气液搅拌槽内气泡尺寸与局部气含率的CFD模拟

采用在欧拉-欧拉双流体模型的基础上耦合气泡数密度（BND）函数模型,引入气泡破碎和聚并函数,对双层组合桨气液搅拌槽内的气泡尺寸和局部气含率进行了计算流体力学（CFD）模拟,同时采用双电导电极探针法对搅拌槽内局部气液分散特性进行了实验测量,并和CFD模拟结果进行了对比.结果表明：较高通气量条件下搅拌槽内气泡尺寸和局部气含率分布很不均匀,气泡尺寸在叶轮排出流区较小,且沿着排出流方向逐渐增大;在两桨间区域和上层桨以上区域气泡以聚并为主;局部气含率在循环涡涡心、叶轮和挡板后部较高,叶片后部存在明显气穴.     

射流搅拌发酵罐自由射流气泡区的气泡直径和气含率研究

研究了气速、清液层高度、混合器尺寸和倾斜度等因素对射流搅拌发酵罐自由射流气泡区的气含率与气泡直径的影响。由理论分析与实验数据关联了气含率、气泡直径与气速、清液层高度、混合器尺寸和倾斜角度等之间的关系。关联式与实验数据吻合较好。     

气液鼓泡床中气含率的实验研究

采用差压变送器测不同高度的床层塌落曲线 ,提出了根据此曲线计算大小气泡含率的新方法 ,研究了直径 2 84mm的鼓泡床反应器中表观气速、表面张力、床层静液高度和分布器对气含率的影响。结果表明 ,在不同表面张力条件下 ,气含率随表观气速升高而升高 ;气含率随表面张力升高而降低 ,从能量角度解释了鼓泡床中气含率随表面张力升高而降低的动力学原因 ,并得出了气泡聚并的能量公式 ,将此公式应用于系统压力、温度对气含率的影响 ,得出了与前人实验一致的结论 ;指出了床层内分布板区的存在 ,且分布器不同 ,分布板区高度及分布板气含率也随之变化 ;静液高度不同 ,床层内的平均气含率变化很小 ,并根据分布板区体积占整个床层体积比例很小对其进行解释     

正丁醇和表观气速对外环流反应器内气泡特征的影响

用双探针电导探头测量了外环流反应器内空气-水和空气-正丁醇水溶液体系中气含率、气泡平均（Sauter）直径、气泡上升速度、气泡尺寸分布以及气液相界面积．考察正丁醇浓度和气速对流型和气泡特征的影响规律,用流体动力学理论和聚并机理对其进行分析．得到实验条件下正丁醇水溶液浓度影响气含率的临界浓度Ccrit.     

垂直两相流中流体力学特性的研究

在ＦＡＩ５０ｍｍ，实验段高度２０００ｍｍ的环流装置中，以空气─水为物系，采用目测法确定了流型，压差法测定了平均气含率，由线性回归处理，获得了计算气含率的关联式。同时，采用“扰动─响应”技术测算了液体轴向返混系数。结果表明，在本实验条件下，气液并流向下与气液并流向上相比，流体力学特性有明显差异。     

声场对气固流化床气泡动力学特性的影响

气泡行为对气固流化床的流体力学特性和热质传递特性起着决定性作用,气泡的动力学特性是气固鼓泡流化床反应器模拟计算及设计放大的重要参数.将声场引入传统流化床,利用声波能量促进颗粒运动和气泡破碎,以改变气泡的动力学行为,从而达到改善床层流化状态,强化传热传质的目的.因此,研究声波对气泡动力学特性的影响是把握声场流化床的关键....     

非牛顿流体在气升式反应器中的流动特性

以非牛顿型流体在气升式内环流反应器中流动性特性为研究对象，考察了在气－液－固三相体系中气信心经和液体循环速度随不同的表观气速固体颗粒粒径和浓度、设备结构尺寸的变化规律。对实验数据进行回归处理得到气含率和循环速度的经验关联式，并对非牛顿型流体和牛顿型流体在同一反应器中中的流动特性作了比较。     

环流反应器的气含率研究

在一个带有分离和扩大箱的气升式环流反应器中，气速为０－０．１４ｍ／ｓ，以空气水为体系，对上升管和下降管的气含率随操作气速和分离箱中静液高度的变化规律进行了研究，并对上升管气含率与操作气还进行了关联在。结果表明，上升管气含率随表现气速的增加而增加，与分离箱中静液高度无关。     

管式布风流化床密相区气固流动特性数值模拟

为了研究新型管式布风流化床密相区气固流动特性，对流化床内流动特性进行了数值模拟.运用基于颗粒动力学理论的欧拉－欧拉气固多相流模型和PC-SIMPLE算法，模拟得到了床内密相区不同工况条件下的气固流动特性，分析了气泡生成、长大和破灭过程，同时讨论了布风管小孔风速和管节距对流化质量的影响.计算结果表明：管式布风流化床具有内循环流化床的气固流动特性，气泡的生成初期具有一定的对称性质，在气泡长大到一定大小的时候，相邻的气泡会发生融合现象，减小布风管小孔风速或增加布风管的横向间距可能造成床层中间部分床料流化质量不高.     

气-固环隙流化床纳米TiO_2聚团的流化特性

在高640 mm,内外径分别为140 mm和180 mm的环隙流化床反应器内,选用平均粒径为20～30 nm的TiO2催化剂P25进行冷态流化实验。运用预测颗粒粒径模型,应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT 6.2对流化床内床层局部固含率和压降进行了模拟计算。模拟结果显示:气体进入分布板之后呈螺旋状上升;环隙流化床内径向局部固含率分布呈现W形状,而且局部固含率随着床层高度的增高而增大。模拟结果与实验数据基本一致,说明纳米TiO2催化剂颗粒在环隙流化床中以微米级的聚团形式流化。     

Flotation bubble seed image filling algorithm based on boundary point features

Bubble seed image filling is an important prerequisite for the image segmentation of flotation bubble that can be used to improve flotation automatic control. These common image filling algorithms in dealing with complex bubble image exists under-filling and over-filling problems. A new filling algorithm based on boundary point feature and scan lines (PFSL) is proposed in the paper. The filling algorithm describes these boundary points of image objects by means of chain codes. The features of each boundary point, including convex points, concave points, left points and right points, are defined by the point’s entrancing chain code and leaving chain code. The algorithm firstly finds out all double-matched boundary points based on the features of boundary points, and fill image objects by these double-matched boundary points on scan lines. Experimental results of bubble seed image filling show that under-filling and over-filling problem can be eliminated by the proposed algorithm.     

房地产投机泡沫测度实证研究

分析了房地产泡沫的成因,基于投机的房地产泡沫理论,建立房地产价格的回归模型,并在此基础上,建立了房地产投机泡沫测度的计量模型.然后,运用该模型对我国房地产市场进行投机泡沫测度研究,结果表明我国房地产市场在整体上并不存在泡沫,但已处在泡沫的边缘.最后,对社会上普遍存在的泡沫论观点进行了分析,指出我国房地产投资与宏观经济指标出现了脱节,存在过度投资,并不是泡沫,从而也支持了投机测度模型的结论.     

A two-dimensional numerical model coupled with multiple hillslope hydrodynamic processes and its application to subsurface flow simulation

A numerical hillslope hydrodynamic model is of great importance in facilitating the understanding of rainfall-runoff mechanism.However,most of the currently existing models do not consider the effect of coupled hydrodynamic processes as runoff,subsurface flow or groundwater flow.In this study,the Tsinghua Hillslope Runoff Model based on multiple hydrodynamic process,THRM model,is developed,which couples with Saint Venant equation for surface runoff and Richards equation for variably saturated soil water movement(including subsurface flow and groundwater flow).A finite difference scheme with improved boundary conditions is adopted in this research.It is revealed from the simulation that the THRM model has a high computational efficiency and stability in simulating subsurface flow of the experimental hillslope,which is valuable in assessing the hillslope runoff generation mechanism.A model based sensitivity analysis is also carried out.The impact of boundary condition,grid size and initial soil moisture on simulation result and model stability are revealed,which provides insightful references to understand the mechanism of subsurface flow.     

Trajectory Simulation for Underwater Vehicle with Power-Lunched

The motion of combustion gas bubble produced by underwater ignition was developed based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Combining the bubble motion equation with the underwater launched vehicle motion equation in the longitudinal plane, a trajectory simulation model with power-launched was established. The hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater ignition at different depths and the trajectory analysis of the underwater vehicle with power-launched were given by simulation. The simulation results have a good agreement with experimental results, and show that the thrust peak caused by underwater ignition and the stable thrust both decrease slightly with the increase of the water depth, and the thrust peak will decline obviously by enlarging the initial radius of gas bubble; the thrust peak generated at the instant of ignition and the low-frequency oscillation of the stable thrust have no significant influence on the trajectory of underwater vehicle.     

超空泡射弹尾翼流体动力特性实验分析

为研究尾翼对超空泡流型发展及射弹流体动力的影响,在高速水洞中进行了通气条件下的超空泡射弹尾翼流体动力特性实验.首先基于高速水洞搭建了通气空化绕流实验测试系统,同时根据射弹基本外形,按照相似理论设计了尾翼测力实验模型,为改变空泡壁面与尾翼的相对位置关系,用以研究穿刺高度对射弹尾翼流体动力特性的影响,实验中采用调整空泡尺寸或模型安装姿态来改变尾翼穿刺高度,最后对实验方案的合理性进行了充分的论证.通过改变测试工况对超空泡射弹尾翼的流体动力特性开展实验研究,得到了不同穿刺条件下尾翼对空泡流型的影响规律及其流体动力特性.研究结果表明:尾翼穿刺空泡以后,在其顶部和侧面生成的二次空泡将显著改变主体空泡的形态,且随着穿刺高度的增加,尾翼对主体空泡的影响更加明显;尾翼的流体动力主要产生于前缘沾湿部位,且随着穿刺高度的增加升力系数和阻力系数均显著增加;在尾翼穿刺空泡的条件下,其阻力系数和升力系数随攻角的增大而线性增加.     

泡沫铝制备中析液过程的微观－宏观数值研究

通过微元管内流动模型研究液态金属熔体泡沫体内单条Plateau边界内析液过程中的速度场.分析不同牛顿表面粘度,即不同的气液界面运动能力(无量纲参数M)条件下,Plateau边界内速度的分布.结果显示,在相同的气液界面运动能力和曲率半径条件下,泡沫体内固壁处Plateau边界内速度约是内部Plateau边界内速度的6～8倍,从而解释不同容器内泡沫体析液速率的差异现象;发现M存在一个临界值,在此值的两边,液膜厚度与曲率半径的比值对Plateau边界内速度的影响呈现出相反的趋势.进而利用微观计算结果建立了泡沫体的整体宏观析液模型,将模型计算结果和经典析液方程计算结果及实验值作了比较,结果表明,模型计算结果与实验值在泡沫层上部、中部吻合较好,M值和气泡大小对析液过程有显著影响.     

液压泵气穴故障分析

文章分析了液压泵产生气穴的原因,指出了检测与判断方法,提出了预防措施,并给出典型故障实例.     

High-speed photographic observation of collapse of two cavitation bubbles

Cavitation as a hydrodynamic phenomenon exists widely in water conservancy, shipbuilding, chemical and many other industries. Previous cavitation bubble dynamic studies mainly focused on single cavitation bubbles and their interaction with the wall. This paper studies the interaction between two cavitation bubbles under conditions with or without a wall. The results show that if the inception of two cavitation bubbles is not synchronized, the cavitation bubble of early inception collapse backwards the cavitation bubble of later inception; if the inception of two cavitation bubbles is synchronized, the two bubbles collapse towards each other; if a wall exists nearby, no matter whether the line connecting the centers of the two cavitation bubbles is vertical or parallel to the wall, the two cavitation bubbles collapse towards each other and then gradually merge, and the merged collapse body quickly moves to the wall. It is suggested that, as the number of cavitation bubbles increases, the cavitation erosion effect is not simply increased proportionally. Instead, mutual inhibitory effect may be demonstrated.