Analysis of nonlinear time-delay systems using modules over non-commutative rings

The theory of non-commutative rings is introduced to provide a basis for the study of nonlinear control systems with time delays. The left Ore ring of non-commutative polynomials defined over the field of meromorphic function is suggested as the framework for such a study. This approach is then generalized to a broader class of nonlinear systems with delays that are called generalized Roesser systems. Finally, the theory is applied to analyze nonlinear time-delay systems. A weak observability is defined and characterized, generalizing the well-known linear result. Properties of closed submodules are then developed to obtain a result on the accessibility of such systems.     

On analytic and algebraic observability of nonlinear delay systems

The observability of nonlinear delay systems has previously been defined in an algebraic setting by a rank condition on modules over noncommutative rings. We introduce an analytic definition of observability to ensure the local uniqueness of state and initial conditions that correspond to a given input-output behaviour. It is shown that an algebraically observable delay system can be reformulated as a system of ordinary differential equations. Analytic observability is then decided by the local uniqueness of solutions to a boundary value problem for this ODE system.     

Stability analysis of nonlinear quadratic systems via polyhedral Lyapunov functions

Quadratic systems play an important role in the modeling of a wide class of nonlinear processes (electrical, robotic, biological, etc.). For such systems it is mandatory not only to determine whether the origin of the state space is locally asymptotically stable, but also to ensure that the operative range is included into the convergence region of the equilibrium. Based on this observation, this paper considers the following problem: given the zero equilibrium point of a nonlinear quadratic system, assumed to be locally asymptotically stable, and a certain polytope in the state space containing the origin, determine whether this polytope belongs to the domain of attraction of the equilibrium. The proposed approach is based on polyhedral Lyapunov functions, rather than on the classical quadratic Lyapunov functions. An example shows that our methodology may return less conservative results than those obtainable with previous approaches.     

Strict Lyapunov functions for time-varying systems

Uniformly asymptotically stable periodic time-varying systems for which is known a Lyapunov function with a derivative along the trajectories non-positive and negative definite in the state variable on non-empty open intervals of the time are considered. For these systems, strict Lyapunov functions are constructed.     

Linear stabilizability of planar nonlinear systems

This paper considers scalar-input two-dimensional nonlinear systems for which the linearization, has a simple zero uncontrollable eigenvalue. The existence of linear stabilizing feedback laws is investigated, using center manifold techniques. This work was partially supported by the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, Italia (Progetti di ricerca, di interesse nazionale).     

Conditions for the existence of continuous storage functions for nonlinear dissipative systems

The problem of existence of continuous storage functions for dissipative nonlinear systems is considered. It is shown that, if a nonlinear system is dissipative in the state x_*, then, under certain assumptions, a continuous storage function can be constructed on a set of points accessible from x_* by concatenation of a finite number of forward and backward motions of the system. Most of these assumptions are weaker than certain controllability-type properties and can be checked using similar tests.     

Analysis of periodically forced bioreactors using nonlinear transfer functions

Nonlinearity is an underlying property of process systems that allows for time-average performance enhancement with periodic forcing of external parameters. One can use the well-known π-criterion to obtain a sufficient condition for optimal periodic operation, but it is valid only for weakly nonlinear systems with infinitesimal forcing amplitudes. Among such process systems, bioreactors often exhibit highly nonlinear dynamics, thus posing difficulties for a systematic analysis of their periodic operation. It becomes desirable to understand how inherent nonlinearities would contribute to performance improvement if periodic forcing is applied to such processes. This paper explores how nonlinear characteristics affect periodic process operation in the context of bioreactor systems. By taking advantage of iterated integrals and shuffle algebra, an analytical solution of a nonlinear bioprocess is approximated with the functional expansion method. The resulting Laplace-Borel transform of the nonlinear system facilitates the expression of the solution in the frequency domain based on the nonlinear transfer function. The method enables the separation of the transient dynamics and the stationary periodic behavior, facilitating the analysis of periodic operations and leading to a generalizable platform. Specifically, the optimal periodic operation problem is solved by finding the proper forcing amplitude and frequency to maximize the offset. Compared with the π-criterion, our method is proven to be globally valid for any forcing frequency and amplitude, so long as the process is globally stable.     

Hankel singular value functions from Schmidt pairs for nonlinear input–output systems

This paper presents three results in singular value analysis of Hankel operators for nonlinear input–output systems. First, the notion of a Schmidt pair is defined for a nonlinear Hankel operator. This makes it possible to define a Hankel singular value function from a purely input–output point of view and without introducing a state space setting. However, if a state space realization is known to exist then a set of sufficient conditions is given for the existence of a Schmidt pair, and the state space provides a convenient representation of the corresponding singular value function. Finally, it is shown that in a specific coordinate frame it is possible to relate this new singular value function definition to the original state space notion used to describe nonlinear balanced realizations.     

On the computation of convex robust control invariant sets for nonlinear systems

In this paper we provide a method to compute robust control invariant sets for nonlinear discrete-time systems. A simple criterion to evaluate if a convex set in state space is a robust control invariant set for a nonlinear uncertain system is presented. The criterion is employed to design an algorithm for computing a polytopic robust control invariant set. The method is based on the properties of DC functions, i.e. functions which can be expressed as the difference of two convex functions. Since the elements of a wide class of nonlinear functions have DC representation or, at least, admit an arbitrarily close approximation, the method is quite general. The algorithm requires relatively low computational resources.     

A new approach to the structure at infinity of nonlinear systems

Zeros at infinity for nonlinear systems are defined by using differential algebra. This approach can be viewed as a nonlinear generalization of Silverman's structure algorithm. The connection with the problem of inverting input-output systems is briefly described.     

电力系统微分代数模型耗散Hamilton实现

对非线性微分代数模型电力系统的耗散Hamilton实现问题进行了研究．首先提出了非线性微分代数系统的耗散Hamilton实现结构,给出了完成常值耗散Hamilton实现的充分条件;然后证明单机单负荷电力系统必然存在耗散Hamilton实现,并构造出系统的一个耗散Hamilton实现．     

Hybrid extended Fourier series for optimal control of nonlinear algebraic dynamical systems

The paper introduces a new method for finding optimal control of algebraic dynamic systems. The structure of algebraic dynamical systems is nonlinear with quadratic and bilinear terms. A new hybrid extended Fourier series is introduced, and state and control variables of the system are expanded by this series. Moreover, properties of new series are presented, and integration and product operational matrices are obtained. Using operational matrices, optimal control of the systems is converted to a set of simultaneous nonlinear algebraic relations. An illustrative example is included to compare our results with those in the literature.     

Attractors and partial stability of nonlinear dynamical systems

This paper represents a study of the key concepts of attracting sets (submanifolds) and partially stable systems aimed at establishing relations between the local properties and the unification of the methodologies of their analysis. The use of recent results of stability theory and techniques of geometric control enables one to generalize Lyapunov-like sufficient conditions and propose simplified solutions for the problems of set attractivity and partial stability.     

Generic nonlinear stabilization of systems with matching algebraic structure

The paper demonstrates that using algebraic methods for the construction of time varying stabilizing controls for general controllable systems which are affine in the control is not only computationally feasible, but delivers generic feedback laws. A single feedback control law can be stabilizing for all systems which have the same algebraic structure and also for systems that can be adequately approximated by this structure. The systems considered are not limited to those whose controllability Lie algebra is nilpotent or even finite dimensional. The stabilizing controls are constructed by the help of an open-loop control problem on an associated Lie group which is posed as a trajectory interception problem in the logarithmic coordinates of flows.     

Construction of control Lyapunov functions for damping stabilization of control affine systems

This paper considers the stabilization of nonlinear control affine systems that satisfy Jurdjevic–Quinn conditions. We first obtain a differential one-form associated to the system by taking the interior product of a non vanishing two-form with respect to the drift vector field. We then construct a homotopy operator on a star-shaped region centered at a desired equilibrium point that decomposes the system into an exact part and an anti-exact one. Integrating the exact one-form, we obtain a locally-defined dissipative potential that is used to generate the damping feedback controller. Applying the same decomposition approach on the entire control affine system under damping feedback, we compute a control Lyapunov function for the closed-loop system. Under Jurdjevic–Quinn conditions, it is shown that the obtained damping feedback is locally stabilizing the system to the desired equilibrium point provided that it is the maximal invariant set for the controlled dynamics. The technique is also applied to construct damping feedback controllers for the stabilization of periodic orbits. Examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method.     

求解非线性方程组的BFGS差分进化算法

针对差分进化算法进化后期收敛缓慢和稳定性不强的缺陷,将BFGS算法插入差分进化算法当中,提出了一种BFGS差分进化算法,用来求解非线性方程组。通过5个非线性方程组和一个工程实例的实验,说明：算法收敛精度较高、收敛速度较快、鲁棒性强、收敛成功率高,是一种较好的解决非线性方程组的方法。     

An observer for systems with nonlinear output map

A nonlinear observer, with the feedback gain weighted by the sensitivity of the output with respect to the state, is developed for systems with nonlinear output map. The observer can be obtained from the extended Kalman filter by a special choice of time-varying weighting matrices. It is shown that the estimation error dynamics are asymptotically stable and a region of attraction is derived. The observer is applied to the top blown converter process for estimating the content of impurities in the liquid metal. Using plant data from the converter at SSAB Oxelösund AB, the observer is shown to provide accurate estimates of the carbon content.     

Identification of nonlinear systems using a piecewise-linear Hammerstein model

In the paper a method for nonlinear system identification is proposed. It is based on a piecewise-linear Hammerstein model, which is linear in the parameters. The model and the identification algorithm are adapted to allow the parameter identification in the presence of a special form of the excitation signal. The identification method is derived from a recursive least-squares algorithm, which is properly adapted to take into account the proposed model structure and the properties of the identification signal. The applicability of the approach is illustrated by an example in which a discontinuous nonlinear static function is connected to a dynamic block.     

Global stabilization of MIMO minimum-phase nonlinear systems without strict triangular conditions

An extension of backstepping to a class of multivariable minimum-phase nonlinear systems is proposed. The systems are assumed to be in a special interlaced form which includes a lower triangular form as a special case. The extension involves the recursive application of backstepping and augmentation.