Effects of the cross-phase modulation on the propagation of femtosecond optical pulses in photonic crystal fibers

The propagation of two femtosecond pulses in the region with minimum group-velocity dispersion, influenced by the cross-phase modulation (XPM) in photonic crystal fiber (PCF), is investigated in this paper. The adaptive split-step Fourier method is used to simulate the generalized nonlinear Schr?dinger equations (GNSE). The numerical results show that the combination of the Raman scattering and XPM can make the spectrum and the pulse shape changed, inducing the pulse compression and supercontinuum generation. The Raman effect from molecular vibrations, which can make the pulse spectrum in anomalous-dispersion region to be more symmetrical, is also discussed.     

光子晶体光纤中高阶色散和非线性对压缩脉冲对的影响

数值模拟了光子晶体光纤中波长位于反常色散区的高阶孤子泵浦脉冲与波长在正常色散区的信号脉冲通过交叉相位调制作用,产生的压缩脉冲对.首先讨论了在高阶色散影响下,飞秒脉冲基于交叉相位作用,弱脉冲产生的压缩脉冲对不再保持对称不变,产生蓝移.此外,考虑高阶非线性效应的影响,飞秒信号脉冲从正常色散区频移到反常色散区,产生的压缩脉冲由两个演变成一个,受拉曼红移影响较大,同时脉冲的峰值功率显著增加.     

Spectrally Sliced Pulse Source Based on Supercontinuum Generation in Dispersion-Flattened Photonic Crystal Fiber

Designed is dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber（PCF） with small normal dispersion for generating flat wideband supercontinuum （SC）, and demonstrated is spectrally sliced pulse source which utilizes supereontinuum generated in dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber. The results show that the fiber characterized by flattened dispersion with small normal dispersion is suitable for flat wideband supercontinuum generation. In the process of spectral broadening, self-phase modulation plays a dominant role. By filtering the supercontinuum, multi-wavelength pulses can be obtained over a wide spectral range.     

大模场光子晶体光纤中超连续谱的产生与控制

探索利用大模场光子晶体光纤产生大功率、高光束质量的超连续谱。采用分步傅里叶方法求解广义非线性薛定谔方程(GNLSE), 模拟了光脉冲在大模场光子晶体光纤中非线性传输和超连续谱的产生过程。着重分析了光子晶体光纤长度和抽运脉冲的峰值功率、啁啾等对超连续谱产生的影响, 讨论了大模场光子晶体光纤中光谱的非线性展宽机制。发现可将超连续谱产生过程分为初始展宽、剧烈展宽和饱和展宽三个阶段。合理选择光纤长度, 使产生的超连续谱处于剧烈展宽阶段时输出, 既能够得到较宽的光谱, 又能够保证较高的效率。抽运峰值功率对超连续谱的产生有重要影响, 当输入功率较小时, 脉冲的频谱成对称展宽, 仅有自相位调制(SPM)效应起作用, 其他高阶效应的影响都很弱。随着脉冲功率的增加, 频谱短波方向变化较小, 光谱向长波方向展宽。同时, 脉冲时域出现振荡调制, 振荡的起因与光波分裂现象有关。抽运光初始啁啾对超连续谱的产生也有重要影响。当啁啾为正时, 啁啾量的大小对产生超连续谱的影响较小, 蓝移方向基本没有影响, 而红移部分能量随着啁啾量的增大向长波方向转移, 超连续谱总的宽度变化较小; 当啁啾为负且满足一定条件时, 其中的非线性作用得到增强, 有利于光谱展宽。     

Numerical study on pulse trapping in birefringent photonic crystal fibers

Using an adaptive split-step Fourier method,the coupled nonlinear Schrdinger equations have been numerically solved in this paper.The nonlinear propagation of an ultrashort optical pulse in the birefringent photonic crystal fibers is investigated numerically.It is found that the phenomenon of pulse trapping occurs when the incident pulse is deviating from the principal axis of the fiber with some angle.Owing to the birefringence effect,the incident pulse can be regarded as two orthogonal polarized pulses.The phenomenon of pulse trapping occurs because of the cross phase modulation(XPM) between the two components.As a result,the bandwidth of the supercontinuum(SC) decreases compared with the case that the incident pulse is input along the principal axis.When the polarization direction of the incident pulse is parallel to the fast axis,the bandwidth of the supercontinuum is maximal.     

飞秒脉冲在高非线性光纤中产生超连续谱的特性研究

采用分步傅里叶方法,对飞秒脉冲在高非线性光纤中超连续谱的形成过程进行了研究,分析了脉冲峰值功率,脉冲宽度及初始频率啁啾对超连续谱特性的影响.结果表明,脉冲峰值功率、脉冲宽度以及初始啁啾对超连续谱的形成有着极其重要的影响;当脉冲峰值功率逐渐增大,超连续谱随之愈宽(-20dB处谱宽从170nm展宽到400nm以上),平坦度愈好.与之相反,脉冲宽度逐渐增大,超连续谱展宽范围减小,其平坦度也逐渐劣化;初始负啁啾有利于脉冲SC谱的展宽而正啁啾使脉冲SC谱的展宽受到一定抑制.进一步研究表明,适当的峰值功率超短啁啾脉冲在高非线性光纤传输时,得到没有泵浦成份残余的超宽且平坦超连续谱.     

Simulation investigation on supercontinuum generation and noise characteristics in the normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber with a flattened dispersion profile

The propagation of picosecond pulses in the normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber(PCF) with a flattened dispersion profile is numerically investigated.The characteristics of the amplitude and phase noise in the supercontinuum generation(SCG) are also analyzed through the coherent sliced supercontinuum(SC).The effects of self-phase modulation(SPM) and four-wave mixing(FWM) on broadening of the pulse spectrum are presented,and the best amplitude and phase noise performance with a specific fiber length is o...     

高阶效应对微结构光纤中超连续谱产生的影响

采用分布傅立叶方法求解了广义非线性薛定谔方程（GNSE）,数值模拟了飞秒激光脉冲在微结构光纤中的非线性传输和超连续谱的产生,详细分析了脉冲拉曼散射、自陡峭效应以及三阶色散对超连续光谱产生的影响。分析结果表明：超短脉冲在微结构光纤中传输时出现孤子自频移现象,同时也发现脉冲内拉曼散射和自相位调制的联合作用导致高阶孤子分裂,光谱得到极大展宽,在时域中出现两个滞后的拉曼孤子,三阶色散和自陡效应对光谱的形状影响较小,起着与脉冲内拉曼散射相反的作用,自陡效应比三阶色散效应对光脉冲的影响大一些。     

1.55-μm supercontinuum based on dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber

A dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber with normal dispersion is designed for generating flat wideband supercontinuum, and the supercontinuum generation in this fiber is numerically analyzed. The results show that by appropriately designing the photonic crystal fiber, it can achieve flattened dispersion in the normal dispersion region. It is found that a fiber characterized by a flattened dispersion with a small normal dispersion is suitable for a flat wideband supercontinuum generation. In the process of spectral broadening, self-phase modulation effect plays a dominant role. By filtering the supercontinuum, pulses with different central wavelength over a wide spectral range can be obtained. The pulse width is determined by the bandwidth of the filter.     

1.55-μm supercontinuum based on dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber

A dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber with normal dispersion is designed for generating flat wideband supercontinuum, and the supercontinuum generation in this fiber is numerically analyzed. The results show that by appropriately designing the photonic crystal fiber, it can achieve flattened dispersion in the normal dispersion region. It is found that a fiber characterized by a flattened dispersion with a small normal dispersion is suitable for a flat wideband supercontinuum generation. In the process of spectral broadening, self-phase modulation effect plays a dominant role. By filtering the supercontinuum, pulses with different central wavelength over a wide spectral range can be obtained. The pulse width is determined by the bandwidth of the filter.     

光子晶体光纤中频率啁啾对超连续谱的影响

基于光子晶体光纤(PCF)中脉冲演变遵循的非线性演化方程,用数值方法研究了反常色散情形下PCF中脉冲初始啁啾对超连续谱产生的影响,探讨了利用脉冲啁啾控制超连续谱产生的方法。结果表明：正、负啁啾均使谱展宽的速率变小,尤其是负啁啾情形,展宽速率更小,说明啁啾对谱展宽是不利的;在一定的初始条件下,光谱展宽存在一个最佳光纤长度,在这个长度处,光谱展宽最大,进一步增加光纤长度,谱宽基本保持不变;相对于变换极限脉冲来说,初始正、负啁啾脉冲对应的最佳光纤长度分别缩短和延长。     

Tapered photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in telecommunication windows

We numerically studied supercontinuum generation in a tapered photonic crystal fiber with flattened dispersion properties.The fiber was weakly tapered to have normal dispersion at wavelengths around 1.55 μm after a certain distance.We pumped 4 ps pulses with low peakpower and found that flatly broadened, wideband supercontinuum was generated in telecommunication windows.Furthermore, we also demonstrated the effects of tapered length and pulse width of the pump pulse on supercontinuum generation.     

Route to Coherent Supercontinuum Generation in the Long Pulse Regime

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of generating supercontinuum in highly nonlinear fibers with improved stability characteristics through modulation of the input pulse. Specifically, we show that broadband coherent supercontinuum can be generated in the long pulse regime, provided the modulation parameters and nonlinear fiber length are carefully tuned. Based on physical arguments, we derive general guidelines for the choice of modulation frequency and fiber length. Significantly, the guidelines are valid for arbitrary long pulses.     

利用单模光纤中调制不稳定性产生超连续激光光谱的研究

根据皮秒光脉冲在光纤中传输时所满足的非线性薛定谔方程,利用数值模拟方法,研究了利用准连续波作为初始输入脉冲、利用单模光纤中的调制不稳定性和光子晶体光纤的高非线性效应产生超连续激光光谱（SC）的新方法。探讨了SC的形成机理,研究了不同条件下SC的形成过程,研究结果表明：准连续波光脉冲峰值功率越高、初始脉宽越宽,越有利于SC的产生;超连续谱向长波长方向的展宽要受到光子晶体光纤长度的影响,要想获得平坦的宽带SC,必须采用合适的光子晶体光纤长度。     

高非线性光子晶体光纤中超连续谱产生的特性研究

利用数值方法求解广义非线性薛定谔方程,数值模拟了光脉冲在高非线性光子晶体光纤正常色散区超连续谱产生的演化,研究和分析了脉冲参数如峰值功率,脉冲宽度及初始频率啁啾对超连续谱形成的影响.结果表明,当脉冲峰值功率一定时,随着传输距离增大,超连续谱随之愈宽,平坦度愈好;随着脉冲峰值功率逐渐增大,超连续谱随之更宽,平坦度有所劣化.相反,脉冲宽度逐渐增大,超连续谱展宽范围减小,其平坦度也逐渐劣化;具有适当的正负啁啾脉冲,在高非线性光子晶体光纤传输中获得宽而平坦超连续谱.     

充氩气Kagome空芯光子晶体光纤中超连续光谱产生的动力学研究

利用飞秒激光在充氩气的Kagome结构空芯光子晶体光纤中产生了高亮度宽带的超连续光谱.通过改变填充气体的气压以及输入激光的单脉冲能量可以对产生的超连续光谱进行控制.利用中心波长980 nm的飞秒脉冲作为抽运获得了光谱范围覆盖340~1 550 nm的宽带超连续光谱.通过基于载波的单向脉冲传输方程研究了超短脉冲在充氩气的Kagome光纤中产生超连续光谱的动力学过程.     

All laser diode compression of 5 GHz picosecond pulses using cross-phase modulation in optical fibre

5 GHz pulses from a mode-locked semiconductor laser diode have been compressed from 10.5 to 4.6 ps by means of cross-phase modulation using a separate optically amplified mode-locked laser diode. By tuning the laser wavelengths symmetrically about the 1.55 mu m dispersion zero of an 11 km length of fibre, the effect of group velocity dispersion is minimised, ensuring that the fibre is used efficiently. The spectral broadening induced by the cross-phase modulation enables pulse compression in a dispersive fibre.<>     

高相干度超连续谱的产生和脉冲压缩的研究

为了研究全波段正常色散光子晶体光纤中高相干度超连续谱的产生及其脉冲压缩,采用分步傅里叶法数值模拟了超短光脉冲在全波段正常色散光子晶体光纤中的非线性传输和超连续谱的产生;利用1阶相干因子分析了抽运波长和入射峰值功率对超连续谱相干特性的影响。结果表明,色散效应越弱,越有利于高相干度超连续谱的产生;在色散效应较小处抽运时,获得了带宽为587nm、平坦度小于7dB的高相干度的超连续谱;超连续谱的相干性越高,越有利于脉冲压缩,采用光栅对压缩器对高相干度超连续谱脉冲进行压缩,获得了8.4fs、压缩质量因子为88.88%的超短光脉冲。因此,抑止色散效应,利用自相位调制可获得高相干度的超连续谱及高质量的脉冲压缩。     

载波包络相位稳定的6 fs超快强激光脉冲及其在高次谐波产生中的应用

脉冲宽度40 fs,功率1.1 W的载波包络相位(CEP)稳定的飞秒激光脉冲在充氩气的空芯光纤内由于自相位调制频谱展宽,通过啁啾镜和斜劈补偿色散,最终可获得脉冲宽度为6 fs的载波包络相位稳定的强激光脉冲.将之应用到高次谐波实验中得到了脉冲宽度为500 as的单个阿秒脉冲.     

色散缓变光纤中基于交叉相位调制的不稳定性研究

研究了色散缓变光纤中基于交叉相位调制的不稳定性,得到了同时计及离散和光纤损耗效应时的色散关系式。发现在抽运功率、传输距离、光纤损耗相同的条件下,色散缓变光纤较常规光纤具有较宽的增益谱;研究同时发现,较大的色散缓变参量及两光束较小的离散均会使增益谱的谱宽加宽,振幅的增长速度加快。并用数值方法验证了利用色散缓变光纤更易产生超短脉冲。