铁铝尖晶石加入量对镁铁铝尖晶石砖的性能影响

为了研究铁铝尖晶石加入量对镁铁铝尖晶石砖的性能影响,本实验以粒度为3~1 mm、1~0 mm、≤0.088 mm的97高纯镁砂和1~0 mm的电熔铁铝尖晶石为原料,讨论了铁铝尖晶石加入量分别为3%、6%、9%、12%和15%时镁铁铝尖晶石砖的性能,利用XRD分析了试样的物相变化,采用SEM分析了烧后试样的微观结构。结果表明:铁铝尖晶石加入量为6%时,镁铁铝尖晶石砖有较高的体积密度和耐压强度以及较低的显气孔率,铁铝尖晶石加入量越多,镁铁铝尖晶石砖的荷重软化温度越低,铁铝尖晶石加入量3%~6%之间为宜。从显微结构照片中可以看出铁铝尖晶石周围生成的尖晶石环和环形裂纹,这是高温过程中部分铁铝尖晶石与方镁石发生离子交换反应所致,这种结构对镁铁铝尖晶石砖的结构柔韧性起着一定的作用。     

烧成温度对镁铁铝尖晶石砖性能的影响

为确定以烧结铁铝尖晶石为主原料制备镁铁铝尖晶石砖时的烧成温度,采用粒度为5~3、≤3、≤0.088 mm的高纯镁砂(质量分数分别为36%、28%和31%)和反应烧结制备的粒度≤0.088 mm铁铝尖晶石粉(质量分数为5%)为主要原料,以纸浆废液为结合剂,经配料、混料、成型和烘干后,在隧道窑中分别于1 450、1 500、1 550、1 600和1 650℃下烧成制备了镁铁铝尖晶石砖,检测了其体积密度、显气孔率、耐压强度、常温抗折强度、抗热震性和挂窑皮性,并分析了试样的物相和显微结构。结果表明:在1 450~1 650℃,随着烧成温度的升高,镁铁铝尖晶石砖的常温耐压强度和常温抗折强度逐渐增大,抗热震性逐渐减小;烧成温度为1 550℃时制备的镁铁铝尖晶石砖有较大的体积密度和较小的显气孔率,挂窑皮性也最好,其主晶相为Mg O、Fe Al2O4和镁铁铝复合尖晶石。     

回转窑烧成带用镁铁铝尖晶石砖的研制与应用

以新理论、新工艺合成出了结晶完好、质地均匀的铁铝尖晶石,并以合成的铁铝尖晶石为原料制备了镁铁铝尖晶石砖。大量应用结果表明,研制的镁铁铝尖晶石砖具有窑皮形成迅速、稳定、导热率小及使用寿命长等优点,总体性能超过了镁铬砖,满足了大型回转窑烧成带的无铬化要求。     

铁铝尖晶石的合成及镁铁铝尖晶石砖的性能与应用

系统论述了铁铝尖晶石( FeO·Al2O3)的合成、铁的存在价态对镁铁铝尖晶石砖性能的影响,并阐述了采用预合成铁铝尖晶石制备的镁铁铝尖晶石砖在水泥窑上的出色使用性能,指出其完全可以替代现有镁铬砖,是水泥回转窑烧成带用耐火材料的发展方向;同时还指出了镁铁铝尖晶石砖未来的研究方向是降低砖的热导率以及控制铁铝尖晶石合成气氛的简单化.     

反应烧结铁铝尖晶石添加量对镁铁铝尖晶石耐火材料性能影响

以反应烧结铁铝尖晶石和镁砂为原料,研究了添加1％、3％、5％、7％、9％和11％反应烧结铁铝尖晶石对制备镁铁铝尖晶石耐火材料的性能影响。利用XRD分析试样的物相组成,SEM观察试样的微观结构。结果表明：在1％～11％范围内,随着铁铝尖晶石添加量的增加,镁铁铝尖晶石耐火材料的热震稳定性和挂窑皮性能提高,但荷重软化温度降低;铁铝尖晶石加入量为5％时,镁铁铝尖晶石耐火材料有较大的体积密度、较高的常温耐压强度和较小的显气孔率。     

铁铝尖晶石的合成及应用

以铁鳞和特级矾土为原料,分别采用埋石墨和在试样中加入石墨两种方式合成铁铝尖晶石.利用XRD检测了合成试样的物相组成,采用SEM观察和分析了合成试样物相的微观形貌分布.将合成的铁铝尖晶石加入到MgO-MgO·Al2O3系耐火材料中,研究了铁铝尖晶石含量对镁铝铁系耐火材料热震稳定性和挂窑皮性的影响.研究结果表明:采用埋石墨方式更有利于铁铝尖晶石的形成和致密化.当铁铝尖晶石含量为8％时,试样抗折强度剩余率为85％,比没加铁铝尖晶石的试样高,明显提高了热震稳定性;随着铁铝尖晶石含量的增加,挂窑皮效果增强,当铁铝尖晶石含量为8％时,砖与熟料之间结合紧密,而没有加入铁铝尖晶石的试样,砖与熟料之间有明显的缝隙.     

镁铁铝尖晶石耐火砖安全运行两年使用经验

镁铁尖晶石耐火砖替代直接结合镁铬耐火砖,降低Cr6+对环境的影响,但其导热系数大,挂窑皮性能差等缺点,造成使用周期短,筒体温度高和红窑等问题。采用镁铁铝尖晶石耐火砖,兼顾镁铁尖晶石和镁铝尖晶石的优点,优化砖的实物质量和窑内配砖是基础,窑皮维护是关键。日常生产中要关注结皮值,做到窑皮平整,避免结圈结蛋等工艺事故。同时关注升温、降温过程,及浇注料和煤管运行状态,均可提高窑内烧成带的耐火砖的使用周期。     

不同粒度锌铝尖晶石加入量对方镁石-锌铝尖晶石性能的影响

以高纯镁砂(5～0.074、≤0.074 mm)为主要原料，分别以烧结法合成的锌铝尖晶石颗粒(5～0.074 mm)和细粉(≤0.074 mm)取代相应粒度的高纯镁砂，制备了方镁石-锌铝尖晶石试样，分别研究了锌铝尖晶石颗粒(加入质量分数分别为10%、15%和20%)和细粉(加入质量分数分别为5%、10%和15%)的引入量对试样性能的影响，并与市售的铁铝尖晶石砖的性能作对比。结果表明：1)随锌铝尖晶石颗粒引入量的增加，试样的显气孔率增大，体积密度和常温耐压强度降低，抗热震性能稍有提高；2)随锌铝尖晶石细粉引入量的增加，试样的常温物理性能和抗热震性能均有提高；3)当锌铝尖晶石以10%(w)颗粒料或5%～10%(w)细粉料引入时，其抗侵蚀性能均优于目前水泥窑使用铁铝尖晶石砖的。综合来看，锌铝尖晶石以5%(w)细粉形式引入的试样性能最好。     

套筒石灰窑用镁铝尖晶石砖的研制和应用

以电熔尖晶石(4~1.5 mm,<0.088 mm)、97电熔镁砂(5~2 mm,<2 mm)、96电熔镁砂(<0.088 mm)、中档镁砂(5~2 mm,<2 mm,<0.088 mm),高纯镁砂(5~2 mm,<2 mm,<0.088 mm)和α-Al2O3(<0.088 mm)为原料,亚硫酸纸浆废液为结合剂,配料后混练,在630 t压力机上成型。入隧道干燥器中,于110℃下干燥16 h后,在超高温隧道窑中分别于1 740℃和1 760℃保温6 h烧成,制得镁铝尖晶石砖。结果表明:通过优化试验配方和烧成温度,研制出了具有较高耐压强度和抗热震性优异的高档镁铝尖晶石砖。该制品替代镁铬砖和镁砖用在套筒石灰窑的关键部位,取得了良好的使用效果。     

板状刚玉粒度和加入量对高铁镁砂-烧结刚玉复合材料性能的影响

以粒度为3~1、≤1、≤0.088 mm的高铁镁砂,≤0.088 mm的高纯镁砂为主要原料,分别研究了不同加入量(质量分数分别为3%、6%、9%、12%、15%)和不同粒度(3~2、2~1、≤1 mm)的烧结板状刚玉对试样性能的影响,并分析其物相组成和显微结构。结果表明:当烧结板状刚玉细粉加入量为6%(w)时,试样的显气孔率16%,体积密度2.99 g·cm-3,常温耐压强度80.9 MPa,荷重软化温度1 609℃,抗热震性达到20次,综合性能最好;改变加入刚玉的粒度,可以控制刚玉反应速度,同时影响高铁镁砂中Fe的扩散;铁在方镁石中固溶度大,高铁镁砂的引入可以起到方镁石改性的作用;由于铁氧化物的存在,高铁镁砂-刚玉体系在高温下易于促进镁铝尖晶石和铁铝尖晶石固溶体的形成。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997