计算机控制：过去、现在和未来

本文综述了计算机控制系统的发展历程，目前的水平和未来的发展。分别介绍了DCS，FCS和基于PC和PLC的自动化系统的系统结构、功能、它们各自的优、缺点和今后的发展动向。     

分布控制系统与现场总线控制系统的比较及现状

通过对分布控制系统(DCS)和现场总线控制系统(FCS)的简要叙述，阐述了DCS和FCS各自的功能和特点。     

现场总线发展十年感言

FCS是对传统DCS／PLC的继承发展，也是对传统DCS／PLC的超越和突破；现场总线的本质特征是现场设备的智能化和网络，远程I／O不等于现场总线但现场总线系统并不排斥远程I／O技术；没有哪一种“现场总线”在复杂控制能力、安全可靠性、响应速度、投资成本几方面都是最好的。多种现场总线标准并存有其技术的合理性；现场总线优越性的精髓在于设备充分的信息化和智能化给控制诊断和管理带来的好处；开放性和互可操作性是不同的概念，基金会现场总线目前唯一解决了功能互可操作性；传统DCS将在较长时间内和FCS并存，系统遗大现场总线优越性将体现得越突出？     

从FCS统一系统平台到石化ERP

介绍了局部集中的体系结构+以太网+TCP(UDP)/IP+OPC为多种应用提供的一个统一的系统平台,该FCS平台兼容PLC、DCS、ESD各种功能,是应用的需要,并详细论述了石化ERP应以物流为主干线而形成各自不同的特点,宜逐一开发实施.     

最新DCS的体系结构和技术特点第四讲第四代DCS的特点

DCS的集成化体现在两个方面：功能的集成和产品的集成。过去的DCS厂商基本上是以自主开发为主，提供的系统也是自己的系统。当今的DCS厂商更强调的系统集成性和方案能力，DCS中除保留传统DCS所实现的过程控制功能之外，还集成了PLC、RTU、FCS、各种多回路调节器、各种智能采集或控制单元等。此外厂商不再把开发组态软件或制造各种硬件单元视为核心技术，     

可编程系统、集散系统及现场总线系统在水泥生产中的应用

根据工程设计中实际应用经验，简要介绍了PLC，DCS及FCS在水泥企业的生产过程控制系统的不同应用特点，总结选型原则并列举应用实例。而在DCS向FCS过渡的过程中，急需解决传统仪表与现场总线的接口问题。     

从FCS统一系统平台到石化ERP

介绍了局部集中的体系结构 以太网 TCP(UDP)／IP OPC为多种应用提供的一个统一的系统平台,该FCS平台兼容PLC、DCS、ESD(Emergency Shut Down)各种功能,是应用的需要,并详细论述了石化ERP应以物流为主干线而形成各自不同的特点,宜逐一开发实施。     

工业控制计算机技术的发展与国内产业发展概况

本文全面地介绍了工控机(FCS、Ethernet、嵌入式、DCS、数控装置、PLC、IPC、传感器等)的技术发展情况，并简要介绍了我国相关产业的发展状况。     

现场总线控制系统在水泥工业中的应用

本文介绍了水泥行业自动化发展的历程，详细介绍了基于现场总线技术的西门子自动化系统在水泥行业的应用。以及PLC、DCS及FCS在水泥企业的生产过程控制系统的不同应用特点。     

现场总线技术发展回顾

分析了现场总线技术及其控制系统的发展过程及其特点,指出现场总线控制系统仍是自动化控制系统发展的方向,现场总线技术与DCS、PLC等传统控制系统相结合是今后FCS的一个重要特征。最后还指出,现场总线技术的发展还必须与信息技术相结合。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。