponential stabilization of static formations of multiple vehicles.     

Direct adaptive control of partially known nonlinear systems.

A direct adaptive control strategy for a class of single-input/single-output nonlinear systems is presented. The major advantage of the proposed method is that a detailed dynamic nonlinear model is not required for controller design. The only information required about the plant is measurements of the state variables, the relative degree, and the sign of a Lie derivative which appears in the associated input-output linearizing control law. Unknown controller functions are approximated using locally supported radial basis functions that are introduced only in regions of the state space where the closed-loop system actually evolves. Lyapunov stability analysis is used to derive parameter update laws which ensure (under certain assumptions) the state vector remains bounded and the plant output asymptotically tracks the output of a linear reference model. The technique is successfully applied to a nonlinear biochemical reactor model.     

A multiple-kernel LSSVR method for separable nonlinear system identification

In some nonlinear dynamic systems, the state variables function usually can be separated from the control variables function, which brings much trouble to the identification of such systems. To well solve this problem, an improved least squares support vector regression （LSSVR） model with multiple-kernel is proposed and the model is applied to the nonlinear separable system identification. This method utilizes the excellent nonlinear mapping ability of Morlet wavelet kernel function and combines the state and control variables information into a kernel matrix. Using the composite wavelet kernel, the LSSVR includes two nonlinear functions, whose variables are the state variables and the control ones respectively, in this way, the regression function can gain better nonlinear mapping ability, and it can simulate almost any curve in quadratic continuous integral space. Then, they are used to identify the two functions in the separable nonlinear dynamic system. Simulation results show that the multiple-kernel LSSVR method can greatly improve the identification accuracy than the single kernel method, and the Morlet wavelet kernel is more efficient than the other kernels.     

Structure at infinity revisited

The structure at infinity of an ordinary differential control system is a finite sequence of increasing integers ending with the differential output rank of the system, namely the number of outputs that can be given as arbitrary functions of time when the inputs are unknown. Its definition and construction, originally done for linear systems, has been extended to affine nonlinear systems and used in order to study dynamic decoupling or model matching. It essentially relies on a state representation. The purpose of this paper is to make a critical examination of this concept and to modify it in order to avoid the state representation. At the same time, we extend it to nonlinear partial differential control systems by exhibiting a link with formal integrability, a highly important concept in the formal theory of systems of partial differential equations that cannot be handled by means of a transfer matrix approach. Many explicit examples will illustrate the main results and the possibility to use computer algebra techniques will be pointed out.     

A geometric approach to nonlinear fault detection and isolation

We present a differential geometric approach to the problem of fault detection and isolation for nonlinear systems. A necessary condition for the problem to be solvable is derived in terms of an unobservability distribution, which is computable by means of suitable algorithms. The existence and regularity of such a distribution implies the existence of changes of coordinates in the state and in the output space which induce an “observable” quotient subsystem unaffected by all fault signals but one. For this subsystem, a fault detection filter is designed     

H/sup /spl infin// control and estimation with preview-part II: fixed-size ARE solutions in discrete time

H/sup /spl infin// preview control and fixed-lag smoothing problems are solved in general discrete time linear systems, via a reduction to equivalent open-loop differential games. To prevent high order Riccati equations, found in some solutions, the state of the Hamilton-Jacobi system resides in a quotient space of an auxiliary extended state space system. The dimension of that auxiliary space is equal to the state space dimension of the original system (ignoring the delay).     

Synchronization of two different chaotic systems using Legendre polynomials with applications in secure communications

In this study, a new controller for chaos synchronization is proposed. It consists of a state feedback controller and a robust control term using Legendre polynomials to compensate for uncertainties. The truncation error is also considered. Due to the orthogonal functions theorem, Legendre polynomials can approximate nonlinear functions with arbitrarily small approximation errors. As a result, they can replace fuzzy systems and neural networks to estimate and compensate for uncertainties in control systems. Legendre polynomials have fewer tuning parameters than fuzzy systems and neural networks. Thus, their tuning process is simpler. Similar to the parameters of fuzzy systems, Legendre coefficients are estimated online using the adaptation rule obtained from the stability analysis. It is assumed that the master and slave systems are the Lorenz and Chen chaotic systems, respectively. In secure communication systems, observer-based synchronization is required since only one state variable of the master system is sent through the channel. The use of observer-based synchronization to obtain other state variables is discussed. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed approach. A comparison with a fuzzy sliding mode controller shows that the proposed controller provides a superior transient response. The problem of secure communications is explained and the controller performance in secure communications is examined.