住房和城乡建设部等13部门联合启动城市居住社区建设补短板行动

<正>8月18日,住房城乡建设部等13部门联合印发《关于开展城市居住社区建设补短板行动的意见》(以下简称《意见》),要求以建设安全健康、设施完善、管理有序的完整居住社区为目标,以完善居住社区配套设施为着力点,大力开展居住社区建设补短板行动。到2025年,基本补齐既有居住社区设施短板,新建居住社区同步配建各类设施,城市居住社区环境明显改善,共建共治共享机制不断健全,全国地级及以上城市完整居住社区覆盖率显著提升。     

建设纪事

<正>住房和城乡建设部等13部门:开展城市居住社区建设补短板行动针对当前居住社区存在规模不合理、设施不完善、公共活动空间不足、物业管理覆盖面不高、管理机制不健全等突出问题和短板,住房和城乡建设部、教育部等13部门近日联合印发《关于开展城市居住社区建设补短板行动的意见》,要求以建设安全健康、设施完善、管理有序的完整居住社区为目标,以完善居住社区配套设施为着力点,大力开展居住     

城市生态居住社区环境研究

城市生态居住社区是城市生态建设的重要组成部分,其环境建设对社会可持续发展具有重要意义。论文阐述了城市生态居住社区的内涵和建设目标,提出了当前我国城市生态居住社区物质环境建设中的规划设计和住宅设计策略,并对城市生态居住社区的发展进行了展望。     

上海大型居住社区规划的实践和思考

上海新一轮以＂大基地建设＂实施保障性住房计划的规划工作,总结以往经验和教训,以科学发展观为指导,按照贯彻实施上海城市总体规划的目标要求,优化城市居住空间布局,完善住房供应结构,提高城市居住环境质量和水平。规划从指导思想上突破传统居住区概念,由＂大型居住基地＂转变为＂大型居住社区＂,突出城市社区的整体发展理念,突出社会和谐和以人为本的理念,在选址研究、规划编制和工作机制等方面不断进行探索和实践。     

城市高质量发展背景下完整居住社区实践初探

我国城镇化进程已进入下半场,城市从高速增长转向高质量发展阶段,人民群众对美好生活的需求和向往日益增长.而现阶段城市病问题突出,城市结构与功能有待优化,尤其作为城市居民生活和城市治理基本单元的居住社区存在诸多问题与短板.全国各地开展了居住社区建设补短板行动与完整居住社区建设工作.笔者结合国家层面完整居住社区的发展背景,梳理完整社区建设实践中出现的问题,通过对地方完整居住社区在政策机制保障、标准体系建设、管理机制构建和多元参与共建等方面实践案例的分析研究,提出对策建议,以期为后续加快推动完整居住社区建设工作提供经验做法与参考指导.     

城市更新行动下建设完整居住社区的研究

我国城市建设重心已经向重视城市运营和管理的城市更新方向转型,完整居住社区建设和城镇老旧小区改造一样,关乎民生改善和城市发展,有利于提升基层治理能力,是城市更新行动的重要任务和必要措施。现阶段推进完整居住社区建设的重点和难点在于城镇老旧小区改造,本文以杭州市大关西苑片区老旧小区改造构建完整居住社区为例,为当前完整居住社区建设提出创新策略和实践借鉴。     

居住空间分异视角下的老旧社区改造策略研究 ——以西安市纺织城三棉社区为例

随着我国社会结构转型,城市居住空间分异现象越来越严重,城市中大量存在的老旧社区活力缺失,成为阻碍社会稳定发展的不利因素.基于居住空间分异视角对西安市纺织城三棉社区进行空间分异研究,指出社区存在居民构成、建成空间与邻里关系3方面分异,并提出适老化改造、社区治理体系构建、云上社区打造的策略.     

浅析西安城市老年养老模式及居住环境体系

我国老龄化趋势日渐明显,老年居住环境建设与社会发展需求之间存在很大差距。本文旨在研究西安市老龄化社会特征,调查西安城市老年居住环境现状及存在问题;研究养老居住模式,提出居家养老与社区养老服务相结合,并以社会养老为辅的综合养老居住模式;从老年居住环境的规划布局、老年住宅、养老服务设施的配置等方面,初步构建西安城市老年居住环境体系的理论框架。     

高密度居住区背景下的社区绿道建设实践 与思考：以上海市甘泉社区绿道为例

高密度居住区是亚洲许多城市广泛采用的一种居住 模式,但普遍存在诸多社会与环境问题。社区绿道在高密度城 市居住区内扮演着重要角色,它将居民与开放空间、基础设施 相连接,为居民提供日常休闲活动场所,在缓解社会与环境问 题中起着重要作用。首先,辨析高密度居住区背景下社区绿道 的内涵和特点,总结社区绿道在提升邻里聚居环境、完善绿色 基础设施、激活社区文化空间等方面的作用;其次,以上海市 甘泉社区绿道为例,探讨城市高密度居住区中的社区绿道实 践;最后,总结思考未来城市高密度居住区社区绿道建设的实 践方向。     

论坛关注社区及社区发展的城市规划理念

作者通过对社区概念内涵的理论分析,以及一些成功经验的回顾,提出了关注社区及社区发展的城市规划理念的一些基本观点:重塑以人为中心的规划理念,注重完善社区功能;将社区作为规划师认识和理解城市的理论工具和方法;以促进社区形成和发展为目标建设居住空间环境;通过城市规划和社区建设的合作,使居住环境建设成为社区整合和社区发展的动力之一。     

Maintaining an Arm's Length? Housing,Community Governance and the Management of ‘Problematic’ Populations

This paper examines how contemporary social problems of community care, anti-social behaviour, ethnic and racial tensions and the housing of sex offenders are conceptualised in UK housing and urban policy. It explores how and why the populations of social housing areas disproportionately bear the risks arising from these social problems, and how the responses of these populations are subsequently problematised. The redefining of social landlords' roles in managing ‘problematic’ populations is explored, and similarities in the responses to social problems in both private and social housing developments are identified, based around parochial ‘community’ forms of governance. The paper concludes that the increasing secession of local housing governance from a ‘public’ model of provision increases the ‘subsidiarity of responsibility’ upon deprived populations for managing social problems, reflecting a wider imbalance in the societal distribution of risks.     

对生态健康居住小区规划设计的探析

分析了现代城市生态健康居住区的特征和理念,详细介绍了生态健康居住区规划设计的内容,结合生态健康住宅的含义及特征,阐述了生态健康住宅的设计方法,以指导生态健康居住小区的建设工作。     

Everyday life patterns and social segregation of expatriate women in globalizing Asian cities: cases of Shanghai and Seoul

Shanghai’s ‘planned’ and Seoul’s ‘evolved’ expatriate communities represent contrasting approaches to housing the highly skilled professionals and their families. The study shows how the two distinctive environments produce different spatial patterns in everyday life, and also how they affect the social segregation of the expatriate women in the two cities. Shanghai’s gated compound entails an introverted, self-contained lifestyle with little contact with the local people. Seoul’s naturally evolved community is integrated with local neighborhoods leading to the wider range of daily destinations and more everyday contact with local people. Although the inter-expat social relations appear stronger within Shanghai’s walled residential areas, the daily interaction with host city locals is more pronounced in Seoul’s mixed foreign quarters. The study suggests that, among expats and locals, residential form which allows small-scale, everyday routine social interactions may be more conducive to building a sense of community in increasingly globalizing Asian urban centers.     

Understanding traditional residential architecture in Anatolia

Traditional architecture and associated environments created by residential buildings provide an important focus of interest in contemporary Turkey.1 1. The main thesis of this article is based upon my paper ‘Traditional Residential Architecture in Anatolia’, presented to a seminar on Conservation and Rehabilitation of Half-Timber Structures, Ankara: METU, 1989 and the doctoral thesis submitted to METU, Faculty of Architecture, Program of Restoration in 1994. The concepts have, however, been revised according to more recent surveys. They are generally accepted as physical witnesses of the past to be preserved and studied. Continuity in the traditional characteristics of the social group living in these environments has been observed in many of the extant settlements in Turkey. The reciprocal relationship between the dwelling and its owners, or users, has led to a dual definition of the ‘traditional dwelling unit’: the social unit being the ‘family’, the architectural unit the ‘dwelling’. The existing, modest-scaled, traditional dwellings in Turkey, which constitute the subject of this study, were mostly constructed after the seventeenth century, but more recent buildings exhibiting similar characteristics are also covered by the term ‘traditional’.2 2. The concepts of ‘tradition’, ‘culture’, ‘vernacular’, ‘historical’, ‘regional’, ‘pre-industrial’, ‘popular’ and ‘folk’ fall outside the limits of this study. The term ‘traditional’ has been used throughout the text; the term ‘Ottoman’ has not been adopted due to its attribution to the 1923 constitution of the Turkish Republic — it cannot, consequently, be used as reference to the continuation of tradition, which is one of the main ‘givens’ of this study. A term referring to a geographical distribution of archetype under investigation has been sought. There is an important building stock incorporating similar architectural characteristics within contemporary political boundaries of other countries, such as Iran, Bulgaria, Greece, etc., which had once formed part of the Ottoman Empire. ‘Turkey’ has not been preferred for its reference to the political boundaries of the Republican era for the same reason. Instead, another geographical term ‘Anatolia’ is considered in a widened context throughout the text to refer to a more generic concept than it implies geographically. Anatolia is considered to be the land of origin on which many cultures have emerged, generated and spread to the affected lands throughout history. Furthermore, the concentration of this study focuses specifically on extant dwellings in Anatolia. Within the confines of the term ‘traditional residential architecture in Anatolia’, there are further limitations. The origin of traditional residential architecture in Anatolia, its typological evolution, its social, cultural and/or historical aspects are not the major concerns of this study, which focuses on existing examples. A limitation of the period covered by this study accords with the construction dates of extant buildings from the seventeenth century onwards. This is an open-ended period because of the continuity in ‘traditional’ aspects in many of the settlements. The concept of ‘privacy’ serves as the basis of evaluation in analysing the interrelation of any two units. The interface of two units can be defined as an hierarchy of privacy represented sociologically by the interrelations of person/family/neighbourhood relationships and architecturally through the interrelations of room/dwelling unit/street/neighbourhood.3 3. This dwelling unit was the subject of the studio course ARCH 405 in 1989—1990, Autumn semester. The project was supervised by the author and Res.Asst. Ertu?rul Morçöl; the students were Önder Kaya, Ufuk Serin, Murat Aya?, Deniz Kutay and Gül Vanl?. This approach will include a brief summary of some previous studies of traditional residential architecture (Fig. 1).     

‘Dig In’ to Social Capital: Community Gardens as Mechanisms for Growing Urban Social Connectedness

This article reports on research undertaken with members of a Melbourne urban community garden to explore the extent to which such a natural amenity provides opportunities for enhancing social capital. It is apparent even from this small qualitative study that membership of ‘Dig In’ community garden offers many benefits to its members. These benefits include increased social cohesion (the sharing of values enabling identification of common aims and the sharing of codes of behaviour governing relationships), social support (having people to turn to in times of crisis) and social connections (the development of social bonds and networks). However, the study indicates that, at least in the early stages of development, such benefits do not necessarily extend beyond the garden setting. This raises a question about the time required to develop high levels of social capital, and points to the need for further research into ‘time’ and ‘space’ aspects of community gardens.     

Cultivating the Field in the Global Hinterland: Community Building for Mass Housing in the Amazon Region

The large-scale residential settlements that have sprung up over the last decade to house migrants flocking to join Brazil's burgeoning rural industries are in urgent need of retrofitting with infrastructure and community facilities if they are to become sustainable. To this end, international urban design practice the BAÚ Collaborative has initiated the ‘Eden’ project – a participatory design process that involves state authorities, local NGOs, residents and social workers. Rainer Hehl , a cofounder of BAÚ, outlines the problem, the project, and its test-site: the mining town of Parauapebas.     

Parisian eco-districts: low energy and affordable housing?

This paper examines how policies and practices for affordable housing in Paris, especially ‘green’ housing for the poor, are being subverted to retain or attract the middle class: the ‘greentrification’ of lower-class neighbourhoods. From the 1960s onward, many middle- and working-class households have left Paris due to de-industrialization and the city’s high housing costs. To bring these middle classes back, the municipality initiated a policy calling for increased social diversity, using social housing as its main policy tool. In France the provision of public housing is legally mandated, and compared with international standards, the income ceilings for gaining access to it are high. Thus, municipalities may pursue urban renovation and construct social housing for the middle class to replace substandard buildings occupied by low-income populations. The Paris municipality has established ‘green’ residential eco-districts known as ‘eco-quartiers’. In the national eco-district programme, the neighbourhoods must meet environmental performance criteria, show potential for economic development, and provide social and functional diversity. Thus, housing location and price must fit the needs of the existing residents. However, most ‘green’ subsidized housing in Paris is for the middle class. Social diversity has become a means of redistribution: more middle class and fewer poor people.     

The experience of homeless women: An exploration of housing histories and the meaning of home

The exploratory study with homeless women presented in this paper aims to highlight two shortcomings in the current literature on homelessness, which accompany the predominant conceptualisation of ‘home’ as a place of safety and security, and homelessness as a primarily structural issue characterised by ‘residential instability’. The first is the paucity of research on homeless women in their own right and the second the lack of studies which examine underlying reasons for residential instability from homeless women's own perspectives. An intensive, small sample interview study was carried out with 12 regular women users of a day centre for homeless people (Brighton, south of England). They were asked about their patterns of residence, reasons for moving, definitions of ‘house’, ‘home’, and ‘ideal home’, and they gave their housing histories in some detail. In a quantitative analysis, their patterns of moving and definitions of ‘home’ were compared to those of a group of securely housed women. Number of moves was comparable in both groups, but for the homeless women the majority of moves had been made to avoid abuse and social services relocations. Whilst all of the securely housed women could confidently define a difference in meaning between a ‘house’ and a ‘home’, only 3 of the 12 homeless women did. They equated ‘home’ with safety and security, the same terms used in the literature to define what housing means, and the two most salient features largely absent in homeless women's experience of housing. The meaning of home is further explored in a qualitative analysis, where the themes of safety and security—or rather their absence in abusive relationships—are traced through the homeless women's childhood, adolescence and adulthood. These exploratory findings question an easy equation between ‘residential instability’ and homelessness, and highlight the need to investigate further the reasons why women leave housing, and the relationship this has to an understanding of what ‘home’ means. Whilst current formulations suggest that the homelessness of women is a problem, and housing the solution, this study suggests that housing is the problem—homelessness may well be a solution.     

从美孚新邨解读香港住宅文化

美孚新邨位于九龙荔枝角美孚石油库旧址,其规划运用了当代欧美对于未来城市＂生态社区＂的概念,同时又融入香港住宅建筑发展的风格,有着充分的地区文化的代表性,对现代住宅建筑亦有很大的启发意义。     

The blight of beautification: Bangkok and the pursuit of class-based urban purity

‘Beautification’ is often invoked as a justification for forms of urban reorganization that threaten existing ways of life and ignore the aesthetic values and social needs of poorer residents. The case of Bangkok, dramatically exemplified by the official campaign to evict the community of Pom Mahakan, shows how little attention is paid either to the social problems that such modernist uses of ‘tradition’ are likely to cause or to the vernacular architecture that is being destroyed in the name of ‘development’ and of a harshly selective conservation regime. The future of Bangkok’s vernacular past looks decidedly bleak.