The relationship between media consumption and eating disorders

This study examined the relationship between college women's media use and two sets of variables (disordered-eating symptomatology and a set of related variables, including body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness) and assessed the relationship between college men's media use and their endorsement of thinness for themselves and for women. We expected to find consumption of thinness-depicting and thinness-promoting TDP) media related to disordered eating and thinness endorsement, with the social learning process of modeling accounting for the relationships. For women, media use predicted disordered-eating symptomatology, drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and ineffectiveness. For men, media use predicted endorsement of personal thinness and dieting and select attitudes in favor of thinness and dieting for women. Magazine reading was a more consistent predictor than television viewing. Several relationships remained significant when interest in fitness and dieting as media topics was partialled out of the analyses. Exposure to TDP media appears to be associated with a subsequent increase in eating disorder symptomatology. Selective exposure to these media based on initial interest in fitness and dieting as media topics is not a viable alternative explanation for this association.     

Tender Affective States as Predictors of Entertainment Preference

Four studies were conducted to explore how tender affective states (e.g., warmth, sympathy, understanding) predict attraction to entertainment that features poignant, dramatic, or tragic portrayals. Studies 1 and 2 found that tenderness was associated with greater interest in viewing sad films. Studies 3 and 4 found that tender affective states were associated with preferences for entertainment featuring not only sad portrayals but also entertainment featuring drama and human connection. Results are discussed in terms of how these forms of entertainment may provide viewers the opportunity to contemplate the poignancies of human life—an activity that may reflect motivations of media use related to meaningfulness or insight rather than only the experience of pleasure.     

The Guilty Couch Potato: The Role of Ego Depletion in Reducing Recovery Through Media Use

This article addresses ego depletion as a mechanism influencing media‐based stress recovery processes. Using structural equation modeling, relationships between ego depletion, procrastination, guilt, enjoyment, vitality, and recovery experience were tested using data from an online survey (N = 471). Results suggest that ego depletion may increase the risk of negatively appraising the use of interactive (video games) and noninteractive (television) entertaining media as a form of procrastination. The resulting guilt is negatively related to the recovery experience associated with using entertainment. Therefore, ego‐depleted individuals may benefit less from the psychological recovery potential of entertainment media, despite their greater need for recovery. These findings are an important step in understanding the pivotal role of appraisal processes for media‐induced recovery and the entertainment experience.     

Technology adoption and content consumption in Chinese television: Local city,national city,and global city

Advances in media technologies allow people to restructure their relations across a broad range of time and space. As a result, modern communities are organized on local, national, and global bases. These communities are sustained and developed by media technologies their members adopt and characteristic media contents they consume. This article explores the relations between technology adoption, content consumption, and modern communities in Chinese television. The results indicate that the space-biased feature of television is enhanced by a combination of space-biased technologies and ritualized contents (i.e., drama and popular entertainment). Meanwhile, the over-emphasized space-biased feature is counterbalanced by a combination of time-biased technologies and instrumental contents (i.e., knowledge/information programs). Of more importance, the study supports three development trajectories of modern communities and media: (1) the larger scale the community has, the more the community relies on media to organize and coordinate; (2) the larger scale the community has, the less the community is tied to the traditional sources; and (3) the larger scale the community has, the less the community has shared cultural practices.     

Must-See TV or ESPN: Entertainment and Sports Media Exposure and Body-Image Distortion in College Women

Many studies offer clear evidence that exposure to TDP (thinness depicting and promoting) media leads to distorted body-image perceptions in school-age females and college women. This study investigated women's exposure to two types of media—entertainment and sports media—and looked for possible associations with body-image distortion and eating disorders. College women were surveyed in the fall of 2001 and asked to report exposure to 40 programs airing on prime-time networks and report exposure to specific men's and women's sports. Exposure to "thin-ideal" television was a significant predictor of four dimensions of disordered eating for women of all races. However, women's exposure to sports media was not a significant predictor of lower degrees of disordered eating.     

Emergence of the viewing public: Does social television viewing transform individual viewers into a viewing public?

This study wanted to find out whether social viewing, the act of exchanging ideas through online media while watching television programs, can turn an audience member into a viewing public. This study proposed nine variables that represent attributes of viewing pubic and content analyzed social viewing discussions based on those variables. The results showed that more than half of the discussions reflected negotiated reading and independent reading of the television texts. A factor analysis of the nine indicators of social viewing resulted in three factors – issue viewing, network viewing and critical viewing. The comparison of three factors across four programs showed that social viewing is sensitive to genres of programs. As expected, the documentary, a non-fiction genre, caused viewers to be engaged in issue related discussions with critical perspectives. The drama genre, on the other hand, was less successful in transforming an audience into public. The study also found that the quality of program did not influence the social viewers’ discussions.     

Is It Live or Is It AR?

By blending digital creations with our view of the world, augmented reality is set to transform the way we entertain and educate ourselves. Mobile mixed reality call forth new media forms that skillfully combine the present and the past, historical fact and its interpretation, entertainment and learning. AR and mobile technology have the potential to make the world into a stage on which we can be the actors, participating in history as drama or simply playing a game in the space before us.     

Media Use and Perceptions of Welfare

This study examines public perceptions of the characteristics of a typical welfare recipient and of welfare programs, and how these perceptions reflect differences in individuals' media use. The evidence shows that contextually poor, event-centered, and personalized media content use, represented by exposure and attention to television cable news, and entertainment shows, works in the direction of introducing typical biases in welfare perceptions: perception of welfare recipients as non-White, female, of younger age, and of higher federal spending on welfare programs. In contrast, watching more thematic television stories about welfare and poverty, as well as reading public affairs content in newspapers, has overall positive effects on the accuracy of perceptions of welfare. In turn, perceptions of welfare recipients and welfare programs affect individual's support for welfare programs.     

Media Entertainment and Well‐Being—Linking Hedonic and Eudaimonic Entertainment Experience to Media‐Induced Recovery and Vitality

This paper explores the impact of hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experience on well‐being. We propose that the satisfaction of recovery needs can provide an important link that connects recent 2‐factor models of entertainment with well‐being after media consumption. Using path modeling, relationships between hedonic/eudaimonic entertainment experiences, media‐induced recovery experience, and vitality as a recovery outcome were explored in an experiment (N = 120). Results suggest that different recovery needs are satisfied by hedonic versus eudaimonic entertainment: Although hedonic entertainment experiences were associated with the recovery dimensions of relaxation and psychological detachment, eudaimonic entertainment was related to mastery experiences. Both entertainment facets, thus, lead to media‐induced recovery and resulted in increased psychological well‐being represented by higher levels of vitality after media use.     

浅析新时期电视娱乐文化传播技术的创新路径

在"互联网+"时代的影响下,电视娱乐文化传播已经得到了全世界的关注,其传播技术创新就成为当前媒体工作的重点。文章主要围绕"互联网+"时代电视娱乐文化传播技术创新的重要性来进行阐述,详细分析其具体的创新路径,旨在提升电视娱乐文化传播的技术水平。     

The use of mobile technology for online shopping and entertainment among older adults in Finland

Older adults are becoming an important market segment for all internet-based services, but few studies to date have considered older adults as online shoppers and users of entertainment media. Utilising the concept of life course, this article investigates the use of mobile technologies for online shopping and entertainment among consumers aged 55 to 74. The data were collected with a web-based survey completed by a panel of respondents representing Finnish television viewers (N = 322). The results reveal that consumers aged 55 to 74 use a smartphone or tablet to purchase products or services online as often as younger consumers. In contrast, listening to internet radio and watching videos or programmes online with a smartphone or tablet are most typical for younger male consumers. The results demonstrate that mobile-based online shopping is best predicted by age, higher education, and household type (children living at home), and use of entertainment media by age and gender.     

Development of HDTV emission systems in North America

The North American broadcasting structure and the relationships between the different forms of the media are examined in order to understand the North American approach to high-definition television (HDTV). The processes that are being used to define the appropriate technical systems for HDTV broadcasting are explained. Technical proposals that have been made are summarized     

Understanding Sexual Objectification: A Comprehensive Approach Toward Media Exposure and Girls' Internalization of Beauty Ideals,Self‐Objectification,and Body Surveillance

The relationship between exposure to sexually objectifying music television, primetime television programs, fashion magazines, and social networking sites and the internalization of beauty ideals, self‐objectification, and body surveillance was examined among adolescent girls (N = 558). A structural equation model showed direct relationships between sexually objectifying media and the internalization of beauty ideals, and indirect relationships between sexually objectifying media and self‐objectification, and body surveillance through the internalization of beauty ideals. The direct relationships between sexually objectifying media and the internalization of beauty ideals, self‐objectification, and body surveillance differed across the types of sexually objectifying media. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings to explain self‐objectification among girls.     

Report of an IEEE Task Force?An IEEE Opinion on Research Needs for Biomedical Engineerng Systems

MORE than 200 years ago, our forefathers made note of man's inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To the engineering community (applied science in the service of man), these may be coincident with applications to medicine and biology (biomedical engineering), defense, and entertainment. Biomedical engineering research has the distinction, among these three missions, of not only contributing to the quality of human life through the industrial economy but also to life itself?the most fundamental concern of all people. It is through biomedical engineering research that we have been able to learn much concerning the functioning of living systems, and it is through such knowledge that we have been able to develop improved clinical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, including life-sustaining devices and aids to the handicapped. Each step represents an improvement in the quality of life, and each step forms the foundation upon which to gain new knowledge to improve upon earlier developments.     

The Economics of Television Program Production and Trade in Far East Asia

An analysis of programming on 34 national broadcast television networks in nine Far East Asian countries shows that in countries that are wealthier and/or that devote relatively large proportions of their gross domestic product (GDP) to broadcast media, larger percentages of TV program hours are domestically produced, particularly drama programs. A main suggestion of our analysis is that in Far East Asia the economic impact of new video media development on domestic production industries and on public television systems will be less than has been experienced in Western Europe.     

New paradigms for effective multicasting and fingerprinting of entertainment media

The large-scale adoption of network-centric entertainment systems rests on the ability to provide reliable, low-cost, and secure services for all parties in the entertainment distribution system. The use of modern data networks such as the Internet to communicate digital entertainment media is motivated, in part, by advancements in communication networking, signal processing, and storage technologies that facilitate more flexible and granular business models. This same technological progress can also be shown to equip potential "attackers" with the means to more easily violate system security. A broad class of system security issues for entertainment applications is addressed by the growing field of digital rights management. This article focuses on an aspect of DRM that involves multicast entertainment media distribution using digital encryption and digital fingerprinting technologies to prevent widespread piracy. The goal of DRM is to provide protection and facilitate equitable compensation for all parties in the entertainment distribution chain including content creators, aggregators, distributors, and consumers. Previous security proposals to protect entertainment media have sacrificed broadcast efficiency for security. This article collectively addresses security and broadcast efficiency for network-centric entertainment systems, an area of research seldom explored. We present the challenges, technological solutions, and future trends of this emerging field.     

Social media and expressive citizenship: Understanding the relationships between social and entertainment expression on Facebook and political participation

Substantial research has explored the political significance of social media use in the context of collective actions. Yet much remains unknown about whether common, day-to-day, nonpolitically oriented activities on social media relate to political engagement. Focusing on Facebook, the primary social media platform for most Americans, this study investigates whether and how social and entertainment expression on the site are associated with political participation among a diverse online sample of American adults. Results show that social and entertainment expressive Facebook use are indirectly associated with political participation through political communication in the form of interactive political expression on the site. In addition, findings demonstrate that social expressive use is also conducive to political participation via offline political talk, but entertainment expressive use is not significantly related to political talk in offline settings. Further analysis shows that the interactions between political interest and each of the expressive uses are largely insignificantly related to political communication and participation. Overall, the study’s findings help to clarify the distinctions between the two types of nonpolitical Facebook use and the underlying process by which these uses contribute to political participation.     

Spies, thieves, and lies: the battle for multimedia in the digitalera

Multimedia security has become an immediate concern for content providers, artists, and the entertainment industry. The apparent panic over the need for an effective mechanism for digital media rights protection echoes in many of today's news stories. The fundamental cause for this frenzy is the leakage problem. The leakage problem involves the illegal duplication, unlawful tampering, and wrongful distribution of media. Because of the popularity of handheld digital cameras, online news magazines, and movies on digital versatile disk (DVD), traditional forms of analog media are being replaced with new digital counterparts. Advances in digital media storage, duplication, editing, and transmission technologies have made this alternative more flexible, scalable, and cost effective for emerging applications. Ironically, however, these same appealing conveniences have facilitated large-scale piracy of and unlawful tampering with digital content. Because of analog media's media, high-quality duplication is expensive and therefore inaccessible to the average consumer. Despite new legislation by governments and the ongoing efforts of the entertainment and high-tech industries, there has been little progress in preventing multimedia theft and tampering     

What drives live-stream usage intention? The perspectives of flow,entertainment, social interaction,and endorsement

Live-stream is the real-time audio and video transmission of an event over the Internet. Since a live-stream can also be interactive, it has some of the characteristics of a small community. People often become addicted to television, movies, or video blogs for the sake of entertainment. They can also become blind and obsessive about worshiping popular idols. Moreover, their willingness to use media is affected by their own perception of the media or their expectation of the benefits. This study therefore proposes four key factors: flow, entertainment, social interaction, and endorsement. We use path analysis to test their relationships with attitude, perceived value and watching intention to understand the influential factors and channels that induce audiences to watch live-streaming events.Analysis of 313 valid responses to a survey questionnaire indicate that approximately 65% of Taiwanese people watch live-streams via social network sites. In general, they watched live-streams simply because they liked to do so. The main reason behind their favorable impression of live-streaming was that live-streams made people happy and relieved stress. Secondly, people were attracted by the charm of the streamers, but the attraction differs slightly by gender. Females developed a more favorable impression of a live-stream when they admired the streamer. Males, on the other hand, developed a more favorable impression of a live-stream when they interacted with the streamer or other audience members. Young people tended to like live-streaming because it gave them a sense of flow, while older people were not affected by flow. This study contributes to the development of live-stream services and future studies on live-streaming.     

“To be able to change,you have to take risks #fitspo”: Exploring correlates of fitspirational social media use among young women

Posting and viewing fitspiration-related content is a new social media trend. Although some say that fitspiration inspires women towards an empowered body image, others argue that fitspirational social media use may negatively influence women’s body image. To address these concerns, the current study (359 women; ages 18–28?years) investigated how exposure to four types of fitspirational social media messages related to three indicators of body image: body dissatisfaction, compulsive exercise, and situated optimism related to body goals. Moreover, we investigated the role of two individual difference variables in predicting women’s exposure to fitspirational messages and moderating the relationships between exposure and indicators of body image: thin-ideal internalization and fit-ideal internalization. Overall, the study provides support for both positive and negative correlates of fitspirational social media use. In addition, the findings provide initial evidence that individual difference variables differentially predict exposure to certain types of fitspirational content and moderate the relationship between fitspirational social media and body image related variables. Thus, this study emphasizes that the relationship between fitspirational social media and body image involves a complex interaction between characteristics of consumers and the exact content that is being consumed.