共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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在光电化学光能转换的研究中,由于多种因素在半导体/溶液界面形成了各种性质和作用不同的表面态,在界面的电荷和能量转移中起着重要作用,对光电转换性能产生较大的影响。对于多晶半导体——作为具有实用前景和目前深受重视的光电转换材料,由于存在较多的晶格缺陷和晶粒界面,在表面形成了浓度较高的表面态,这些表面态可作为光生电子空穴的复合中心,是造成多晶材料光电转换效率低于单晶材料的主要原因。因此测量和研究半导体/溶液界面的表面态能量分布,性质及作用对研究光电转换过程的机理,特别是对改善多晶半导体的性能都具有直接的重要意义。 相似文献
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金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)由于其高比表面积、可调孔结构以及多样的组成等引起了学者们的极大关注,尤其在电化学储能领域取得了较大的研究进展。本文综述了近几年MOFs基材料在锂硫电池、锂离子电池和超级电容器等电化学储能领域中的应用。详细介绍了MOFs及其复合材料作为锂硫电池正极载体时与活性物质的作用机理,探讨了MOFs对活性物质硫的物理封装和化学配位作用。此外,阐述了MOFs衍生碳材料因独特孔结构、较强导电性和丰富活性位点等作为电极材料时对电池性能的提升。最后对MOFs基材料在电化学储能中的研究前景作出了展望,指出MOFs基材料中杂原子比例的控制和孔道设计是未来研究的重点。 相似文献
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CO2的电化学转化具有环境、资源和经济效益等多重意义。本文综述了电化学方法还原CO2阴极材料的发展现状,分别对水基溶剂、有机溶剂和离子液体中电极材料的研究情况进行了阐述,并指出了其各自的优缺点。水基溶剂中,CO2加氢具有充足的H+来源且反应过程相对较为简单,但产物燃料化特性不明显;有机溶剂中反应效率较高,但反应路径较为复杂;离子液体是较新的研究领域,生成CO2的反应过电位大大降低,但产物较为复杂且分离有难度。最后对电化学还原CO2阴极材料的发展趋势进行了展望,认为还需在复合材料、反应界面开展更深入的探索。 相似文献
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Different types of microstructures and their applications with respect to the synthesis and the use of ionic liquids are presented. Microstructured reactors are suitable for reactions with fast intrinsic kinetics, requiring high mass and heat transfer performances. Chemical synthesis can be performed safely under operating condition (e.g. high temperature, pressure, etc.) difficult to obtain in traditional reactors. The examples presented clearly indicate that microstructured reactors offer superior performance for the synthesis of ionic liquids in comparison to conventional equipment. For the use of ionic liquids as reaction media, existing ionic liquids show some limitations due to their higher viscosity compared to conventional solvents. Therefore, future research should be focused on the development of low viscosity ionic liquids.The approaches to use ionic liquids in microstructured reactors and in combination with microstructured supports for catalytic reactions show many advantages in view of high product selectivity and yield. The use of supported ionic liquids on microstructured materials seems to be particularly promising for gas phase as well as for gas/liquid reactions. 相似文献
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综述了近年来离子液体介质中CO2电活化合成有机碳酸酯的研究进展, 着重概述了电催化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和环状碳酸酯的研究现状, 并简述了CO2间接电活化和直接电活化技术, 以及反应介质、电极材料等因素对反应产物的影响, 对电催化还原CO2的关键技术和今后研究重点进行了探讨。离子液体具有不易挥发、可循环使用、导电性好、对CO2有较高溶解度等优点, 在CO2固定和有机资源化研究中日益受到重视。电化学作为一种环境友好的绿色合成新技术, 在CO2有机资源化方面有很好的应用前景, 对缓解日益严峻的温室效应、实现CO2的资源化利用具有十分重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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Jesik Park Yeojin Jung Priyandi Kusumah Jinyoung Lee Kyungjung Kwon Churl Kyoung Lee 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(9):15320-15343
Ionic liquids, low temperature molten salts, have various advantages manifesting themselves as durable and environmentally friendly solvents. Their application is expanding into various fields including hydrometallurgy due to their unique properties such as non-volatility, inflammability, low toxicity, good ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical potential window. This paper reviews previous literatures and our recent results adopting ionic liquids in extraction, synthesis and processing of metals with an emphasis on the electrolysis of active/light, rare earth, and platinum group metals. Because the research and development of ionic liquids in this area are still emerging, various, more fundamental approaches are expected to popularize ionic liquids in the metal manufacturing industry. 相似文献
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主要总结了国内外利用酸性离子液体催化合成生物柴油的进展,介绍了离子液体特性及其催化制备生物柴油的优点。简述了酸性离子液体在酯化和制备生物柴油反应中的应用,对酸性离子液体催化制备生物柴油的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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胆碱类低共融溶剂是一种新型的离子液体。它不仅具有传统离子液体的优点,还具有价格低廉、低毒、生物可降解等优势。对胆碱类低共融溶剂在CO2捕集与分离中所涉及的物理性质,如气体的溶解度、CO2的吸收-解吸、密度、稳定性、黏度和表面张力等进行考察,并分析了胆碱类低共融溶剂的结构对各物性的影响。通过与传统离子液体的对比,胆碱类低共融溶剂在CO2捕集与分离中的应用具有一定的优势,如CO2溶解度高,黏度低。然而,胆碱类低共融溶剂在气体的选择性分离、表面张力等的研究还不足,且热稳定性方面还存在瓶颈,因此,其在CO2捕集和分离中的应用还有待进一步探讨。 相似文献
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Yanlong Gu Juan Zhang Zhiying Duan Youquan Deng 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2005,347(4):512-516
Four non-chloroaluminate acidic ionic liquids have been used as catalysts for Pechmann condensations of phenols under solvent-free conditions. SO3H-functionalized trifluoromethanesulfonate imidazolium ionic liquid has proved to be the most active catalyst. Ionic liquid loads as low as 5 mol % can be used leading to high yields with activated phenols at an oil bath temperature of 80 °C. The acidities of the four ionic liquids have also been tested using the Hammett method in dichloromethane. The results are consistent with their catalytic activities as observed in the Pechmann reaction of resorcinol. This methodology offers significant improvements for the synthesis of coumarins with regard to yield of products, simplicity in operation, and green aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts and solvents. 相似文献