前景广阔的新型化学电源—燃料电池

介绍了燃料电池的基本概念和工作原理,综述了发达国家碱性燃料电池、磷酸型燃料电池,熔融碳酸盐型燃料电池,固体氧化物型燃料电池和聚合物电解质型燃料电池的开发研究概况和发展趋势,提出了我国燃料电池的具体建议。     

低温燃料电池催化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来低温燃料电池,如质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）和直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）催化剂的研究进展,着重介绍了近年来出现的几种制备高分散和高活性的燃料电池催化剂的新技术和新方法,以及关于低Pt和非Pt催化剂的研究情况,简要介绍了关于燃料电池催化剂基础研究方面的情况。     

直接甲酸燃料电池研究进展

直接甲酸燃料电池是近年来出现的一类新型燃料电池.本文从直接甲酸燃料电池的原理、阳极和阴极催化剂、小型直接甲酸燃料电池电池堆的研究开发等几个方面,对直接甲酸燃料电池的国内外研究现状进行了较为系统的介绍,并指出了直接甲酸燃料电池目前的发展遇到的困难及挑战.     

车用氢燃料电池技术现状及发展方向

综述了燃料电池分类和质子交换膜电池原理与结构,介绍了车用氢燃料电池关键部件材料应用与发展,分析了车用燃料电池的应用瓶颈和发展趋势。     

以天然气为原料的燃料电池分布式供能技术路径研究

以天然气为原料的燃料电池分布式供能已经成为分布式能源发展的新趋势之一。基于不同种类燃料电池的工作原理和特点,总结了4种典型的燃料电池分布式供能技术路径,对每种路径的工艺特点和应用案例进行了分析,梳理了目前仍有待解决的问题,对燃料电池分布式供能未来的发展提出建议。结论认为4种燃料电池供能路径技术上都有可行性,燃料电池供能效率明显高于传统供能模式,小微型家用燃料电池分布式可采用PEFC和SOFC,MCFC和SOFC更适合基荷性连续运行的大、中型电站。     

燃料电池的制造方法

正本发明提供了一种制造燃料电池的方法,该燃料电池能够有效地去除其阳极和阴极的有机物。制造燃料电池的方法,包括准备燃料电池的准备阶段和从燃料电池中去除有机物的去除阶段。准备阶段准备的燃料电池包括多个单元电池,每个单元电池包括聚合物电解质和催化剂层。去除阶段包括:第一步保持燃料电池的电压为0伏使有机物从催化剂层解析出来,第二步升高燃料电池内的温度蒸发解析     

直接甲醇燃料电池

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池的原理、结构,并与发展较早的氢气燃料电池进行优劣比较。针对近期商业化便携式燃料电池的技术指标,主要讨论了直接甲醇燃料电池在性能和成本上的现状和问题,并着重阐述了阳极催化剂和电解质膜（决定其性能的两个关键因素）的研发进展。     

燃料电池的发展趋势及应用前景综述

分析探讨燃料电池的发展趋势及应用前景,为未来燃料电池的发展提出了思考和建议。方法:在参考国内外30余篇最新有关阴极材料研究的基础上,对燃料电池的结构原理、类型、发展现状等进行了简要概述。主要综述了燃料电池的分类,工作原理,研究现状和产业化发展中存在的问题等。最后,对燃料电池的应用前景进行了分析。燃料电池因其能量转换率高、安全环保等特点,对于未来的社会和经济将起到重要的支撑和保障作用,有广阔的应用前景。     

直接甲醇燃料电池

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池的原理、结构,并与发展较早的氢气燃料电池进行优劣比较。针对近期商业化便携式燃料电池的技术指标,主要讨论了直接甲醇燃料电池在性能和成本上的现状和问题,并着重阐述了阳极催化剂和电解质膜(决定其性能的两个关键因素)的研发进展。     

氢燃料电池用于发电技术的研究现状

综述了氢燃料电池的发电技术背景,论述了氢燃料电池中氢气的来源有煤制氢、天然气制氢、工业副产氢和电解水制氢,并调研了目前氢燃料电池的应用方向,从技术水平、安全运营及绿色环保等角度,分析了国内外氢燃料电池发电技术的优势特征和应用现状。最后从电池性能、生产成本和能源利用率等方面对氢燃料电池发电技术的发展作出展望。     

Alkaline Fuel Cells

Alkaline fuel cells may become an important element in pollution free energy conversion. In the literature most papers in the field of low temperature fuel cells are concerned with polymer electrolyte fuel cells. However, there are still a lot of research groups and companies working on alkaline fuel cells. The advantages and disadvantages of AFCs are presented. The main technical problems are solved. It can be concluded, due to work carried out at DLR, that carbon dioxide poisoning of electrodes from rolled DLR electrodes does not take place. These investigations demonstrate that AFCs are highly efficient cells for portable and stationary applications.     

Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio on the emission of hydrocarbons from a SI engine. 2. Formation pathways and modelling of combustion processes

A spark ignition engine was used to study the impact of fuel composition and of the air/fuel equivalence ratio on exhaust emissions of specific hydrocarbons. The fuel blends used contained eight main hydrocarbons and four oxygenated compounds. The identification of each exhaust pollutant fuel precursor is already done. After this identification, several models correlating the exhaust concentration of these pollutants with the fuel composition are presented on each air/fuel equivalence ratio. Based on the above findings, the main formation paths for the formation of each exhaust pollutant are proposed.     

Review of Applications of Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes and Epoxy/CNT Composites

In this review, an overview of polymer and carbon nanotube composite is presented with special emphasis on their applications in technical fields. The general applications of polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite in actuators, sensors, sporting goods, and so on have been discussed. In addition, special features of epoxy and epoxy/carbon nanotube composites were discussed in detail. Enhancement in the characteristic features of epoxy matrix with the incorporation of carbon nanotube has been observed. Consequently, the main focus of the review is on applications of epoxy/carbon nanotube composites in different fields such as aerospace, automobiles, fuel cells, radar-absorbing material, wind turbine blades, and electromagnetic interface shielding.     

Residential Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Generator Fuelled by Ethanol: Cell,Stack and System Modelling with a Preliminary Experiment

The flexibility and feasibility of a 5 kW SOFC generator designed for natural gas (NG) and fuelled by a non‐conventional liquid fuel such as ethanol is analysed. A complete generator model is implemented to predict and determine the main criticalities when ethanol fuel is adoperated. The main balance‐of‐plant (BoP) units considered are the reformer, the recirculation system based on an ejector, the tubular cells bundles constituting the stack unit, the after‐burner zone and the air blower. The electrical and global efficiencies achieved at nominal operating conditions show how ethanol maintains generator performance good, while only slightly reducing the system AC efficiency from 48% (achieved by NG) to 45%. The effectiveness and flexibility of the recirculation system when changing the fuel is also verified since a safe steam‐to‐carbon ratio (STCR) is established after the fuel is switched from NG ethanol. The stack thermal management is analysed in detail and related to the system performances, showing how a high endothermic fuel reforming reaction is required to maintain the overall system efficiency. A preliminary experiment with ethanol feeding the Siemens generator is finally presented. The system response to the new fuel is monitored by several measured parameters and the system regulation is explained.     

直接醇类燃料电池工作原理及研究进展

综述了直接醇类燃料电池的工作原理及最新进展,简述了此类电池存在的主要问题及关键技术,对发展质子交换膜和电催化剂技术提出了建议。     

质子交换膜燃料电池研究进展

介绍了燃料电池的工作原理及目前世界上主要燃料电池的主要特性;综述了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的主要基础研究进展;简单介绍了PEMFC关键部件的研究方向。     

燃料电池的研究与应用

介绍了燃料电池的研究和发展历史、燃料电池的工作原理、特点及分类。详细分析和论述了国内外燃料电池的研发现状、应用及发展前景,并对燃料电池研究领域存在的问题进行了探讨。     

Utilization of Nafion<Superscript>®</Superscript>/conducting polymer composite in the PEM type fuel cells

The present study focuses on the problem of using conducting polymers (CPs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology. It covers the electrocatalytic properties of the CP/Pt composite, permeability of the CP film for H₂, fixation of the compact CP film on the top of the Nafion^® membrane and first results of its utilization in a fuel cell. The present results did not confirm a previously reported increase in CP/Pt composite electrocatalytic activity when compared to the commercially available carbon supported catalysts. The main reason seems to be the very low permeability of the compact CP film for the fuel. This may be an advantage with respect to the minimization of fuel cross-over, which is a serious problem in the direct methanol fuel cell. On the other hand, it represents a serious danger in water management of the fuel cell. This fact has been recognized and alternative solutions are presented.     

On the Catalytic Degradation in Fuel Cell Power Supplies for Long‐Life Mobile Field Sensors

Important tasks such as environment monitoring require field devices such as sensors that can operate for long durations. Current power supply technologies such as batteries limit many applications. Fuel cells are a promising alternative to batteries because they can have much higher energy densities. However, their lives may be short due to catalyst degradation. Here, a simplified model of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalyst degradation is applied to small fuel cells. The model focuses on the combined effects of catalyst dissolution and migration. The effect of migration on catalyst degradation is found to be substantial and this has not been accounted for in previous models. The model considers the effect of field conditions such as varying power demands, temperature and humidity, and predicts the catalyst life of the fuel cell and its power output. The predicted life is a proposed metric that can quantify the relative importance and effect of field conditions on the catalyst particularly for the design and control of fuel cell power supplies. Experiments are presented that support the model. This model is applied to a study on field sensors and results suggests unless PEM fuel cells are isolated from damaging field conditions, they will have short lives.     

Design and Validation of a 2 kW‐Fuel Cell Test Bench for Subfreezing Studies

This paper presents the design and validation of a 2 kW fuel cell test bench for subfreezing studies. The test bench is designed to study the influence of different operational parameters on the cold start of fuel cell. Thus, the effects of ambient temperature, gas and coolant flow rates, current density and fuel cell impedance can be investigated. For cold start experiments, the apparatus is designed to reproduce the environment of a fuel cell in a vehicle parked in a subzero environment. Therefore, the test bench is divided into two parts: the fuel cell, its coolant circuit and main sensors are located in a climatic chamber while the main part of the test bench is at room temperature. The different parts of the test bench are described and validation results are presented. The heat exchange between the fuel cell coolant circuit and the environment is computed using parameters estimation techniques. The power requested to heat the coolant circuit to a given temperature is computed.