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1.
Feeding rats diets containing brominated corn oil or di- or tetrabromostearate as the monoglyceride produced changes in fatty
acid composition of liver lipids. Those changes associated with the feeding of brominated corn oil or tetrabromosterates could
be explained by the accumulation of triglyceride, and the changes associated with the feeding of dibromostearate could result
from the proliferation of a membrane system. A unique response to the feeding of diets containing brominated corn oil is an
increase in the level of γ-linolenic acid. 相似文献
2.
David H. Buss 《Lipids》1969,4(2):152-154
The predominant fatty acids of mature baboon milk were shown by gas-liquid chromatography to be (by weight) palmitic (16%),
oleic (23%), and linoleic (38%) acids. The high proportion of linoleic acid was attributed to the corn oil in the diet. Less
myristic acid (1.3%), but more caprylic (5%) and capric (8%) acids, were present in baboon milk than in human milk. The proportions
of these short-chain fatty acids were highest during early lactation. 相似文献
3.
Lipids extracted fromSaccharomyces fragilis, grown in whey and deproteinized whey, were similar in amount and fatty acid composition. On a dry weight basis, the yeasts
contained 3.0% total lipid and 0.5% saponifiable lipid. The fatty acids identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
were 2.5% C14∶0, 19.2% C16∶0, 11.9% C16∶1, 1.28% C16∶2, 3.4% C18∶0, 27.0% C18∶1, 25.1% C18∶2, and 9.6% C18∶3 with less than
1% of the following fatty acids present: C10∶0, C12∶0, C14∶1, C15∶0, and C17∶0. 相似文献
4.
Milk from 6 species of monkeys contained 2.2–8.5% total lipids, and 11.5–16.5% total solids. The fatty acid composition of
the milks, as determined by an improved gas liquid chromatographic techniques, was generally similar among the six species.
The predominant fatty acids (by wt) were capric (7.5–14.6%), palmitic (19.4–23.3%), oleic (22.4–30.3%), and linoleic (13.6–15.2%).
Small amounts of butyric (0.1–1.2%) and caproic (0.5–0.8%) acids were present in all samples. The averaged data were compared
with the fatty acid compositions of primate and cow milks. Milks of the nonhuman primates contained less myristic, but more
caprylic and capric acids, than did human or cows' milk.
Data taken from thesis of S. Hardjo submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters' degree in food science. 相似文献
5.
C. K. Huston J. D. Sink R. C. Miller J. W. Shigley 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1965,42(2):141-145
The effect of low-temp storage on the fatty acid composition of meat lipids was studied. Fat samples were taken from the perirenal
and subcutaneous depots of 12 beef carcasses. The samples were divided and one-half from each carcass were stored at −37C
for four months. The fat samples (before and after the low-temp storage period) were then extracted, the glyceride fractions
separated by low-temp solvent crystallization, and subsequently analyzed by gas-liquid chromatographic techniques. The data
obtained in this study and the changes in fatty acid composition noted were not consistent with the pattern of oxidative deterioration
but would appear to indicate that non-oxidative mechanisms were responsible for the changes in fatty acid composition observed.
Journal Series of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, Paper No. 2900. 相似文献
6.
7.
Gas-liquid Chromatographic analysis of the methyl ester of lipids of four rice varieties showed that bran lipids had significantly
higher mean contents of linoleic and linolenic acids, but lower contents of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, and stearic acids
than milled rice lipids. Nine fatty acids were detected. The principal components were oleic, linoleic, and palmitic, which
also was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography of the esters.
Issued as I.R.R.I. Journal Series No. 12 相似文献
8.
Alterations in the fatty acid distribution of total lipid extracts and 4 of the major lipid subclasses of serum in ponies fasted overnight and for 4 and 7 days were determined. Although increases in 16:0, 16:1, and 18:3 omega 3 were observed, decreased amounts of 18:0 and 18:2 omega 6 combined to cause no significant change in the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio in the total extracts. Phospholipid became somewhat preferentially enriched in saturated fatty acids due to a decrease in 18:1, although this response was variable. The free fatty acid and triglyceride fractions both showed increases in relative amounts of 18:3 omega 3 and a decrease in 18:0 and a concomitant change in the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio. This endogenous alteration was most likely due to the mobilization of an increased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids from tissue sites with their subsequent incorporation into triglyceride by the liver. It probably reflects the type of forage diet on which the animals had been maintained prior to the study. The fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fractions was unchanged during fasting but contained appreciable amounts of the 18:2 omega 6 fatty acid. 相似文献
9.
Silicic acid column chromatography was used to separate the polar lipids of goats' milk into glycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine,
phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin fractions. Each fraction was purified
by column chromatography and its fatty acid profile determined by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The glycerophospholipids
each contained 18∶1 as the predominant fatty acid (∼45%). The sphingolipids contained a high percentage of long-chain saturated
fatty acids (C22 to C24>45%); the glycolipid fraction also contained ca. 2% 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The data represent a comprehensive cross-sectional
study of the major polar lipids found in goats' milks. 相似文献
10.
This study determined the lipid content and FA composition of muscle and a mixture of muscle and viscera from Korean catfish
as well as lipid oxidation and hydrolysis. Lipid content and FA compositions in Korean catfish, which were purchased every
month or two during September 1999–July 2000, were analyzed. Lipid oxidation and hydrolysis were determined as PV, thiobarbituric
acid value, and FFA in the muscle and the mixture during storage at 2°C for 12 d and −14°C for 9 wk. Lipid contents of the
muscle and the mixture were 3.2 (w/w) and 5.4%, respectively. Oleic acid was the most abundant FA in the catfish lipids, constituting
28.0% (w/w) of total FA in the muscle and 25.6% in the mixture, followed by palmitic acid and linoleic acid, amounting to
20.2 and 12.2%, respectively, in the muscle and 20.2 and 12.5% in the mixture. EPA and DHA were 3.2 and 6.8%, respectively,
in the muscle and 3.5 and 8.1% in the mixture. Seasonal variation in lipid contents and FA composition was minimal in catfish.
Lipids in minced catfish oxidized and hydrolyzed readily at 2°C. Inclusion of viscera into the muscle increased lipid oxidation
and hydrolysis. Frozen storage at −14°C and addition of ascorbic acid both reduced lipid oxidation. Frozen storage retarded
lipid hydrolysis in catfish. 相似文献
11.
Fatty acid compositions of crude melon seed oil from two different sources were compared. Melon seeds fromCitrullus vulgaris (syn.C. lanatus) contained phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylserine (PS), whereas melon seeds fromCitrullus colocynthis contained only PC and LPC, but not PS. Analysis of the total lipids revealed that the major fatty acid of the oils was 18:2n-6.Citrullus vulgaris seed oil contained 71.3% andC. colocynthis contained 63.4% of 18:2n-6. The predominant fatty acids in theC. vulgaris PC were 18:2n-6 (32.2%), 18:1n-9 (26.4%) and 16:0 (22.2%), whereas theC. colocynthis PC contained 44.6% of 18:1n-9 as the major fatty acid. The level of monoenes in theC. colocynthis variety (46.2%) was different from theC. vulgaris (27.3%). The major fatty acid in the LPC was 18:1n-9 for both varieties. Notably, theC. colocynthis variety did not contain any PS. The major fatty acids in theC. vulgaris PS were 18:1n-9 (37.9%) and 18:2n-6 (33.7%). Of all the phospholipids, LPC contained the greatest amount of monoenes, 48.6–52.4%. 相似文献
12.
Analyses of the fatty acid content and composition of various lung lipids were conducted in rats 1 day, 5 days, and 12 days
after birth and in adult animals in order to define more clearly the specific lipid peroxidizing system found in neonatal
rat lungs. Lipid peroxidation occurs in the 900×g supernatant fraction of rat lung homogenates in an age-dependent manner
independent of the addition of any factor and is maximal at 5 days of age. No lipid peroxidation is evident in similar preparations
of either newborn or adult lung tissue. As the animals develop, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, fatty acids which are
both highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation in the presence of a suitable catalyst, decrease gradually when measured as
the percentage of the total fatty acids in the triglyceride fraction of the lung. The total quantity of triglycerides, however,
is significantly lower in lungs from 1-day-old rats than at any other age. The fatty acid composition and total quantity of
both lung phospholipids and lung free fatty acids do not show similar changes. Following in vitro incubation of the 900×g
supernatant fraction of peroxidizing lung homogenates, an appreciable decrease in the amount of arachidonic and docosa-hexaenoic
acid could be detected in lung triglycerides. Less extensive decreases were observed in the phospholipid fraction. No changes
in these components were observed in newborn or adult animals. The addition of triarachidonin to the 900×g supernatant fraction
of lung homogenates resulted in increased malondialdehyde release at all ages tested while added arachidonic acid increased
the formation of malondialdehyde only in 5- and 12-day-old rat lung preparations. The addition of triolein, cholesterol arachidonate,
and diarachidonyl phosphatidylcholine had no effect on malondialdehyde formation at any age. The age-dependent lipid peroxidation
observed after in vitro incubation of rat lung homogenate preparations, therefore, may result from the relatively high concentration
of triglycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the neonatal tissue. As the susceptible polyunsaturated
fatty acids of lung triglycerides are replaced by less unsaturated species, this activity may diminish concomitantly.
Recipient of Public Heath Service Research Career Development Award 5-K04-HD00068 from the National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development. 相似文献
13.
Chloroform-methanol extracted lipids of garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus) amounted to 0.6% on a dry weight basis. Fractionation by silicic acid column chromatography showed that garlic
lipids comprise 62.6% neutral lipids 14.0% glycolipids and 23.4% phospholipids. Fatty acid compositions of total lipids and
component lipid fractions were determined. 相似文献
14.
Several aspects of lipid composition and32P incorporation were studied during early embryogenesis of the toad,Bufo arenarum, Hensel. The surveyed stages ranged from unfertilized oocyte to neural tube formation. The fatty acid distribution in polar and neutral lipids, as well as in acetone eluate from Unisil columns was similar in unfertilized oocyte and late blastula stage. There was no significant effect of cell cleavage on the fatty acid composition of these lipid fractions. Neutral lipids represent ca. 67% of the total lipids. The main components of the phospholipids were phosphatides of choline and ethanolamine. The total lipid and phospholipid content does not change through the studied stage of neurula. However a large increment in the phospholipid's specific radioactivity occurs when32P is injected along with the hormone to induce ovulation. It is suggested that this may reflect changes in turnover rates rather than net biosynthesis. Since a large amount of cell membranes is being formed during the early development and because the level of phospholipids remains constant, an explanation is offered regarding membranogenesis. Active phospholipid biosynthesis may take place during oogenesis. These lipids may be stored in the yolk platelet, and fertilization may regulate the functioning of a transport mechanism to corresponding membrane sites. The increased incorporation of32P may reflect changes in the activity of new membranes. 相似文献
15.
Fatty acids in human and rat adrenal lipids were analyzed by AgNO3-impregnated silica gel, thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography (GLC). In human adrenal cholesterol ester,
26 kinds of fatty acids were estimated. The percentage of 18∶1 was highest, and 20∶3ω6 and 22∶4ω6 represented high percentages
in polyenoic acids. Docosatrienoate was found in all the five men, representing from 1.0% to 2.8%. Its retention time on GLC
was different from that of 22∶3ω9 found in the adrenal cholesterol ester of fat deficient rats. The methyl esters of dicarboxylic
acids produced by KMnO4-oxidation of the docosatrienoate had a chain of 10 carbon atoms. These results elucidate that the docosatrienoate from human
adrenal cholesterol ester belongs to the linoleate family. In the adrenal cholesterol ester of 10-week fat free rats, the
percentages of 22∶4ω6 and 22∶5ω6 did not decrease, compared with control rats, though arachidonate apparently decreased. The
adrenal phospholipid contained about 20% of arachidonate in four of five men and about 40% of arachidonate in rats. Much more
polyenoic acids were found in the triglyceride of an adrenal adenoma of primary aldosteronism than in the adjacent adrenal
tissue, shereas the fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and cholesterol ester in the adenoma resembled those in the adjacent
tissue. 相似文献
16.
The fatty acid compositions of total polar and total neutral lipids of Atlantic herring eggs and larvae were determined immediately
before fertilization, after fertilization and at various times during subsequent embryonic and early larval development. Within
3 hr after fertilization the percentage of total PUFA in neutral lipid decreased from 33% to 20%, with a reciprocal increase
in monoenes. Thereafter the percentage of PUFA in the neutral lipids increased progressively, attaining the original level
in ripe eggs by the time of yolk sac absorption. During the larval stages the percentage of PUFA continued to increase in
the neutral lipid, reaching almost 44% of the total by day 32 after fertilization, although it was reduced to 32% by day 36.
The percentage of monoenes in the neutral lipid displayed a progressive decrease during the whole period of development from
3 hr after fertilization. Throughout all the developmental periods the fatty acid composition of total polar lipids remained
essentially constant. The polar lipids of the yolk sac displayed virtually the same fatty acid composition as the larval bodies,
but the neutral lipids of the yolk sac were low in PUFA compared to the larval bodies. The results are discussed with reference
to changes in lipid class composition during development. The conservation of high levels of PUFA in lipids during embryogenesis
and early larval development reflects the importance of these fatty acids during development. 相似文献
17.
Pregnant rats were fed a high carbohydrate diet containing either 1% trilinolein or 1% trilinolein with 0.2% methyl sterculate
from 18 day gestation to 21 day postpartum. The pups were weaned at 21 days and continued on the same diet for an additional
10 days. The microsomal stearyl CoA desaturase activities of the liver were effectively inhibited. Liver triglycerides showed
increases in the saturated fatty acids concentrations at the expense of the corresponding monoenes. The concentration ofcis 6–7 octadecenoic acid was elevated. In liver phospholipids, the concentration of stearic acid was increased without a corresponding
decrease in the oleic acid content. A drastic decrease in the nervonic acid (24∶1, n−9) concentration of liver sphingomyelin
was observed. The lipids of the brain did not contain sterculic acid, and brain desaturase activity was unaffected. There
was no significant change in the concentration of monoenoic acids from 16∶1 to 22∶1. However, nervonic acid was decreased
by 32%. These results suggest that brain nervonic acid may be derived from a precursor other than oleic acid. 相似文献
18.
The total-lipid composition of 21 lichens of the ascomycetous genera Cladonia (11) and Cladina (1) of the family Cladoniacea, Cladia (1), Parmotrema (3), Ramalina (2), Leptogium (1), Cetraria (1), and the basidiomycetous genus Dictyonema (1) was determined. Analyses of those of Dictyonema glabratum were carried out with a total extract and those obtained after successive extractions with various solvents. Each extract
was partitioned between n-heptane/isopropanol and 1 M sulfuric acid, giving triglycerides (TG) in the upper phase. Extracts were methanolyzed and the
resulting methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methanolyzates of TG unexpectedly contained
esters of 9-oxodecanoic, 9-methyl-tetradecanoic, 6-methyl-tetradecanoic, 3-hydroxy-decanoic, nonanedioic, and decanedioic
acids, as well as common fatty acids. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles from the lichens were submitted to cluster analysis,
and the resulting dendogram showed a cluster consistent with Cladonia spp., suggesting an efficient aid to lichen taxonomy. The total carbohydrate content of each lipid extract was determined
by a modified phenol-sulfuric acid method, which compensated for the presence of pigments. 相似文献
19.
Bis-(monoacylglyceryl)-phosphate of rat and human liver: Fatty acid composition and NMR spectroscopy
Bis-(monoacylglyceryl)-phosphate was isolated from liver lysosomes that had been prepared from rats pretreated with Triton
WR-1339. Analysis of the fatty acids in this lipid by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that they were composed
of 69% docosahexenoic acid. NMR spectroscopy of bis-(monoacylglyceryl)-phosphate isolated from liver of a patient who had
a lipid storage disease revealed that the peak corresponding to the chemical shift of protons of esterified secondary carbons
of glycerol was absent. This suggests that fatty acids are esterified to the primary position of both glycerols. 相似文献
20.
The fatty acid composition of erythrocytes, platelets, and serum lipids was compared between subjects who had been eating
a strict uncooked vegan diet (“living food”) for years and omnivore controls. The vegan diet contains equal amounts of fat
but more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated and less saturated fatty acids than the mixed diet of the control group. In vegans,
the proportion of linoleic acid was greater in all lipid fractions studied. Also, the levels of other n−6 fatty acids were
greater, with the exception of arachidonic acid levels, which were similar in most fractions. In erythrocytes, platelets and
serum phospholipid fractions, this increase was mainly at the expense of the n−3 fatty acids. The proportions of eicosapentaenoic
and docosahexaenoic acid were only 29–36% and 49–52% of those in controls, respectively. In vegans the ratio of n−3 to n−6
fatty acids was only about half that in omnivores. In addition to the lower levels of n−3 fatty acids, the proportions of
palmitic and stearic acids were lower in serum cholesteryl esters, triglycerides and free fatty acids of vegans. The proportion
of oleic acid was slightly lower only in serum cholesteryl esters and erythrocyte phosphatidylserine. The results show that,
in the long term, the vegan diet has little effect on the proportions of oleic and arachidonic acids, whereas the levels of
n−3 fatty acids are depressed to very low levels with prolonged consumption of the high linoleic and oleic acid components
of this diet. 相似文献