Nomadic Culture: Cultural Support for Working Anytime, Anywhere

This article argues that a nomadic culture is required to achieve the competitive benefits of a workforce using ubiquitous computing technologies. A nomadic culture is defined as a collection of artifacts, beliefs, and basic assumptions based on a prior published model of organizational culture in general, the term nomadic culture is defined in this article. the authors provide lists of questions for managers to conduct an internal cultural audit.     

市政设施养管工作专业化管理思路浅谈

通过对市政设施养管工作专业化管理的内涵和实际应用进行阐述,提出了几点加强其专业化管理的建议,以供参考。     

Decentring the Creative Self: How Others Make Creativity Possible in Creative Professional Fields

Since its inception, the psychology of creativity has been concerned primarily with the study of individual creators. In contrast, this research is dedicated to an exploration of (a) who has a significant impact on a creative professional's activity and (b) what the contribution is that others make to creative outcomes. The research included interviews with 60 professionals working in science and creative industries in France. The following categories of others emerged: family and friends, peers and students, clients and funders, critics and gatekeepers, and the general public – and they were related to themes depicting the interaction between these different others and the creator. Findings reveal both similarities and differences across the five domains in terms of the specific contribution of others to the creative process. Social interactions play a key formative, regulatory, motivational and informational role in relation to creative work. From ‘internalized’ to ‘distant’, other people are an integral part of the equation of creativity calling for a de‐centring of the creative self and its re‐centring in a social space of actions and interactions.     

Temporality in Medical Work: Time also Matters

CSCW has long been concerned with the distribution of activities in time and in space, but the problems of distributed work have often taken analytic and technical precedence. In this paper, we are interested in the issue of temporality in collaborative work. In particular, we want to examine how the temporal organization of action is experienced by those who are involved in it. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted a field study of medical workers in a surgical intensive care unit. Through this study, we highlight the temporal organization of the work. In particular, we introduce and describe three temporal features – temporal trajectories, temporal rhythms, and temporal horizons – that emerge from and influence the work of healthcare providers as they attempt to seek, provide, and manage information during the course of their daily work.     

Creativity and Its Discontents: Professional Ideology and Creativity in Architect Work

Architects are a professional group that is commonly associated with creative and aesthetic work and with strong professional norms, values and identities. While such shared norms and beliefs are positive overall in terms of being constitutive of professional subject‐positions, an overemphasis on specific skills and qualities may also be regarded as a burden on members of the professional community. A study of a major Scandinavian architect office suggests that the perceived lack of creative and innovative thinking and accompanying dialogues and discussions among practising architects tends to produce cynicism and, to some extent, disappointment. As a consequence, professional ideologies may in some cases be out of joint with everyday work realities, and thereby to some extent produce expectations that are complicated to fulfil. Professional ideologies are thus both what integrates and consolidates a profession while at the same time prescribing ideal future scenarios for the professional community.     

On the Relation of Job Insecurity,Job Autonomy,Innovative Work Behaviour and the Mediating Effect of Work Engagement

European policy is focusing on innovation as a way out of the economic crisis. At the same time, job insecurity is rising as Europe is still in crisis. In this paper, we examine whether job insecurity affects the innovative work behaviour of employees by focusing on the relation between job insecurity, job autonomy, work engagement and innovative work behaviour (IWB). Using employee level survey data, we use structural equation modelling to disentangle the relations between these variables. The partially mediated model shows the best fit with the data. This model shows that job insecurity and autonomy are both directly and indirectly, through work engagement, related with IWB. For autonomy these relations are positive, while they are negative (and smaller) for job insecurity. Moreover, a negative covariance is observed between job insecurity and autonomy.     

小湾水电工程移动办公系统的设计与实现

小湾水电站是一个大型水电项目,随着内部IT系统的增加和业务量的上升,逐渐形成对移动办公的需求,外出人员从企业外利用互联网接入企业内部网络访问企业内部应用系统服务的需求日益明显。文章对小湾水电工程移动办公系统建设的需求分析、设备选型考量以及系统具体实现几个方面做了详细介绍。     

The cooler the better: new directions in the Nomadic Age

Thanks to rapid progress in microelectronics technology, a new, nomadic lifestyle has become widespread these days. People, regardless of location, enjoy greater connectivity through communication networks and intelligent electronic terminals. This nomadic lifestyle will become even more common as technology frees people from the constraints of time and location. The cool chip, characterized by high performance and low power consumption, will play a key role in inaugurating the Nomadic Age. Rather than describe its technical details, we take a broader, more historic view of the cool chip's impact. More than a necessary innovation, cool chips' increased portability and reduced power consumption will play a key role in building a better future society     

Computer Support for Social Awareness in Flexible Work

How do we conceptualize social awareness, and what support is needed to develop and maintain social awareness in flexible work settings? The paper begins by arguing the relevance of designing for social awareness in flexible work. It points out how social awareness is suspended in the field of tension that exists between the ephemerality and continuity of social encounters, exploring ways to construct identity through relationships by means of social encounters – notably those that are accidental and unforced. We probe into this issue through design research: In particular, we present three exploratory prototyping processes in an open office setting (examining the concepts of a shared calendar, personal panels, and ambient awareness cues). Field studies, conducted in parallel, have contributed to a conceptual deconstruction of CSCW concepts, resulting in a focus on cues to relatedness, to belonging, and to care. Analyzing these three prototypes in their microcosmic usage setting results in specific recommendations for the three types of applications with respect to social awareness. The experiences indicate that the metaphors a ‘shared mirror’ and ‘breadcrumbs’ are promising foundations on which to base further design. We present these analyses and suggest that the metaphors work because of their ability to map experiences from the physical space into conceptual experiences. We conclude that social awareness in flexible work must be constructed indirectly, presenting itself as an option, rather than as a consequence of being able to overhear and oversee.     

Generalized Thermodynamics of Maximum Work in Finite Time

We consider thermodynamic behaviour of thermal machines founded on kinetic rather than static origins. Their models, which are formulated for finite time transitions, simplify to models of classical thermodynamics in the limiting case of an infinite duration. An extended exergy is derived as a finite-time extension of the classical thermodynamic work delivered from a system of a body and its environment. With this quantity enhanced bounds can be determined for active continuous and cascade processes, in which there is an indirect energy exchange between two sybsystems through the working fluid of an engine, a refrigerator or a heat pump. These bounds refer to systems with finite exchange area or with a finite contact time. An economic framework of this theory is outlined.For both continuous and discrete processes, nonlinear thermodynamic models are derived from a combination of the energy balance and transfer equations. These models serve as constraints in the problem of work optimization. Variational and optimal control approaches are developed which are analogous to those found in analytical mechanics. Variational calculus is used along with some aspect of the canonical transformation theory to maximize work and discuss the role of a finite process intensity and of a finite duration.The optimality of a definite irreversible process for a finite-time transition of a controlled fluid is pointed out as well as a connection between the process duration, optimal dissipation and the optimal process intensity measured in terms of a hamiltonian, a dissipative quantity. It is shown that limits of the classical availability theory should be replaced by stronger limits which are obtained for finite time processes, and which are closer to reality. A hysteretic property of the generalized exergy describes a decrease of the maximum work received from an engine system and an increase of work added to a heat pump system, the features which are particularly important in high-rate regions of thermodynamic processes. For an infinite sequence of infinitesimal thermal machines, an optimal temperature strategy is obtained in the form similar to that known in the theory of simulated annealing.     

Time Series Prediction Using Support Vector Machines: A Survey

Time series prediction techniques have been used in many real-world applications such as financial market prediction, electric utility load forecasting , weather and environmental state prediction, and reliability forecasting. The underlying system models and time series data generating processes are generally complex for these applications and the models for these systems are usually not known a priori. Accurate and unbiased estimation of the time series data produced by these systems cannot always be achieved using well known linear techniques, and thus the estimation process requires more advanced time series prediction algorithms. This paper provides a survey of time series prediction applications using a novel machine learning approach: support vector machines (SVM). The underlying motivation for using SVMs is the ability of this methodology to accurately forecast time series data when the underlying system processes are typically nonlinear, non-stationary and not defined a-priori. SVMs have also been proven to outperform other non-linear techniques including neural-network based non-linear prediction techniques such as multi-layer perceptrons.The ultimate goal is to provide the reader with insight into the applications using SVM for time series prediction, to give a brief tutorial on SVMs for time series prediction, to outline some of the advantages and challenges in using SVMs for time series prediction, and to provide a source for the reader to locate books, technical journals, and other online SVM research resources.     

时间相关性经验知识与SVM的融合方法研究

时序数据在时间维度上存在着很强的时间相关性,在时序预测中,利用时序数据的时间相关性特点,构造了一种适用于时序数据预测的时序核函数,实现了将时间相关性融合于支持向量机,并通过人工数据和真实数据验证了时序核函数解决时序预测问题的有效性,并与传统核函数相比具有较好的泛化能力。     

支持向量机在时间序列预测中的应用

介绍了时间序列预测的研究现状以及支持向量机(SVM)回归算法的基本原理,将支持向量机回归用于某型雷达磁控管高压数据的预测,并将支持向量机预测结果与BP神经网络预测结果进行了比较.     

Intelligence,Work Performance,and Inspection Time

The additivity of strengths for teams of two and three untrained female subjects in eam-work was evaluated in static (isometric) and dynamic (isokinetic) terms. Eight healthy college students were tested under laboratory conditions. Four standard values were used to evaluate isometric strengths: arm, leg, stooped back, and composite measures. The isokinetic strength was tested by means of dynamic lift strength and dynamic back extension. Following individual measurement of the subjects, they were tested in two-member and three-member teams. Two-female teams w«re evaluated in terms of 28 combinations for each of the six measures; the three-female teams were tested in 56 combinations among the subjects. With the exception of isometric arm strength, the actual team strengths were significantly lower then the corresponding sums of the team-members' individual strengths. On average, the isometric back, leg and composite strengths were approximately 83·3% for the two-female teams, and 83·9% for the three-female teams. The isokinetic strengths for two-female and three-female teams accounted for about 68·0% and 68·4% of the sums, respectively. These results indicate that lifting strength of females in team-work is generally not additive and depends upon the muscle group in use, and suggests that lifting capacity in team-work will be reduced as the number of team members increases.     

Serendipity: Integrated Environment Support for Process Modelling, Enactment and Work Coordination

Large cooperative work systems require work coordination, context awareness and process modelling and enactment mechanisms to be effective. Support for process modelling and work coordination in such systems also needs to support informal aspects of work which are difficult to codify. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) facilities, such as inter-person communication and collaborative editing, also need to be well-integrated into both process-modelling tools and tools used to perform work. Serendipity is an environment which provides high-level, visual process modelling and event-handling languages, and diverse CSCW capabilities, and which can be integrated with a range of tools to coordinate cooperative work. This paper describes Serendipity's visual languages, support environment, architecture, and implementation, together with experience using the environment and integrating it with other environments.     

SQL Server定时作业在管理系统中的应用

研究了定时作业机制在大型SQL Server2005数据库系统中的应用问题。阐述了定时作业在系统应用中的优势,讨论了数据库系统中定时作业机制的实现方法,研究了系统的结构及硬件配置方法,给出了用户的窗口界面的实现结果。工程应用证明定时作业可以有效地解决数据冗余问题,提高了系统响应速率,方案切实可行。     

SQL Server定时作业在管理系统中的应用

研究了定时作业机制在大型SQL Server2005数据库系统中的应用问题。阐述了定时作业在系统应用中的优势，讨论了数据库系统中定时作业机制的实现方法，研究了系统的结构及硬件配置方法，给出了用户的窗口界面的实现结果。工程应用证明定时作业可以有效地解决数据冗余问题，提高了系统响应速率，方案切实可行。     

试论高职计算机网络专业基于工作过程的课程体系建设

高职院校计算机网络专业的课程体系建设是随着教育理念的发展而不断改革创新的.与普通教育不同的是,职业课程应追求工作过程的系统化而不是学科结构的系统化,因此,笔者结合当前高职院校工作过程的课程体系建设理念,介绍了关于计算机网络专业的学科建设.     

Supporting Cooperative Software Processes in a Decentralized and Nomadic World

Recent advances in wireless networks enable decentralized cooperative and nomadic work scenarios where mobile users can interact in performing some tasks without being permanently online. Scenarios where connectivity is transient and the network topology may change dynamically are considered. Connectivity among nodes does not require the support offered by a permanent infrastructure but may rely on ad hoc networking facilities. In this paper, a scenario in which a nomadic group of software engineers cooperate in developing an application is investigated. The proposed solution, however, is not software process specific but holds for other cases where shared documents are developed cooperatively by a number of interacting nomadic partners. Support tools for these groups are normally based on a client-server architecture, which appears to be unsuitable in highly dynamic environments. Peer-to-peer solutions, which do not rely on services provided by centralized servers, look more promising. This paper presents a fully decentralized cooperative infrastructure centered around peer-to-peer versioning system (PeerVerSy), a configuration management tool based on a peer-to-peer architecture, which supports cooperative services even when some of the collaborating nodes are offline. Some preliminary experiences gained from its use in a teaching environment are also discussed