Segmentbrücke aus textilbewehrtem Beton: Konstruktion,Fertigung, numerische Berechnung

Segmental Textile Reinrorced Concrete Bridge Design, Manufacturing and Numerical Simulation Concrete provides a brought variety of construction and design possibilities. The low tensile capacity of concrete is taken by reinforcement of steel, short fibres or textile fabrics. Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a high performance composite in which technical textiles made of high performance fibers are embedded in a fine‐grained concrete matrix. Because of the corrosion resistance of the textile materials, thick concrete covers as known in ordinary reinforced concrete are no longer needed. Slender new concrete elements extend concrete application to completely new fields and gives architects and engineers more design possibilities. Design, reinforcement concept, production, approval tests, and numerical simulations considering uncertain data are demonstrated for the first bridge made of textile reinforced concrete. It is shown that application of this new, sophisticated composite material is already possible, although more research is needed.     

Textilbewehrter Beton zur Verstärkung eines Hyparschalentragwerks in Schweinfurt

Textile Reinforced Concrete for Strengthening of a Hypar Shell Structure in Schweinfurt For the first time the innovative strengthening method was applied at rehabilitation and retrofitting of the shell structure of FH Schweinfurt. The reinforced‐concrete structure was strengthened by textile reinforced concrete and made safer for future. Since textile‐reinforced concrete is still no standardized construction material single case technical approval was given by the authorities for the application of textile reinforced concrete. This first practical application of TRC for strengthening was carried out in October/November 2006. The textile reinforced concrete strengthening was applied layer by layer on the sandblasted rough concrete surface. The strengthening layer is only 15 mm thin and consists of fine grained concrete and three layers textile fabric made of 800 tex carbon rovings.     

Neue Bauteile aus textilbewehrtem Beton

New Components of Textile Reinforced Concrete Based on the results of investigations in the characteristics of the new composite material textile reinforced concrete (TRC) some first applications of TRC have been developed. This article presents some examples that the advantages of TRC lead to an entirely new application potential for concrete as a building material and open up new fields for the application of concrete.     

Form finding methodology for force-modelled anticlastic shells in glass fibre textile reinforced cement composites

The reinforcement of a specifically developed fine grained cement matrix with glass fibre textiles in high fibre volume fractions creates a fire safe composite that has-besides its usual compressive strength-an important tensile capacity and omits the need for any steel reinforcement. Strongly curved shells made of textile reinforced cement composites (TRC) can cover medium (up to 15 m) span spaces with three times smaller shell thicknesses than conventional steel-reinforced concrete shells. This paper presents a methodology to generate force-modelled anticlastic shell shapes that exploit both the tensile and compressive load carrying capacities of TRC. The force-modelling is based on the dynamic relaxation form finding method developed for gravity (in this case self-weight) loaded systems. The potential of the presented methodology to develop structurally sound anticlastic shell shapes is illustrated by four case studies.     

织物增强混凝土的研究与应用进展

为了进一步推动织物增强混凝土（TRC）这一具有轻质、高强、良好耐久性及良好增强和控裂等特性材料的研究工作及其在土木结构工程中的实际应用,首先介绍了国内外有关TRC水泥基材料的研究进展和应用领域,逐一阐述了精细混凝土及织物类型、TRC的多尺度界面性能、制备工艺,对TRC代表性试验研究和理论研究方面做了详细分类和归纳,并展望了TRC的发展趋势和应用前景。最后提出了TRC研发和相关应用的一些关键性问题和建议:TRC的相关试验研究应转向大跨空间结构和理论及数值模拟方面,建立相关极端荷载条件下TRC的力学本构模型,从理论上分析纤维织物与混凝土基体间的增韧、增强机理,进而为进一步改善和提高TRC性能提供重要参考,实现新型TRC材料的产业化生产及应用。     

纤维编织网增强混凝土加固钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能研究

从改善纤维编织网增强混凝土(TRC)加固层中纤维束和精细混凝土的界面粘结及新老混凝土的界面特性入手,研究TRC增强钢筋混凝土(RC)梁的弯曲性能。试验结果表明:纤维编织网的表面黏砂处理能更好地发挥其有效约束能力,从而充分发挥TRC增强层的限裂和增强作用;新老混凝土的界面植入U型抗剪销钉可以提高增强后RC梁的整体受力性能,而涂抹界面剂对其几乎没有影响。此外,精细混凝土中掺加聚丙烯纤维有助于提高构件的起裂荷载;在RC梁配筋率一定的情况下,提高TRC层中的配网率可以有效地延缓结构主裂缝的发展,减小裂缝的宽度和间距,明显地提高梁的屈服荷载和极限承载力。最后,基于RC结构的抗弯设计理论,模拟TRC增强RC梁的荷载与跨中位移曲线,计算值与试验结果吻合得较好,证明了计算方法的可行性。     

Eigenschaften und Anwendung von Textilbeton

Specifications and Application of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a new composite with specific properties. This paper should address the needs of a generally understandable introduction into TRC design for practitioners. Because TRC leaves the existing range of application specific properties as well as similarities and differences to steel reinforced concrete will be illustrated. In detail requirements for fibre materials, typical materials and technologies for production of textile reinforcement and TRC are elucidated. The discussion of various case studies of existing applications serve for demonstrating specifics and capabilities of this composite. It also shows important first principles for designing with TRC. A set of typical material data should enable readers to think about applications of this innovative composite.     

用于纤维编织网增强混凝土的早强基体材料

为实现纤维编织网增强混凝土(textile-reinforced concrete,TRC)快速加固盾构隧道的目的,开发了一种用于TRC的磷酸无机复合类早强型基体材料.通过单轴压缩、坍落流动度、界面拉伸和剪切试验,对比分析了这种早强型基体材料与TRC传统基体材料——精细混凝土的工作性能;采用扫描电镜分析了其作用机理,并提出了力学作用模型.结果表明:与精细混凝土相比,早强型基体材料具有更优异的自密实、黏结以及渗透纤维编织网的能力;采用早强型基体材料的TRC加固方法可实现快速加固,在2h内即可发挥加固作用,具有广泛的应用前景.     

Automated Estimation of Reinforced Precast Concrete Rebar Positions Using Colored Laser Scan Data

Precast concrete elements are widely adopted and the performance of precast structures is relying on the quality of connections between adjacent elements. For reinforced precast concrete elements, rebar positions are important for the overall structural performance, however, they are usually manually inspected. This study develops a technique for automated position estimation of rebars on reinforced precast concrete elements using colored laser scan data. A novel mixed pixel filter is developed to remove mixed pixels from the raw scan data based on both distance and color difference. A one‐class classifier is used for extracting rebars from all the data based on both geometric and color features of points. Furthermore, a novel rebar recognition algorithm is developed to recognize individual rebars based on two newly defined metrics. Experiments on two reinforced precast concrete bridge deck panels were conducted and showed that the proposed technique can accurately and efficiently estimate rebar positions.     

Tragverhalten von textilbewehrtem Beton

Load‐bearing Behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete. Bond Cracking Behaviour and Load‐bearing Behaviour The load‐bearing behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is similar to concrete reinforced by steel, however, it is more influenced by the bond of the technical textile in the fine concrete. Thus the cracking behaviour, loading capacity, the deformation behaviour and the durability are investigated besides the material properties. Based on the results of these investigations, design models have been developed and first applications have been realized. The article summarizes the recent results in the field of load‐bearing behaviour of TRC.     

Biegetragfähigkeit von textilbetonverstärkten Stahlbetonplatten

Textilbeton (TRC) ist eine sehr effektive Methode zur Verstärkung von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen. An der TU Dresden wurden im Rahmen des SFB 528 umfangreiche Forschungen zum Einsatz von Textilbeton zur nachträglichen Biegeverstärkung bestehender Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbauteile durchgeführt. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen erfolgten im Regelfall an textilbetonverstärkten kleinformatigen Stahlbetonplatten mit Spannweiten von 1,60 m und Plattendicken von 0,10 m. Parallel zu diesen Versuchen erfolgte die Entwicklung von Berechnungsmodellen, mit denen unter anderem die maximale Biegetragfähigkeit der verstärkten Bauteile vorhergesagt werden kann. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen zur Überprüfung der Übertragbarkeit der bisher gewonnenen Ergebnisse auf großformatige Stahlbetonplatten mit Spannweiten von 6,75 m und Plattendicken von 0,23 m. Durch die Verwendung textiler Hochleistungsbewehrungen aus Carbon auf Basis von so genannten Heavy‐Tow‐Garnen wurden sehr hohe Verstärkungsgrade realisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Steigerungen der Tragfähigkeiten im Vergleich zu unverstärkten Referenzplatten. Dadurch konnte die sichere Anwendung von Biegeverstärkungen aus Textilbeton auch für Bauteile mit großen Spannweiten und großen Verstärkungsgraden gezeigt werden. Gleichzeitig wurde bei vergleichbarem Lastniveau mit zunehmendem Verstärkungsgrad eine deutliche Verringerung der Durchbiegungen nachgewiesen. Die experimentell ermittelten Tragfähigkeiten sind mit dem vorgestellten Berehnungsansatz zur überschläglichen Biegebemessung textilbetonverstärkter Stahlbetonplatten gut nachvollziehbar. Bending Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Strengthened with Textile Reinforced Concrete Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is a very effective method to strengthen reinforced concrete constructions. The SFB 528 of the TU Dresden has been carrying out vast research concerning the use of TRC for a subsequent bending strengthening of existing concrete and reinforced concrete components. As a rule the experiments TRC strengthened small format reinforced concrete slabs with span widths of 1.60 m and thicknesses of 0.10 m were used. Parallel to these tests calculation models were developed enabling a prediction of the maximum bending load carrying capacity of the strengthened units among others. The paper describes the experimental and theoretical research for checking the transferability of the results gained until now onto large‐size reinforced concrete slabs with span widths of 6.75 m and thicknesses of 0.23 m. Through the use of high performance textile reinforcements based on carbon Heavy‐Tow‐Yarns very high reinforcement degrees were realized. The results show significant increases of the load carrying capacity compared to the unstrengthened reference slabs. Thus the safe use of bending strengthening out of TRC for components with large span widths and high reinforcement degrees could be proven. At the same time we were able to demonstrate considerably lower deflection with growing reinforcement degrees. The experimentally determined load bearing capacity can be well comprehended with the introduced calculation models of the bending measurement of TRC strengthened reinforced concrete slabs.     

织物增强混凝土(TRC)加固技术研究进展

介绍了织物增强混凝土(TRC)的基本特点,对将织物增强混凝土用于钢筋混凝土(RC)结构及其他结构加固的研究情况进行了综合论述;重点阐述了织物增强混凝土(TRC)与原结构间的粘结性能研究以及采用织物增强混凝土(TRC)对钢筋混凝土(RC)构件进行抗弯、抗剪加固后的加固机理和工作性能研究,并指出了该研究领域中有待进一步研究的问题。     

Bemessungsrelevante Kennwerte von Feinbeton für einaxiale Druckbeanspruchung

Design Parameters of Fine Grained Concrete for Uniaxial Compressive Loading Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) allows the design of thin‐structured concrete elements with a high load‐bearing capacity. The mechanical properties and stress‐strain relations under shortterm compressive loading of so called fine grained binder systems which are used as matrix are presented in this paper. The application of known mathematical formulations (e. g. simplified parabola‐rectangle stress‐strain curves for dimensioning purposes, prediction models for characteristic creep parameters) is investigated and design values of fine grained concrete are proposed.     

Flachdecken in Elementbauweise. Hinweise zum Durchstanznachweis nach DIN 1045‐1

Flat Slabs built with Semi‐Precast Elements. Advices to Punching Shear Verification according DIN 1045‐1 Flat slabs are increasingly built with precast slabs and insitu topping. The bearing behaviour of these semi‐precast slabs with lattice girders is similar to cast in one concrete slabs. In principle this is also applied for areas where punching failure is endangered. This was shown in full‐scale tests, which were taken as the basis for derivation of design rules. However during design of semi‐precast slabs some specific items have to be considered. The revision of technical approvals for punching shear reinforcements to the new German design standard for concrete and reinforced concrete DIN 1045‐1 took place during the introduction of new punching shear reinforcement for semi‐precast elements. The required verification of punching shear in element slabs are arranged and explained for different types of punching shear reinforcement.     

纤维编织网增强混凝土薄板力学性能的研究

为探讨纤维编织网对混凝土裂缝扩展行为的限制机理,进行了纤维粗纱从混凝土中拔出的粘结试验和纤维编织网增强混凝土(TRC)单向板的四点弯曲试验。结果表明:对纤维编织网环氧树脂浸渍并在表面粘砂,施加和提升预应力都能改善纤维和混凝土的粘结,使TRC的裂缝更加细密均匀;提高配网率同样能使裂缝细密均匀。预应力还可提高TRC板的开裂荷载和极限荷载。基于平截面假定,本文对TRC板的开裂荷载和弯曲极限承载力进行了计算分析,结果与试验比较吻合。     

织物增强混凝土的纤维协同等代效应对约束混凝土的影响分析

通过ABAQUS对织物增强混凝土拉伸性能及其永久模壳加固混凝土柱的轴压性能进行了数值分析,在材料层面研究了短纤维掺量、纤维织物层数对水泥基复合材料(ECC)和超高性能混凝土(UHPC)拉伸性能的影响;在结构层面研究织物增强超高性能混凝土模壳对不同强度核心区混凝土的约束效率及纤维织物和短纤维间的替代关系.结果表明:织物合...     

用于纤维编织网增强混凝土的自密实混凝土

配置了一种适用于纤维编织网增强混凝土结构的自密实混凝土,对其进行了自密实能力和力学性能的试验.结果表明:这种自密实混凝土具有良好的工作性能和力学性能,完全可以用来作为纤维编织网增强混凝土的基体.     

Experimental study of L‐shaped precast RC shear walls with middle cast‐in‐situ joint

Precast shear walls, as an environmentally friendly building system, have been vigorously developed in China. There are many vertical and horizontal joints on precast reinforced concrete shear wall system, which certainly have a significant effect on seismic performance of structures. In this paper, 3 L‐shaped precast reinforced concrete shear walls that were assembled by 2 precast parts through a middle cast‐in‐situ joint and a compared 1 completely cast‐in‐situ were tested under low frequency cyclic loading to investigate their seismic behaviors. The vertical distributed reinforcements in the three precast specimens were equivalently spliced by grouting sleeves arranged along the center line of the wall, and the horizontal reinforcements were directly anchored in cast‐in‐situ joints. The experimental results, including failure mode, yielding load and displacement, skeleton curve, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation, ductility, and so forth were presented in the paper. The results show that the precast specimens have similar bearing capacity whereas much better deformation capacity and ductility compared to the cast‐in‐situ specimen. Additionally, the experimental results of ultimate shear capacity of specimens were also compared with that of the calculation results. These results indicate that the tested precast shear walls have good and reliable seismic performance and can be used as a structural member in engineering projects.     

Parabolschalen aus Hochleistungsbeton als Solarkollektoren

Parabolic shells made from high‐performance concrete for solar collectors Parabolic troughs for concentrating solar power plants are mainly built as spatial steel frameworks which support curved mirror elements pointwise. Today, significant cost savings can merely be expected from cheaper construction material as shown by a first prototype made from concrete [1]. Alternative concepts inspired by commercially established collector modules with an aperture width of about 6 m as well as large scale collector modules with an aperture width of up to 10 m have been developed within the priority program SPP 1542 „Concrete light” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in cooperation of the Technical University of Kaiserslautern and the Ruhr‐University Bochum. These concepts also differ with respect to support conditions and cross‐sectional shapes. They include single‐walled solid shells with additional bracings according to the flux of forces or employ void formers and associated effective values for bending and axial stiffness. Of course, both fulfill the strict requirements set on lightweight and material efficient structures. Most relevant actions on the parabolic shells result from self‐weight, wind loads and torsional moments due to the driving system, which are considered locally and globally to capture their influence on the shell's design.     

Von der Bauteilfügung zu leichten Tragwerken: Trocken gefügte Flächenelemente aus UHPFRC

Light‐Weight Structures made of thin walled, dry jointed surface elements made of UHPFRC With the development of novel jointed, thin walled and thus light components the resource‐efficient use of ultra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced fine grained concrete in structures can be realized. The manufacturing of modular and efficient UHPFRC components is achieved by the digital workflow as a result of digital design, calculation and CNC‐controlled manufacturing technology. By linking lightweight concrete components with new, high‐precision non standardized joints, such components can be connected material and force flow compatible with each other. The results with dry jointed T‐beams show the manufacturability and the potential of the dry jointing system on a large scale. When checking the load capacity of thin‐walled construction elements, the influence of fiber reinforcement must be especially considered.